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Equine Breeding > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is day 0

A

Ovulation

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2
Q

what is ovulation

A

release of an egg from an ovary

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3
Q

when does ovulation occur

A

24 hours before the end of estrus

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4
Q

what happens in days 3-5

A

the CH (Corpus Hemmoragicum) turns to a CL (Corpus Luteum)

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5
Q

what happens in day 14-16

A

diestrus occurs

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6
Q

what is diestrus

A

when the mare is not able to be impregnated aka the progesterone is high and estrogen is low

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7
Q

what are the 5 types of cells

A 
1. primordial 
2 primary
3 secondary
4 tertiary 
5 dominant
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8
Q

what are the hormones

A 
estrogen E2 
progesterone P4 
gonadotropin releasing hormone GNRH 
leutenizing hormone LH 
follical stimulatin hormone FSH 
Prostoglandin F2a  PGF2a
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9
Q

what is estrogen

A

it is produced by a dominant follical

its responsible for estrus

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10
Q

what does estrus do

A

it opens the cervix and makes the mare receptive to be bred

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11
Q

what are the three follicular changes was ovulation approches

A

the uterus changes shape
it develops a luteal ring
the follicular fluid gets cloudy

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12
Q

what is the purpose of the cervix

A

its the natural barrier that protects from bacteria

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13
Q

what does an inncrease in progesterone cause

A

diestrus - no breeding

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14
Q

how does the cervix change during the estrus cycle

A

when its open shes in estrus

when its closed shes in diestrus

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15
Q

what hormones cause the cervix to change

A

estrogen opens it

progesterone closes it

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16
Q

what do you use to examine the mare?

A

a speculum

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17
Q

signs to breed your mare

A

showing signs of estrus
has a large follicle on her ovary that is starting to show signs of ovulating
her cervix is open

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18
Q

pros of AI

A

genetic variation
controlled breeding date
its safer
the stud can cover more mares

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19
Q

cons of AI

A

expensive
labor intensive
reduced fertility

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20
Q

what is a breedable dose of semen?

A

1 billion sperm and 250-500 MILLION PROGRESSIVELY MOTILE SPERM

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21
Q

how do you calculate a breedable dose

A

PMMN’s volume*Concentration * progressively motile * morphological normal

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22
Q

what is a mornal breeding dose

A

10-50 ml
1-1 extended fro on farm insemination
3-1 for cooled and shipped semen

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23
Q

what equipment is needed for AI

A 
Sterile gloved 
non spermacidal lube 
pipette 
semen 
mare handler ect
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24
Q

what is differeent in AI and live cover

A

AI you go through the uterus to the cervix stud wont go in the uterus
live cover

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25
Q

what is progesterone

A

P4
Produced by the CL
no hormone diestrus and it maintains pregnancy

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26
Q

what is FSH

A

produced by pituitary gland

responsible for follicular growth and development

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27
Q

what do follicles do

A

grow and develop through the estrus cycle until ovulation

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28
Q

when does the luteal phase start

A

at ovulation and ends at PGF2a which leads to leutialisis

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29
Q

when is the follicular phase

A

before and after ovulation

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30
Q

what is leutialisis - luteal licing

A

the destruction of the CL which occurs at the end of the luteal ohase

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31
Q

what does the follicular phase consist of

A

the growth and development of follicles

there is an increase of estrogen

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32
Q

what does the luteal phase consist of

A

increase in progesterone from the CL

33
Q

what is the lutenizing hormone

A

its produced by the anterior pituitary gland and it is responsible for ovulation

34
Q

what is PGF2a

A

produced by the non pregnant uterus

responsible for lysis of the CL and the return for estrus

35
Q

what is anestrus

A

complete abscence of estrus

36
Q

what are mares

A

seasonally polyestrus

37
Q

how long does the cycle last

A

21 days on average

38
Q

what are the Gonadotropins

A

FSH LH

39
Q

what is produced if pregnancy isn’t detected by day 14 t

A

PGF2a to create the lycing of the CL

causes a contraction of smooth muscle

40
Q

what are the options for breeding

A

pasture, hand and AI

41
Q

who do you need for a stallion collection

A

handler for both horses washer bucket holder and an av tech and spotter

42
Q

three most important characteristics for an av

A

temperature pressure and lube

43
Q

diffrence between missouri and the colorado av

A

missouri is lighter and easy to manuver but it looses temp

colorady is heavy and bulky

44
Q

semen evaluation

A

ejaculate volume
gel free volume
concentration
progressive motility

45
Q

normal levels

A 
ejaculate volume 70 ml 
gel free vol 30-60 ml 
sperm concentration 100-400 X 10 ^6ml 
total sperm 7-10 billion
motility greater than 60% 
Morphology greater than 60% normal
46
Q

four major things about semen handling

A 
1. avoid temp fluctuations 
2 avoid 
uv exposure 
3 evaluate it quickly 
4 extend it quickly
47
Q

what is the gross appearance of semen

A

watery opaque and near white

48
Q

what does the gel fraction do

A

acts as a block and will attempt to seal the cervix acts as a spermacide

49
Q

why do we care about the gel volume

A

tells you how many breedable doses you can get from one collection

50
Q

what is the normal sperm concentration

A

100-400 X 10^6 ml

51
Q

what is the total sperm number

A

the determination of total sperm number (Semen volume * concentration )

52
Q

what is gross motility

A

alive and moving but but not doing anything theyre usually circling

53
Q

progressive motility

A

the sperm that get your horse pregnant they ones with a mission

54
Q

head of sperm

A

contains nucleus and acromosone

55
Q

acromosome

A

contains enzymes required for fertilization

56
Q

nucleus

A

the dna

57
Q

neck

A

connects head and tail

58
Q

midpiece

A

produces tail movement

59
Q

principal piece

A

moves for propulsion

60
Q

abnormalities

A

if you have a sample under 70% don use it

61
Q

PMMN’s

A

Progressively motile,
Morphological Normal Sperm
VOLUME X CONCENTRATION X PROPORTION MOTILE X PROPORTION MORPHOLOGICAL NORMAL

62
Q

what is teasing

A

exposing a mare to a stud to see if she is in estrus

63
Q

teasing methods

A 
stallion in a box
 tease chute 
pasture teasing
in pen teasing 
stall side teasing
64
Q

signs of estrus

A 
standing heat 
winking
squatting 
vocalizing 
interested in stud 
showing the vulva lifting tail
65
Q

signs of diestrus

A

pinned ears
clamped tail
refusal to approach stud
striking out

66
Q

0 score

A

rejection of resense

67
Q

1 score

A

not agressive but nit interested in stud

68
Q

2 score

A

shows interest but its slow

69
Q

3 score

A

more interest might show signs of estus winking and urination

70
Q

4 score

A

intense interest standing heat continued winking and urination

71
Q

dominant follicle

A

high estrogen low progesterone

72
Q

What is the breedable on farm dose

A

500 million

73
Q

What is the breedable shipping dose

A

1000 million or one billion they’re the same

74
Q

How do you figure out how many mares you can breed from a single dose

A

Take your total PMS what is volume concentration and percentage multiplied together then you take that number and you divide it by the breedable dose

75
Q

On farm breeding ratio

A

1:1

76
Q

Off farm ratio

A

3:1

77
Q

What is the minimum amount of semen and extender for on farm

A

10ml

78
Q

What is the minimum shipping dosage

A

40ml

Equine Breeding (3 decks)

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