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Test 2 Blood/heart/vessels&veins > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The lay of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the

A

Tunica Media

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2
Q

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

A

Aorta

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3
Q

The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

A

Arteriole

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4
Q

The most abundant component of plasma is

A

Water

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5
Q

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

A

Albumins

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6
Q

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the

A

Tunica media

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8
Q

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

A

The sinoatrial node (SA node)

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9
Q

The process of red blood cell production is called

A

Erythropoiesis

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10
Q

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

A

Lungs

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11
Q

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

A

Right ventricle

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12
Q

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

A

Heart

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13
Q

The right atrium receives blood from the

A

Systemic circuit (transport blood to and from the rest of the body)

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14
Q

The right pulmonary veins carry ______ blood to the _______

A

Oxygenated;left atrium

Pulmonary arteries: carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle into the lungs for oxygenated

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15
Q

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the

A

Foramen ovale

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16
Q

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

A

Epicardium(covers and adheres to the outer surface of the heart)

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17
Q

The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the

A

Stroke volume

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18
Q

There are _____ pulmonary veins

A

4

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19
Q

Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics

A

RBCs have both A & B surface Antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies

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20
Q

Vasoconstriction____ the amount of blood within the venous system, which _______ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

A

Reduces(decreases); increases

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21
Q

Venous valves are responsible for

A

Channeling blood toward the heart

Venous valves prevent blood from moving back toward capillaries

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22
Q

What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply

A

Vein

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23
Q

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

A

A drop in oxygen levels
The release of erythropoietin(formation of red blood cells)
An increase in red blood cell production
A rise in hematocrit(volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood)

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24
Q

When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge,

A

Both heart rate and stroke volume increase

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25
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber

A

Decreases

26
Q

When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then

A

Open

27
Q

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

A

Arterioles

28
Q

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn:

A

Mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

29
Q

Which of the following is a function of the blood

A

Transport of body heat
Defense against toxins and pathogens
Transport of gases
Transport of nutrients and wastes

Also: fluid loses at injury sites
Interstitial fluids

30
Q

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel

A

Tunica intima

Tunica media: middle layer with smooth muscles
Tunica externa: outer layer with connective tissue sheath
Tunica intima: inner layer with endothelial lining and surrounding layer of connective tissue

31
Q

Which of the following is true of basophils?

A

Attract other defense cells
Constitute about 1 percent of WBCs
Granules contain heparin
Granules contain histamine

32
Q

Which of the following is not true of monocytes?

A

About the same size of basophils

What is true: 
Become macrophages 
Long lives
Enter tissues and wander
Can phagocytize bacteria
33
Q

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

A

The normal Ph of blood is 6.8 to 7.0

What is right: 
Blood contains buffers that control pH 
Cells in blood compromise the formed elements 
Blood is about 55 percent plasma 
Blood is more viscous than water 
Normal ph is between 7.35-7.45
34
Q

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

A

Red cells are about 18 um in diameter

Right:
Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen
Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux
Red cells lack mitochondria
Red cells are biconcave discs

35
Q

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

A

Vitamin K

36
Q

Which of the following would increase heart rate?

A

Decreased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers
Faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential
Increased sympathetic stimulation of SA node
Increased levels of epinephrine

37
Q

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

A

Produce antibodies in response to antigens

38
Q

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

A

Antibodies

Formed elements: 
Basophils
RBCs 
Lymphocytes 
Platelets 
white blood cells
39
Q

Which of theses would cause stroke volume to increase?

A

When diastolic blood pressure is decreased

40
Q

Which of these is true about the atrial reflex?

A

Depends on sympathetic innervation
Also called bainbridge reflex
Triggered by increasing venous return
Triggered by atrial mechanoreceptors

41
Q

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

A

Liver

42
Q

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body’s blood?

A

Veins

43
Q

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

A

Albumin

44
Q

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

A

Basophils

45
Q

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

A

Eosinophils

46
Q

With each ventricular systole,

A

Blood pressure increases

47
Q

_____ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells

A

Monocytes

48
Q

Is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

A

Anemia

49
Q

_____ is to slow heart rats as ____ is to fast heart rate

A

Bradycardia;tachycardia

50
Q

Blood

A

A specialized fluid connective tissue that contains cells suspended in a fluid matrix.

51
Q

Hematocrit

A

The percentage of formed elements in a sample of blood.

52
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid matrix that makes up 55%.

It has plasma proteins (7%) other solutes and water which water makes up 92%.

53
Q

Formed elements

A

Blood cells and cell fragments that’s are suspended in plasma. These are white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells

54
Q

Erythrocytes or red blood cells

A

Most abundant blood cells. These specialized cells are essential for transport of oxygen in blood

55
Q

White blood cells or leukocytes

A

Play a role in the body’s defense mechanisms. There are 5. Lads of leukocytes, neutrophils,esoinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

56
Q

Albumins

A

60% of plasma protein. Most abundant. Major contributors to the osmotic pressure of plasma. Transporting fatty acids and hormones

57
Q

Globulins

A

35% of proteins in plasma. Antibodies(immunoglobulin), attack foreign proteins and pathogens.

58
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Functions in clotting.

59
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Developing red blood cell loses any organelle not directly associated with the cells primary function. Make up 95 percent of it intracellular proteins.
• responsible for the cells ability to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

60
Q

Vascular phase

A

Cutting the wall of a blood vessel triggers a contraction in the smooth muscle fibers of the vessel wall. Vascular spasm(decreases diameter of vessel at site of injury) lasts about 30 min, this is vascular phase

61
Q

Platelet phase

A

Attachment of platelets to sticky endothelial surfaces, to the basement membrane and to exposed collagen fibers.

62
Q

Coagulation phase

A

Blood clotting, does not start until 30 seconds or more after the vessel has been damaged.

Test 2 Blood/heart/vessels&veins (3 decks)

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