Test 2

Question 1

developmental psychology

Answer 1

a branch of psychology that studies pysical, cognitive and social change through the life span

Question 2

3 major issues in developmental psychology

Answer 2

nature vs nurture
continuity vs stages
stability vs change

Question 3

zygote

Answer 3

the fertilized egg; develops into an embryo

Question 4

embryo

Answer 4

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilizaiton through the second month

Question 5

fetus

Answer 5

the developing human organism from about 9 weeks after conception to birth

Question 6

teratogens

Answer 6

agents that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Question 7

fetal alcohol syndrome FAS

Answer 7

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking

Question 8

habituation

Answer 8

decreasing responsiviness with repeated simulation

Question 9

maturation

Answer 9

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

Question 10

critical period

Answer 10

an optional period early in life of an organism when exposure to certain stimulu or experiences produces normal development

Question 11

cognition

Answer 11

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

Question 12

schema

Answer 12

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 13

assimulation

Answer 13

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 14

accomodation

Answer 14

adopting our current understandings to incorporate new information

Question 15

sensormotor stage

Answer 15

infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impression and motor activities

out of sight out of mind

Question 16

object permanance

Answer 16

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not preceived

Question 17

preoperational stage

Answer 17

a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

glasses of milk

Question 18

conservation

Answer 18

properties such as mass, volume, and number reamin the same despite changes in the form of object

Question 19

egocentrism

Answer 19

preoperational child’s difficulty taking anohters point of view

Question 20

theory of mind

Answer 20

people’s ideas about their own and others mental states. about their feelings, perceptions and thoughts and the behaviors these might predict

Question 21

concrete operational stage

Answer 21

children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Question 22

formal operational stage

Answer 22

people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Question 23

adolescence

Answer 23

the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

Question 24

puberty

Answer 24

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.

Question 25

during puberity ___ is continuing to develop but ______ is behind.

Answer 25

frontal lobes and limbic system

Question 26

moral reasoning

Answer 26

the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong

Question 27

moral intuition

Answer 27

quick gut feelings

Question 28

moral action

Answer 28

actually executing the act

Question 29

proconventional morality

Answer 29

focuses on self-intrest

Question 30

postconventional morality

Answer 30

focuses on self defiened ethical principles

Question 31

conventional morality

Answer 31

focuses on upholding lawas and social rules

Question 32

infancy

Answer 32

trust vs misturst

Question 33

toddlerhood

Answer 33

autonomy vs shame

Question 34

preschool

Answer 34

initaitive vs guilt

Question 35

elementary

Answer 35

competence vs inferiority

Question 36

adolescence (_ vs _)

Answer 36

identity vs role confusion

Question 37

young adulthood

Answer 37

intamave bs isolation

Question 38

middle adulthood

Answer 38

generavity vs stagnation

Question 39

late adulthood

Answer 39

integrity vs despair

Question 40

identity

Answer 40

our sense of self according to Erkison the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles

Question 41

social identity

Answer 41

the 'we' aspect of our self-concept. the part of our answer to 'who am i?' that comes from our group memberships

Question 42

intimacy

Answer 42

ability to form close, loving relationships a primary developmental task in young adulthood

Question 43

selection effect

Answer 43

kids seek out peers with similar attitudes

Question 44

cross-sectional study

Answer 44

a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

Question 45

longitudinal study

Answer 45

research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period

Question 46

social clock

Answer 46

the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

Question 47

2 basic aspects that dominate adulthood

Answer 47

intamacy and genrativity

Question 48

perception

Answer 48

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events top-bottom

Question 49

sensation

Answer 49

the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system recieve and represent stimulus energies from our environment bottom-top

Question 50

bottom-up processing

Answer 50

analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information

Question 51

top-down processing

Answer 51

information processing guided by higher-level mental processes as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experiences adn expectations

Question 52

What 3 steps are basic to our sensory systems?

Answer 52

recieve, transform, deliever

Question 53

transduction

Answer 53

conversion of one form of energy into another.

Question 54

absolute thresholds

Answer 54

the minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Question 55

subliminal stimuli

Answer 55

signals below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness

Question 56

priming

Answer 56

the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associaitons, thus predisposing one's perception, memory , or response

Question 57

difference threshold

Answer 57

the minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time. We experience this just as a notiable difference increases with the size of stimulus

Question 58

Weber's law

Answer 58

states that for an average person to percieve a difference, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage not a constant amount

Question 59

sensory adaptation

Answer 59

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimuli freedom to focus on informative changes

Question 60

perceptual set

Answer 60

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another ex. tricky pictures - is the woman old or young?