Test 2 Flashcards
Name animal groups from least complex to most complex in the invertebrates.
sponged cnidarians molluscs flatworms annelids roundworms arthropods echinoderms chordates
What are the different groups of arthropods?
arachnids crustaceans millipedes centipedes insects
What are the 5 groups of vertebrates?
fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals
What are the different groups of mammals?
monotremes
marsupials
eutherians
What are the order of organs in order?
mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine anus
What is an incomplete digestive system?
gut with only one opening
What is a complete digestive system?
gut with two openings
No ATP= ?
death
The First Law of Dynamics says what?
energy can not be created or destroyed
The Second Law of Dynamics says what?
energy tends to flow from higher to lower concentration
ATP has a ____ phosphate group.
three
what is oxidation?
occurs when an atom or molecule LOSES an electron
what is reduction?
occurs when an atom or molecule GAINS an electron
energy= ?
electrons
what is endergonic?
makes something bigger and stores energy
what is exergonic?
break a molecule into something smaller and release energy
Fungi are made of bundles of threadlike ______.
hyphae
Nutritionally, all fungi are ____. How do they acquire nutrients?
heterotrophs, absorption
What causes fungi to switch from asexual reproduction to sexual?
an unstable enviroment
The function of a mushroom is to ____.
produce spores
What important role do fungi play in many ecosystems?
they decompose organic material
What animal group usually has an outer shell that is not joined?
molluscs
How do sponges differ from all other animals?
sponges lack true tissue
Which of our 9 groups of animals does NOT contain invertibrates?
none of them
Which of the following is NOT an arthropod?
gastropod
Unique features of vertebrates include the presence of a ______.
skull and backbone
Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates?
They all have a notochord sometime during the life cycle
Which group has segmented parts, a complete digestive tract, and includes earthworms?
annelids
What type of symmetry does a jellyfish have?
radial
Which group is cylindrical in shape, tapered at both ends, important decomposers, dangerous parasites in plants, and other animals, and are represented by nematodes and heart worms?
Roundworms
Which group lacks segmentation, shows radial symmetry as adults but bilateral symmetry as larvae, and has an endoskeleton?
echinoderms
If you don’t have ___, you will die.
ATP
What is the original source of energy for all biological processes on Earth?
solar energy
What is true for Oxidation-Reduction (redox) reactions?
- reduction occurs when an atom or molecule gains an electron
- oxidation occurs when an atom or molecule loses an electron
- oxidation of glucose releases energy that is captured ultimately in the bonds of ATP
- they always happen in pairs
An example of an endergonic reaction is _______.
photosynthesis
Where do the reactions of cellular respiration occur int he cells of eukaryotes?
cytoplasm and mitochondria
What is true about chlorophyll II?
- it captures light energy
- it is located in the photosystems of the thylakoid membrane
- it reflects green light
- absorbs red and violet lights
What is one thing we cannot do to energy?
destroy it or make it
How does ATP release energy that can be used by living cell?
by breaking a bond within an ATP molecule
What is a waste product of photosynthesis?
O2
How do we know green light is not absorbed by chlorophyll II?
green light is the wavelength of light that is reflected instead of absorbed by the chloroplasts
Cellular respiration is _____________.
- a cellular pathway for the production of ATP
- is a step-by-step breakdown of the chemical bonds of glucose
- use redox reactions
- used by both plants and animals
What best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration?
photosynthesis stores chemical energy in the chemical bonds of glucose and other biological molecules whereas aerobic cellular respiration releases it.
What is not true about a one molecule of glucose in cellular respiration?
produces many NADPH as electron carriers
The main purpose of chemical digestion is to ________.
break carbohydrates into disaccharides and then into monosaccharides
What speeds the passage of food through the stomach?
the greater the number of monosaccharides in the stomach wall that are activated
chyme is formed in the _____.
stomach
what feature of the small intestine is an adaptation to help its function of absorption?
increased surface area created by the villi (mucosal folds)
Bile from the liver is stored in the _______ before entering the intestine.
gallbladder
What is the correct sequence of steps describing how solar energy is converted to the energy in ATP?
- photosynthesis converts solar energy into the chemical energy of biological molecules
- digestion breaks down biological molecules into their monomer components
- aerobic cellular respiration converts the chemical energy in monomers to the chemical energy in ATP
- cells utilize the energy stored in ATP to drive cellular processes that require energy
Which of the following are functions of the cardiovascular system?
- transporting oxygen
- transporting carbon dioxide
- transporting monomers of carbs, proteins, and lipids
- transporting hormones
the human circulatory system is a closed system consisting of two main circuit, the systematic circuit and the ______ circuit?
pulmonary
nutrients in the blood are exchanged between by which vessels?
capillaries
trans fats include the following lipids:
solid Crisco, margarine
in measuring blood pressure, diastolic pressure is:
when the ventricles are relaxed, lowest arterial pressure, bottom number of blood pressure reading
LDL proteins are:
- low density lipoproteins
- bad cholesterol carriers
- transport cholesterol to body cells
- can cause heart attack, angina, and stroke
what monomer is absorbed by the lymphatic system before being transported into the blood stream?
fatty acids (from lipids)
BONUS: Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?
conversion of NAD+ to NADH
The cells of fungi are made of what substance?
chitin
Name an animal group that has an incomplete digestive system.
flatworms
which group would the following organism fall into: one that has hair and mammary glands.
mammals
