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Neuropsychology > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the output to the parietal lobe?

A

Dorsal Stream

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2
Q

What is the output to the inferior temporal lobe?

A

Ventral Stream

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3
Q

What is the output to the superior temporal sulcus (STS)?

A

STS Stream

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4
Q

What are the five categories of vision?

A 
Vision for Action
Action for Vision 
Visual Recognition 
Visual Spatial 
Visual Attention
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5
Q

Vision for Action

A

Parietal visual areas in the Dorsal Stream

  • Reaching
  • Ducking
  • Catching
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6
Q

Action for Vision

A

Visual Scanning

Eye Movements and Selective Attention

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7
Q

Visual Recognition

A

Temporal Lobes

Object Recognition

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8
Q

Visual Space

A

Parietal and Temporal Lobes

Spatial location

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9
Q

Visual Attention

A

Selective attention for specific visual input

Parietal lobes guide movements and temporal lobes help in object recognition

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10
Q

What is egocentric space?

A

Location of an object relative to person

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11
Q

What is allocentric space?

A

Location of an object relative to another

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12
Q

Apperceptive Agnosia

A

Deficit in the ability to develop a percept of the structure of an object or objects

Results from bilateral damage to the lateral parts of the occipital lobes

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13
Q

Associative Agnosia

A

Can perceive objects, but cannot identify them

Results from lesions to the anterior temporal lobes

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14
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Cannot recognize faces

Can recognize facial features, facial expressions, and tell human from nonhuman faces

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15
Q

Alexia

A

Inability to read
Form of object agnosia - inability to construct perceptual wholes from parts or
Form of associative agnosia - word memory is damaged or inaccessible

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16
Q

What is the anterior border of the parietal lobe?

A

Central fissure

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17
Q

What is the ventral border of the parietal lobe?

A

Slyvan fissure

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18
Q

The parietal lobe is located dorsally to what?

A

cingulate gyrus

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19
Q

What is the posterior border of the parietal lobe?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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20
Q

What is the Intraparietal sulcus (cIPS)?

A

Control of saccadic eye movements
Saccade - involuntary abrupt and rapid small movements made by the eyes when changing the fixation point
Visual control of grasping

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21
Q

What are the Parietal reach regions (PRR)?

A

Visually guided grasping movements

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22
Q

What is the Somatosensory Strip?

A

To area PE - Tactile recognition

To motor regions - sensory information about limb position and movement

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23
Q

What are the anterior zones?

A

process somatic sensations and perceptions
Bodily sensations: touch, pain, temp, vibration
Proprioception: position in the world, motion, and equilibrium

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24
Q

What are the posterior zones?

A

integrate information from vision with somatosensory information for movement

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25
Q

What is the cognitive spatial map?

A

Route knowledge, unconscious knowledge of how to reach a destination

26
Q

What are the other aspects of parietal function?

A

Three symptoms of parietal lobe damage do not fit with the visuomotor view of the parietal lobe
Difficulties with arithmetic
Difficulties with certain aspects of language
Difficulties with movement sequences

27
Q

What is acalculia?

A

inability to do arithmetic

28
Q

What is afferent paresis?

A

Clumsy finger movements due to lack of feedback about finger position

29
Q

What is the result of lesions to the post central gyrus?

A

Abnormally high sensory thresholds
Impaired position sense
Deficits in stereognosis, or tactile perception
Afferent paresis

30
Q

What is Astereognosis?

A

Inability to recognize an object by touch

31
Q

What is Simultaneous Extinction?

A

Two stimuli are applied simultaneously to opposite sides of the body
A failure to report a stimulus on one side is referred to as extinction

32
Q

What is blind touch?

A

Cannot feel stimuli, but can report their location

33
Q

Asymbolia for pain

A

Absence of normal reactions to pain

34
Q

Finger Agnosia

A

Unable to point to the fingers or show them to the examiner

35
Q

Apraxia

A

Movement disorder in which the loss of movement is not caused by weakness, inability to move, abnormal muscle tone, intellectual deterioration, poor comprehension, or other disorders of movement

36
Q

Dyscalculia

A

Difficulties with arithmetic

37
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A

Cannot copy serial movements

More likely to be associated with left parietal lesions

38
Q

Constructional Apraxia

A

Cannot copy pictures, build puzzles, or copy a series of facial movements
Associated with right and left parietal lesions

39
Q

Symptoms of Posterior Parietal Lobe Damage

A

Deficits in drawing appear after damage to the right parietal lobe
Spatial Attention
Function of the parietal lobe to selectively attend to different stimuli
Disengagement
-Shifting attention from one stimulus to the next

40
Q

Five distinct connections of temporal lobe

A 
Polymodal Pathway 
Medial Temporal Projection 
Frontal Lobe Projection 
Hierarchical Sensory Pathway 
Dorsal Auditory Pathway
41
Q

Hierarchical Sensory Pathway

A

Incoming Auditory and Visual Information

Stimulus Recognition

42
Q

Dorsal Auditory Pathway

A

From Auditory cortex to Posterior Parietal

Detection of spatial location/movement

43
Q

Polymodal Pathway

A

From Auditory and Visual Areas to the Polymodal Cortex

Stimulus Categorization

44
Q

Medial Temporal Projection

A

From Auditory and Visual Areas to the medial temporal lobe, limbic cortex, hippocampal formation, and amygdala
Long-term Memory

45
Q

Frontal Lobe Projection

A

Auditory and Visual Cortex to the Frontal Lobe
Movement Control
Short-term Memory
Affect

46
Q

Left and Right temporal lobes Connected Via:

A 
Corpus Callosum
Anterior Commissure (bundles of fibers that connect corresponding points)
47
Q

Cross-Modal Matching

A

Process of matching visual and auditory information

Depends on cortex of the superior temporal sulcus

48
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A

spatial memory

49
Q

Biological Motion

A

Movements relevant to a species
Allow us to guess others’ intentions
Social Cognition or “theory of mind”

50
Q

left temporal lobe function

A

Verbal memory

Speech processing

51
Q

right temporal lobe function

A

Nonverbal memory
Musical processing
Facial processing

52
Q

Anterograde Amnesia

A

Amnesia for events after bilateral removal of the medial temporal lobes

53
Q

Autonoetic Awareness

A

Self knowledge
Binding together the awareness of oneself as continuous through time
Ability to mentally place ourselves in the past, future, hypothetical situations, and help us analyze our own thoughts

54
Q

left frontal lobe function

A

Language

Encoding memories

55
Q

right frontal lobe function

A

Nonverbal movements, facial expression

Retrieving memories

56
Q

Corollary discharge or reafference

A

Internal neural signal that movement will occur

Frontal lobe damage disrupts corollary discharge

57
Q

Convergent thinking:

A

Only one answer to the question

58
Q

Divergent thinking:

A

Questions that ask for a variety of responses

59
Q

Recency memory

A

Tests memory for the order in which things have occurred

Frontal lobe patients show impairment on this task

60
Q

Orbitofrontal lesions cause

A

Reduce inhibitions and may introduce abnormal sexual behavior
Leads to deficits in identifying facial expressions

61
Q

Dorsolateral lesions cause

A

Reduce interest in sexual behavior

Neuropsychology (7 decks)

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