Test 2 Flashcards
- Primary autism
1st month of life
- equivalent to freud’s primary narcissism
- no recognition of any external object that is the agent of satisfaction
- conditional hallucinatory omnipotence
- midway thru–beginning to recognize someone other that self exists
- but still very egocentric
- Normal symbiosis
2 months thru 4 months of age
- child’s autistic shell begins to crack (child is growing)
- still limited ability to differentiate between their efforts and the efforts of external agent to reduce tension
- very strong emotional attachment to mother
- child begins to experience mother as separate entity
- what is the significance of mother’s holding…feeding…touching…talking…smiling…have on the child? “I am a person of value and worth…or the opposite”
conditional hallucinatory omnipotence
“Unreal belief that i’m all powerful, i’m the sustaining person keeping myself alive”
- 1st sub-phase
differentiation and development of body image-5 thru 9 months
- hatching from shell-what is this? How does this differ from cracking? Coming out of shell
- child emerging as a perceptually aware individual
- early attempts to break away and separate from mother
- great deal of time exploring world
indiscriminant
- 0 to 5 months
- what is this? Willing to go to anybody, strangers, new people…
selective
- 5-10 months
- stranger anxiety-what is this? apprehension/anxiety when in presence of other people, hold onto mom when being given to other people, never take eyes off of stranger
Multiple attachments
> 10 months
-what is this? More willing to go to multiple people
secure attachment
- what are they? Level of comfort with others in the world
- how do they develop? consistency/ lack of love caring, nurturing …
- impact? Developing secure attachment, more willing to take chances, having a sense of hope, know that it is going to be okay
avoidant attachment
- difficulty attaching to other people
- fear of isolation
- envious jealous
- frequent promiscuous sexual relationships, sex=love
anxious ambivalent
- mom was caring sometimes and sometimes wasnt
- ”sometimes i feel good sometimes i dont”
- willingness to trust but then fear of betrayal/abandonment
- envious, jealousy
- sexual relations, love=sex
- feels the person getting too close and they pull away
- franks cat story
-4. Practicing sub-phase
10 thru 14 months
- what is happening during this time period? What is the child now able to do?
- language tremendous increases in language
- locomotion tremendous increase
- cognitive ability tremendous increases - ego is now capable of reality testing
- child now focuses on inanimate object-examples? Toys, play time, imagination
- but mother is still object of central focus mom is still the thing im attached to to
-5. Rapproachment
14 months - 2 years
- what is happening during this time period? What is the child now able to go? - >language-receptive and expressive - >locomotion - >cognitive ability-what does that allow for? - child becomes m0re aware of separation from mother - child now more independent - increased sensitivity to moms absence - how does child react to this? As i become more aware, i am ready to separate and it creates anxiety so i reconnect to mom again - approximately 21 months of age-oedipal crisis - mahler embraces the freudian model on this - splitting-what is it? What does it allow a child to do? Get out frustration
-6. Separation and individuation
2nd thru 4rd years
-emotional object constancy-what is it? For this to occur, what must be in place? Even tho moms not here, i know she still loves me wherever she is
- trust
- ego can now tolerate anxiety associated with separation and and can individuate… i am me… can deal with anxiety associated with separation, i can begin my own journey
Margaret Mahler
Bridge theorists between analytic and object relations theories-what does this mean?
- tied to drive reduction - embraces the importance of early mother/father/child interactions - Major areas of focus-attachment and separation - makes distinction between truly autistic children and symbiotically psychotic
autistic children
no ability to use mother as auxiliary ego
symbiotically psychotic children
attachment is too fused
most critical stage for ericcsons theory?
FIVE
ERIK ERICKSON
- freudian analyst-trained by anna freud
- psychosocial theory of development
- expands the functions and capacities of ego
- sometimes referred to as the creative ego
- trust…hope…autonomy…will…industry
- recognizes and stresses importance of social…historical…and cultural factors-how so?
- expands developmental process-when does development/growth end?
to have healthy development-what must occur?
Positive and negative aspect have to occur but positive has to be more dominant
virtue?
ego strengths
ritualization?
socially accepted forms of behaviors and interactions
ritualism?
rigid…perverted…negative forms of behaviors and interactions
weaning-what is it? Why is it important?
-mom leaving (work…another pregnancy/child…intimacy with partner…resumption of own life)
-what is the hazard if weaning is not handled properly?
Acute infantile depression
-state of mourning…reflecting on the better days
Stage 1- trust vs mistrust
1st year of life
mother/child interactions are critical
- virtue: hope-what is it?
- belief that losses, failure…etc…will not be overwhelming
- ritualization: numinous-what is it? Healthy reverence for mom, mom is an all special powerful being
- how is this seen? Feeding…holding…caring…touching…acceptance…etc
- what are potential outcomes of above?
- love…care…trust…etc
- if not?estrangement…abandonment…etc
- what are potential outcomes of above?
- how is this seen? Feeding…holding…caring…touching…acceptance…etc
- ritualism: idolism-what is it?
- idolatrous/hero like worship of another
stage 2-autonomy vs shame and doubt
2 years of life
- time to learn of the Do’s… donts…expectations…obligations…rights…privileges
- time of greater autonomy…freedom…exploration…how come?
- child learns to accept control from others… and to control self
- virtue-will
- strength to make decisions…assert self…etc
- ritualization judicious-what is it?
- child learns to differentiate between right and wrong… that which is or is not acceptable
- ritualism: legalism-what is it?
- victory of the letter of law over the spirit…punish others…humiliate others…etc… just for the pleasure of it…
stage 3: initiative vs guilt
3rd-5th years of life
- >language - >locomotion - >cognitive/perceptual abilities - >exploration of environment - >capacity to plan and establish goals - virtue: purpose-what is it? - courage to pursue goals uninhibited by fear of punishment and guilt
- Ritualization authenticity or dramatic-what is it?
- i am who i am… i can be what i want to be…
- ritualism: impersonation-what is it?
- presentation to other that which is not representative of true personality
Stage 4- industry vs inferiority
- danger/crisis-inferiority
- unwillingness to take chances/risks
- fear of failure
- virtue: competence-what is it? Completion of tasks unimpaired by feelings of inferiority
- ritualization: formality- what is it? Learning to perform tasks in a proper way
- ritualism: formalism- what is it? Empty…meaningless behaviors…activity…without purpose…
Stage 5- identity vs identity confusion (adolescence)
- failure of person to establish stable identity
- feelings of isolation…emptiness…anxiousness…indecisiveness…
- if negative identity is formed, sometimes adolescents make vindictive choices in an attempt to not only be harmful, but also to regain control
- virtue: fidelity-what is it?
- ability to sustain loyalties…
- what previous virtue is needed for this to be possible? Trust
- ritualization: ideology-what is it?
- incorporation of all previous ritualizations into a coherent set of ideals
- ritualism: totalism-what is it?
- total commitment to cause couple with the loss oneself
stage 6- intimacy vs isolation
person is prepared to unite identify with another
- seek partnerships - affiliation with others - intimacy with others
Virtue: Love-what is it?
-mutuality of devotion, forever subduing the antagonism associated with divided function-what does this mean? “You complete me”, there’s no completion until I make the connection
- ritualization: affiliative
- common purpose…shared activities…work…friendship…love
- ritualism: elitism-what is it? Not everyone is able to participate
- formation of exclusive groups
Stage 7- generativity vs stagnation
-characterized by a concern for what is generated
-products
-ideas
-progeny
-social interest over self interest most be able to sacrifice so children can have a good life
Virtue: care- what is it
-concern for others
-transmission of knowledge to the next generation-what is transmitted?
-ritualization: generational-what is it?
-roles that allow for the transmission of ideals to the next generation-how is this done?
-teaching
-healing
-parenthood everything you do should transport knowledge, care, nurturing to the children
-What value to the person does teaching others have?
-sense of being needed
-sense of being important and of value
-become less consumed by self-interest
-ritualism: authoritism-what is it?
-model of oppression and insensitivity instead of teacher of ideals and values
Stage 8- integrity vs despair
sense of my life has had meaning…
- I have cared...taught...produced...etc - virtue: wisdom-what is it? - concern for life in the face of death - ritualization: integral-what is it? - integration of all previous stages - recognition that my life has been one of importance I have added to the process of life - Ritualism: sapientism-what is it? - the unwise pretense of being wise- what does this mean? Lie to ourselves during the last parts of our life , has our life been in vain or has it been a fruitful one
Erikson-Oedipal crisis
embraces the freudian perspective with one change
-female resolution-not damaged, but rather a growing sense of competence because she has a most special role and responsibility…what is that? Women have a sense of value and worth because we are the life sustaining gender
first born/oldest
well intended until what? What impacts does this have? Intruder
Reflective of days passed…why?
-neurotics…criminals…drunkards
middle child
most well adjusted
- ambitious-why? Get the least attention, fighting for attention, just the middle kid - rebellious - envious - mediator - better adjusted of the children
youngest
- spoiled
- next to oldest they are most neurotic…maladjusted
only child
- rival-who? Girl child-mom, by child-dad
- spoiled
- demanding
