Test #2 Flashcards
What is the output to the parietal lobe?
Dorsal Stream
What is the output to the inferior temporal lobe?
Ventral Stream
What is the output to the superior temporal sulcus (STS)?
STS Stream
What are the five categories of vision?
Vision for Action Action for Vision Visual Recognition Visual Spatial Visual Attention
Vision for Action
Parietal visual areas in the Dorsal Stream
- Reaching
- Ducking
- Catching
Action for Vision
Visual Scanning
Eye Movements and Selective Attention
Visual Recognition
Temporal Lobes
Object Recognition
Visual Space
Parietal and Temporal Lobes
Spatial location
Visual Attention
Selective attention for specific visual input
Parietal lobes guide movements and temporal lobes help in object recognition
What is egocentric space?
Location of an object relative to person
What is allocentric space?
Location of an object relative to another
Apperceptive Agnosia
Deficit in the ability to develop a percept of the structure of an object or objects
Results from bilateral damage to the lateral parts of the occipital lobes
Associative Agnosia
Can perceive objects, but cannot identify them
Results from lesions to the anterior temporal lobes
Prosopagnosia
Cannot recognize faces
Can recognize facial features, facial expressions, and tell human from nonhuman faces
Alexia
Inability to read
Form of object agnosia - inability to construct perceptual wholes from parts or
Form of associative agnosia - word memory is damaged or inaccessible
What is the anterior border of the parietal lobe?
Central fissure
What is the ventral border of the parietal lobe?
Slyvan fissure
The parietal lobe is located dorsally to what?
cingulate gyrus
What is the posterior border of the parietal lobe?
Parieto-occipital sulcus
What is the Intraparietal sulcus (cIPS)?
Control of saccadic eye movements
Saccade - involuntary abrupt and rapid small movements made by the eyes when changing the fixation point
Visual control of grasping
What are the Parietal reach regions (PRR)?
Visually guided grasping movements
What is the Somatosensory Strip?
To area PE - Tactile recognition
To motor regions - sensory information about limb position and movement
What are the anterior zones?
process somatic sensations and perceptions
Bodily sensations: touch, pain, temp, vibration
Proprioception: position in the world, motion, and equilibrium
What are the posterior zones?
integrate information from vision with somatosensory information for movement
What is the cognitive spatial map?
Route knowledge, unconscious knowledge of how to reach a destination
What are the other aspects of parietal function?
Three symptoms of parietal lobe damage do not fit with the visuomotor view of the parietal lobe
Difficulties with arithmetic
Difficulties with certain aspects of language
Difficulties with movement sequences
What is acalculia?
inability to do arithmetic
What is afferent paresis?
Clumsy finger movements due to lack of feedback about finger position
What is the result of lesions to the post central gyrus?
Abnormally high sensory thresholds
Impaired position sense
Deficits in stereognosis, or tactile perception
Afferent paresis
What is Astereognosis?
Inability to recognize an object by touch
What is Simultaneous Extinction?
Two stimuli are applied simultaneously to opposite sides of the body
A failure to report a stimulus on one side is referred to as extinction
What is blind touch?
Cannot feel stimuli, but can report their location
Asymbolia for pain
Absence of normal reactions to pain
Finger Agnosia
Unable to point to the fingers or show them to the examiner
Apraxia
Movement disorder in which the loss of movement is not caused by weakness, inability to move, abnormal muscle tone, intellectual deterioration, poor comprehension, or other disorders of movement
Dyscalculia
Difficulties with arithmetic
Ideomotor Apraxia
Cannot copy serial movements
More likely to be associated with left parietal lesions
Constructional Apraxia
Cannot copy pictures, build puzzles, or copy a series of facial movements
Associated with right and left parietal lesions
Symptoms of Posterior Parietal Lobe Damage
Deficits in drawing appear after damage to the right parietal lobe
Spatial Attention
Function of the parietal lobe to selectively attend to different stimuli
Disengagement
-Shifting attention from one stimulus to the next
Five distinct connections of temporal lobe
Polymodal Pathway Medial Temporal Projection Frontal Lobe Projection Hierarchical Sensory Pathway Dorsal Auditory Pathway
Hierarchical Sensory Pathway
Incoming Auditory and Visual Information
Stimulus Recognition
Dorsal Auditory Pathway
From Auditory cortex to Posterior Parietal
Detection of spatial location/movement
Polymodal Pathway
From Auditory and Visual Areas to the Polymodal Cortex
Stimulus Categorization
Medial Temporal Projection
From Auditory and Visual Areas to the medial temporal lobe, limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, and amygdala
Long-term Memory
Frontal Lobe Projection
Auditory and Visual Cortex to the Frontal Lobe
Movement Control
Short-term Memory
Affect
Left and Right temporal lobes Connected Via:
Corpus Callosum Anterior Commissure (bundles of fibers that connect corresponding points)
Cross-Modal Matching
Process of matching visual and auditory information
Depends on cortex of the superior temporal sulcus
What is the function of the hippocampus?
spatial memory
Biological Motion
Movements relevant to a species
Allow us to guess others’ intentions
Social Cognition or “theory of mind”
left temporal lobe function
Verbal memory
Speech processing
right temporal lobe function
Nonverbal memory
Musical processing
Facial processing
Anterograde Amnesia
Amnesia for events after bilateral removal of the medial temporal lobes
Autonoetic Awareness
Self knowledge
Binding together the awareness of oneself as continuous through time
Ability to mentally place ourselves in the past, future, hypothetical situations, and help us analyze our own thoughts
left frontal lobe function
Language
Encoding memories
right frontal lobe function
Nonverbal movements, facial expression
Retrieving memories
Corollary discharge or reafference
Internal neural signal that movement will occur
Frontal lobe damage disrupts corollary discharge
Convergent thinking:
Only one answer to the question
Divergent thinking:
Questions that ask for a variety of responses
Recency memory
Tests memory for the order in which things have occurred
Frontal lobe patients show impairment on this task
Orbitofrontal lesions cause
Reduce inhibitions and may introduce abnormal sexual behavior
Leads to deficits in identifying facial expressions
Dorsolateral lesions cause
Reduce interest in sexual behavior
