Blood Vessels

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 2

Arterioles

Answer 2

Smallest arterial branches

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

Blood moves into these. Diffusion takes place between blood and interstitial fluid

Question 4

Venules

Answer 4

From capillaries, blood enters this

Question 5

Veins

Answer 5

Return blood to the heart

Question 6

Vasoconstriction

Answer 6

Arterial smooth muscles contract, constructing the artery

Question 7

Vasodilation

Answer 7

When smooth muscles relax, the diameter of the lumen increases.

Question 8

Capillary beds

Answer 8

Capillaries function not as individual units, but rather as part of an interconnected network. They empty into several venules, the smaller vessels of the venous system.

Question 9

Venoconstriction

Answer 9

Decreases the amount of blood within the venous system, increasing the volume within the arterial system and capillaries

Question 10

Venous reserve

Answer 10

Amount of blood that can be shifted from veins in the liver,skin, and lungs to the general circulation

Question 11

Systolic pressure

Answer 11

The peak blood pressure measure during ventricular systole

Question 12

Diastolic pressure

Answer 12

The minimum blood pressure at the end of ventricular diastole

Question 13

Diffusion

Answer 13

The net movement of ions or molecules from an area where their concentration is higher to an area where their concentration is lower.

Question 14

Filtration

Answer 14

The removal of solutes as a saluting flows across a porous membrane. Salutes too large to pass through the pores are filtered out of he solution.

Question 15

Reabsorption

Answer 15

Occurs as the result of osmosis. Osmosis is a special term for the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane that superstars two solutions of differing solute concentrations

Question 16

Agglutination

Answer 16

When antibodies attack, the foreign cells.
•type A- plasma contains anti b antibodies- which will attack B antigens
•type B-anti A antibodies.
•type O-have neither A nor B surface antigens
•type AB-have both A and B surface antigen

Question 17

Neutrophils

Answer 17

70% of the circulating WBC. Also named polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Highly mobile. First to arrive at the site of an injury. Attacking and digesting bacteria. Short life span

Question 18

Eosinophils

Answer 18

2-4 percent of circulation WBCs. Attack objects that are coated with antibodies. Increase in number during allergic reactions as well, because they are sensitive to circulating allergens.

Question 19

Basophils

Answer 19

1 percent of circulating. Migrate to injury sites. Granules contain histamine and heparin. Blood clotting

Question 20

Monocytes

Answer 20

2-8 percent of circulating. Remains in circulation for 24 hours before entering peripheral tissues. Macrophages are aggressive phagocytes.

Question 21

Lymphocytes

Answer 21

20-40 percent of wbc. Continuously migrate from bloodstream, through peripheral tissues, and back to the bloodstream.

T cells- cell-mediated immunity, invading foreign cells.
B cells- production of antibodies.
NK cells- important in preventing cancer. Immune surveillance

Question 22

Leukopenia

Answer 22

Inadequate numbers of WBC

Leukocytosis- refers to excessive numbers on WBC

Question 23

WBC production

Answer 23

Stem cells that produce WBCs originate in the red bone marrow, with the divisions of hemocytoblasts. Hemocytoblast divisions produce myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells.

Question 24

Myeloid stem cells

Answer 24

Divide to create progenitor cells, which give ride to all the formed elements except lymphocytes.

Question 25

Lymphopoiesis

Answer 25

Process of lymphocyte production: some lymphocytes are derived from lymphoid stem cells that remain in red bone marrow.

Question 26

Hemostasis

Answer 26

The stopping of bleeding, halts the loss of blood through the walls of damaged vessels. Has three phases; vascular phase, platelet phase, and coagulation phase.