Final

Question 1

Gene expression

Answer 1

The process by which genetic info flows from genes to proteins

Question 2

Operons

Answer 2

In prokaryotes, genes for related enzymes are often controlled together in units called operons

Question 3

Individual cells must undergo ____ becomin specialized in structure and function

Answer 3

Differentiation

Question 4

DNA in a chromosome wraps around clusters of small proteins called ___

Answer 4

Histones

Question 5

Mendel 3 laws of inheritance

Answer 5

1 law of segregation
2 law of independence assortment

3 unit characteristics

Question 6

Genetics

Answer 6

Scientific study of heredity

Question 7

Heredity

Answer 7

The transmission of traits from one generation to the other

Question 8

The blending hypothesis

Answer 8

Old theory of inheritance that is now rejected that said every trait from your parents is mixed in offspring

Question 9

The particulate hypothesis

Answer 9

Mendels original hypothesis.

Parents pass on discrete heretable units (true)

Question 10

Alleles

Answer 10

Alternate versions of genes (blue eye/ brown eye)

Question 11

Mendels law of segregation

Answer 11

2 alleles for a characteristic segregate during gamete formation

Question 12

True breeding

Answer 12

Crossing of 2 homozygous parents

Question 13

Test cross

Answer 13

Crosssing something with a homozygous recessive to see its genotype

Question 14

Mono hybrids

Answer 14

Individuals that are heterozygous

Question 15

Law of independent assortment

Answer 15

Mendels law that states each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation

Question 16

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 16

A punett squar fir 2 different characteristics

Question 17

Complete dominance

Answer 17

When phenotypes of heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical (normal)

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

When the phenotype of F1 hybrids is in between the 2 parent phenotypes (red flower + white flower = pink offspring

Question 19

Codominance

Answer 19

2 dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways (spotted animals / have different coloured fur)

Question 20

Norm of reaction

Answer 20

Is the phenotypic range if a genotype influenced by environment

Question 21

Analogous

Answer 21

Evolution of similar features in creatures not closely related

Question 22

Homology

Answer 22

Similarity resulting from common ancestry even tho they may not perform the same task

Question 23

Artificial selection

Answer 23

When humans have modified other species by breeding individuals with desired traits

Question 24

Micro evolution

Answer 24

A change in allele frequency in a population over generations

Question 25

3 mechanisms causeing allele frequency change

Answer 25

Natural selection Genetic drift Gene flow

Question 26

Mutations

Answer 26

The original source of genetic variation

Question 27

3 components of sexual reproduction causing new assortment of existing alleles

Answer 27

1 crossing over 2 independent orientation of homologous chromosomes 3. Random fertilization

Question 28

Gene pool

Answer 28

Consists of all the alleles for a population

Question 29

Hardy weinburgh equilibrium 5 components

Answer 29

``` 1 large population size 2 mating is random 3 no mutation 4 no gene flow 5 no natural selection ```

Question 30

How to calculate allele frequency

Answer 30

(AA X 2) + (Aa) / (2 X population size)

Question 31

Bottle neck effect

Answer 31

Leads to loss of genetic diversity when population is greatly reduced due to change in environment

Question 32

Founder effect

Answer 32

When a few individuals become isolated from larger population

Question 33

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 33

Makes differences between the sexes within the same species

Question 34

Intrasexual selection

Answer 34

Direct competition among individuals of one sex for mates if the opposite sex

Question 35

Intersexual selection

Answer 35

Occurs when individuals of one sex (usually females) are choosy in mate selection

Question 36

Sympatric speciation

Answer 36

When a new species arises in the same geographic area as its parent species

Question 37

Adaptive radiation

Answer 37

The evolution of many different species from one common ancestor