Test 2

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

Converts light energy into chemical energy

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

Sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms

Question 3

Photoautotrophs

Answer 3

Use energy from sunlight to make organic molecules

Almost all plants

Question 4

Heterotrophs

Answer 4

Are consumers
Obtain organic molecules from other organisms
Most depend on photoautotrophs for food and O2

Question 5

Chloroplasts

Answer 5

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts

Question 6

Asexual reproduction

Answer 6

Producing offspring that are genetic copies and make the child identical to parent

Question 7

Sexual reproduction

Answer 7

Takes 2 organisms to reproduce, creating a variety of offspring

Question 8

Genome

Answer 8

All the DNA in cell constitutes its genome

Question 9

Chromosomes

Answer 9

Long DNA molecules

Contain chromatin

Question 10

Chromatin

Answer 10

A complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division.
Found in chromosomes

Question 11

Binary fission

Answer 11

When prokaryotic cells decide asexually by “deviding in half”

Question 12

Steps of binary fission

Answer 12

1. DNA copies move apart
2. The plasma membrane pinches inward
3. Finally, cell wall is made which devides the parent cell into 2 daughter cells

Question 13

5 stages of mitosis

Answer 13

Prophase 
Prometaphase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase 
Telophase

Question 14

Cytokinesis

Answer 14

Cells decide in 2

Overlaps with the end of mitosis

Question 15

4 things cell division is needed for

Answer 15

• growth
• development
• repair
• asexual / sexual reproduction

Question 16

Gametes

Answer 16

Reproductive cell (like sperm and egg) 
Have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells

Question 17

Somatic cells

Answer 17

Non reproductive cells
Have 2 sets of chromosomes
(2X23=46 total)

Question 18

2 stages of photosynthesis

Answer 18

1. The light reaction

2. The Calvin cycle

Question 19

The light reaction

Answer 19

Occurs in thylakoids

Produce ATP and NADPH

Question 20

The Calvin cycle

Answer 20

Takes place in the stroma
Uses ATP and NADPH produced by the light reaction
CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds

Question 21

Carbon fixation

Answer 21

Part of Calvin cycle

CO2 is incorporated into organic compounds

Question 22

Photons

Answer 22

Carries light energy (electromagnetic energy)

Travels in wavelengths

Question 23

Phages

Answer 23

Bacterial viruses

Question 24

Chargaffs rules

Answer 24

A=T
G=C
(Adenine = Thymine
Guanine = Cytocine)

Question 25

What are nucleotides composed of?

Answer 25

Nitrogenous base
5 carbon sugar
Phosphate group

Question 26

RNA attachment

Answer 26

Same as DNA except U (uracil) replaces T (thymine)

And has an additional oxygen atom in its sugar

Question 27

Steps of mRNA translation

Answer 27

1. initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 28

What did Watson and crick discover

Answer 28

Found the 3D structure of DNA (double helix)

Question 29

Introns

Answer 29

Non coding segments of RNA

Are removed

Question 30

Exons

Answer 30

The parts of a gene that are expressed

Question 31

Malignant tumors

Answer 31

Cancer that can invade other tissues

Question 32

Diploid

Answer 32

Cells with 2 sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 33

Haploid

Answer 33

Cells with a single set of chromosomes (sperm egg)

Question 34

Messanger RNA

Answer 34

The kind of RNA that encodes amino acid sequences

Question 35

Karyotype

Answer 35

Photographic inventory of an individuals chromosomes

Question 36

Frederick Griffith

Answer 36

Evidence for hereditary material