Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology of Personality > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Hysterical Neurosis

A

Anna O experienced physical symptoms…vision disturbances…paralysis…headaches… for no apparent reason.

Significance:

  • genesis of symptomology is the mind due to unresolved conflict
  • only women can feel this
  • free floating uterus
  • wherever the uterus located itself is where the symptoms were
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“talking cure”

A
  • form of verbal catharsis

- cleansing or purifying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chimney sweeping

A

emotional release from semi-hypnotic conversations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pseudocyesis

A

false pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Repression

A

abrupt and involuntary removal from awareness any threatening impulse/event

motivated amnesia of memories that are unacceptable to an individual’s conscious ethical standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Denial

A

Blocking of external events from entry into awareness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Projection

A

attribution to another person, one’s own unacceptable thoughts…feelings…behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reaction formation

A

transformation on unacceptable or anxiety producing impulses into their opposites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

identification with the regression

A

adopting the traits, beliefs, and mannerisms of a feared object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Displacement/displaced aggression

A

redirection of impulses, usually aggressive ones, onto a substitute target when the appropriate target is too threatening…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Introjection

A

incorporations into one’s own behavior and beliefs, the characteristics/traits of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Compensation

A

working hard to overcome or compensate a real or imagined weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intellectualization

A

focusing on non emotional details

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do all of the defense mechanisms have in common?

A

they are all unconscious and all try to modify reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anxiety

A

Emotional state that involves fear, worry, and physiological arousal

Generalized: Multiple causes, cannot specify what the cause is

Be sudden and overwhelming (panic attacks)

Manifest itself in the absence of the performance of a compulsive behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adjustment Reactions

A

Disruption to person due to a know stressor

-examples: being pulled over by a cop makes your level of anxiety increase to a know stressor. Afterwards, the known stressor has gone away so the anxiety goes away.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Anxiety Disorder

A

Characterized by high levels of anxiety and conflict

Person may not know the source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A
  • anxiety that is persistent across many situations and lasts for at least 6 months
  • anxiety is not linked to and particular stimuli, but constantly present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Consequences of anxiety

A

poor performance on exams… social withdrawal… personal discomfort… high blood pressure… etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Normal vs Abnormal anxiety

A

anxiety is considered normal and adaptive when it serves to improve peoples’ functioning or wellbeing. In contrast, abnormal anxiety is a chronic condition that impairs peoples’ functioning and interferes with their well-being.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Phobia (3)

A

-Persistent and irrational fears of specific objects, activities, or situations that have no justification in reality.

agoraphobia, social phobia, specific phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Individual avoids being away from home bc of a fear of being in situations in which escape might be difficult or embarrassing if panic symptoms occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Social Phobia

A

Person avoids only those situations in which they might come under the scrutiny of others.

Individuals avoid others bc of an irrational fear of behaving in an embarrassing way.

Demonstrate high levels of anxiety in social situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Specific phobias

A

all other phobias

Irrational persistent fear of specific objects or situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Are the relief symptoms of catharsis temporary or permanent?

A

if temporary, why? No resolution conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Obsessive - compulsive disorder

A

Recurrent obsessions or compulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

obsession

A

persistent idea, thought, image, or impulse that person cannot get rid of.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

compulsion

A

behavior that person is driven to perform over and over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Splitting

A

object split into two parts: good breast/bad breast

child divides breast into to , good breast feeds me, bad breast makes me feel anger.

child wants to keep good breast safe but show anger to the bad breast because mom is not always there to feed child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Posttraumatic stress disorder

A

person experienced or witnessed traumatic event in which physical injury or life was threatened

event persistently re-experienced (disturbing dreams, flashbacks)

Person avoids stimuli associated with trauma

generally heightened levels of arousal (trouble sleeping, irritability, concentrating, exaggerated startle response)

symptoms last longer than a month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Presence of troublesome and persistent character traits that place person in conflict with social environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

Feeling selfishness, aggressive, irresponsible behavior with a willingness to break the law, lie, cheat, or exploit others for personal gain

failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors

deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying for personal profit or pleasure

impulsivity…irritability and aggressiveness

reckless disregard for safety of self or others

lack of remorse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Histrionic personality disorder

A
  • pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
  • is uncomfortable in situations in which he or she is not the center of attention
  • interaction with others is often sexually seductive or provocative
  • shallow expression of emotions
  • shows self dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion
  • considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are
34
Q

Avoidance personality disorder

A
  • Long standing pattern of feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to what other people think about them, and social inhibition
  • is unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked
  • is preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations
  • is inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy
  • views him/herself as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others
35
Q

Dependent personality disorder

A
  • characterized by a pervasive fear that leads to “clinging behavior”
  • has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others
  • needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his or her life
  • has difficulty expressing disagreement with others
  • feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone
36
Q

Borderline states

A

episodic loss of contact withreality…delusions…hallucinations

37
Q

Paranoid personality disorder

A
  • pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives and interpreted as malevolent
  • suspects, without sufficient basis, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving him or her
  • is preoccupied with unjust doubts that loyalty and trustworthiness of friends or associates
  • reluctant to confide in others bc of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against him or her
  • reads hidden or demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events
  • has recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity or spouse or sexual partner
38
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A
  • Long standing pattern of grandiosity, an overwhelming need for admiration, and usually a complete lack of empathy toward others
  • Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (exaggerates achievements and talents)
  • is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, etc.
  • requires excessive admiration
  • strong sense of entitlement
  • exploits/takes advantage of others
39
Q

Mood disorders

A

depression and bi-polar disorder

40
Q

Depression

A
  • 12-17% of population suffer from depression
  • persistent problem that is likely to recur- relapse rate: 90%
  • prevalence of depression is increasing worldwide
  • symptoms: lowering of mood, feelings of sadness, hopelessness…discouraged, impaired memory, slowed thought processes
41
Q

Bipolar disorder

A
  • Swings in mood between depression and mania (manic-depressive)
    • symptoms:
    • euphoria…excited…excessively happy
    • increased self esteem
    • grandiosity
    • distractibility/shifting of attention (manic flight of ideas)
42
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • serious set of disorders that involve a decline in functioning, along with symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and/or disturbed thought processes which must persist for at least 6 months
  • auditory hallucinations are the most common
43
Q

defense mechanisms

A

something that kicks in when the ego is threatened with too much, tension, anxiety, or trauma

44
Q

countertransference

A

when the patient becomes a significant person in the analysist’s life. Reversed transference roll

45
Q

transference

A

describes a situation where the feelings, desires, and expectations of one person are redirected and applied to another person. Most commonly, transference refers to a therapeutic setting, where a person in therapy may apply certain feelings or emotions toward the therapist.

46
Q

Freud’s Radical Insight

A
  • Personality and sexuality are interrelated
  • person moves through 5 distinct stages of psychosexual development each of which has conflict and resolution that impact further development.
47
Q

free association

A

whatever comes to mind, free unedited speech

speaking without thinking

Results in increase of information from patients

48
Q

false connection

A

individuals are able to rearrange ideas into sequences that block conscious recognition of traumatic events / experiences / etc…

Mind has protective capacity to defend itself against anxiety… unacceptable thoughts… etc.

49
Q

Overdetermination

A

occurs when a single-observed effect is determined by multiple causes, any one of which alone would be sufficient to account for (“determine”) the effect.

50
Q

ID-First system of personality

A
  • no collective will
  • no judgements of right or wrong
  • no judgements of good or evil
  • governed by the pleasure principle
  • primary goal: immediate discharge of tension
  • wants what it wants…when it wants it…
51
Q

reflex action and primary process

A

unconscious efforts

hallucinating or forming an image of an object that would satisfy its needs

52
Q

What happens when the Id is unsuccessful in obtaining immediate gratification?

A

the Ego emerges

53
Q

Ego-Second system of personality

A
  • governed by the reality principle
  • mediator between person and world
  • mediator between id and superego
  • we learn delayed gratification-what is this?
  • primary goal: finds ways to satisfy Id’s needs without violation the values of the Superego
54
Q

secondary processes

A

The secondary process functions through the ego’s action of looking for an object in the real world that matches the mental image created by the id’s primary process.

In Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality, the secondary process discharges the tension between the ego and the id that is caused by unmet urges or needs.

55
Q

Superego-Final System of personality

A
  • Primary goal:
    • inhibit/deny id urges/impulses
    • strive for perfection
  • Represents societies restraints
  • moral agent of personality-what does this mean?
  • strives for perfect
  • makes judgements of right and wrong
56
Q

two components of the superego and how do they come to be?

A

ego ideal: the part of us that rewards us for doing something good or not doing something bad

conscience: composed of the rules for which behaviors are considered bad.

  • how do they come to be?
    • introjection/internalization of societies rules, laws, norms, values, etc. etc. etc
57
Q

How does the superego accomplish its goal?

A
  • reward person for moral behavior

- punish person for unacceptable thoughts, deeds, and actions….

58
Q

1st stage: Oral

A

-from birth thru approx. 18 months

59
Q

1st stage: Oral

A
  • from birth thru approx. 18 months
  • where is libido? Mouth
  • primary source of pleasure is derived from oral cavity…
  • Pleasure and anger expressed orally
60
Q

2nd stage: anal

A
  • 18 months- 3 years old
  • major issue-toileting
  • child learns conformity…
  • control-self and by others
  • with it comes privilege…freedom…responsibility
  • positive outcomes: productivity…generosity…creativity…child moves toward self-mastery and competence
  • negative outcomes: obsessive…compulsive…orderly…stingy…obstinate
  • society must win, but it cannot destroy my will
  • mom and dad know what’s best for me
  • how does child express anger…defiance…etc?: anally=how so? Mom pissed you off? Going to “poop mom off”
61
Q

3rd stage: phallic

A
  • 3 to ⅚ years of age
  • realization that there is a difference between little boys and little girls
  • what it means to be a man as opposed to what it means to be a woman
  • desires mom, dad Is in the way
  • castration anxiety (notices girls don’t have penises)
62
Q

3rd stage: phallic

A
  • 3 to ⅚ years of age
  • realization that there is a difference between little boys and little girls
  • what it means to be a man as opposed to what it means to be a woman
  • desires mom, dad Is in the way, identifies with dad but ends up switching object choice to someone outside of the family
  • castration anxiety (notices girls don’t have penises)
63
Q

Female child vs male child

A
  • Penis envy-power…privilege…associated with those that have one…
    • blames mom for not having a penis, its the mom’s fault
    • whoever has a penis has power and privilege
  • Why is she so attached to father? What does she gain from that relationship
    • attached to dad because he has a phallus
    • begins to experience what life would be like if she had a phallus/ was a man
  • Resolution:
    • identification=mom
    • object choice=dad
    • reaffirms heterosexual orientation (sitting between them)
64
Q

4th stage: Latency

A

-6 years of age to puberty

Strong sexual urges become dormant? Why
-Superego-shame…disgust…guilt…

  • What happens to urges/ drives?
    • channeled into other arenas
65
Q

5th stage: genital

A
  • puberty through adulthood
  • Reemergence of sexual impulses
  • Focus-Relationships…Vocational interests…etc…etc…etc
  • Final outcome-transformation of narcissistic infant to the socialized adult
66
Q

Engaging the child’s self interest

A

the child doesn’t want to be there, thinks that they could be doing something other than being there

children like to play games, would make them want to go back there more

67
Q

Making the child analyzable?-3 preparatory phases

A

Engaging the child’s self interest
Establishing the analysts Usefulness
Establishing the Analysts power and the child’s vulnerability

68
Q

Establishing the Analysts power and the child’s vulnerability

A
  • have to recognize that you are the patient and he or she is the adult, they are not peers
  • help talks to parents to lessen punishment
  • he/she is seen as a person with power
69
Q

fixation

A

when person is stick at a stage in which they were wither over or under gratified

70
Q

If a child Is over gratified what can happen?

A

the child may become too dependent

71
Q

What are the 4 processes of dreams?

A

condensation
displacement
visual representation
secondary revision

72
Q

condensation

A

condensing something, making it smaller and more manageable

73
Q

displacement

A

replacing one idea with another, false connections the minds ability to rearrange ideas so they are not accessible

74
Q

visual representation

A

the transformation of abstract concepts into visual images

75
Q

secondary revision

A

to take all the information that has been edited and put it into a coherent form so it makes sense

76
Q

Who was the father of Ego Psychology?

A

Heinz

77
Q

This patient of freud’s helped develop free association, false connection, and overdetermination

A

Frau Emmy

78
Q

Freud’s patient who was devoted to her father, goes for a walk with her boyfriend, comes back father is dead, she becomes consumes with guilt and begins to feel the symptoms of her father

A

Fraulen Elizabeth

79
Q

attachment of emotional energy onto an object or idea

A

cathexis

80
Q

an attachment of emotions onto oneself. expression of an emotional impulse to

A

anti-cathexis

81
Q

conflict free sphere

A

with regard to ego psychology, a region of the ego that grows and operates without producing interior discord. Commonly referred to as the conflict-free area.

CONFLICT-FREE SPHERE: “Most people have no problems, even in adolescence, with the conflict-free sphere of their ego.”

82
Q

defense mechanism

A

something that kicks in when the ego is threatened with too much, tension, anxiety, or trauma

Psychology of Personality (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions