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Equine Breeding > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

when do we inseminate and why

A

24 hours after ovulation because she is in estrus

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2
Q

when do we know the mare is receptive to the stud

A

tease score of 4-5

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3
Q

what is the cervix

A

natural barrier and it protects from bacteria

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4
Q

how is her cervix when she is ready to breed

A

open

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5
Q

what is teasing

A

introducing mare and stud to see if she is receptive to him though the use of body language

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6
Q

what are the three changes you want to see on the ultrasound

A
  1. wagon wheel shape
    2 fluid changes and gets cloudy
    3 the luteal ring forms
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7
Q

how big do you want the dominant follicle to be before breeding

A

40-50 mm at least

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8
Q

how many hours before the end of estrus does ovulation take place

A

24 hours

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9
Q

how many times do we inseminate in an ideal world

A

twice, once before and once after or 12 hours apart hoping to catch the window of ovulation

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10
Q

how do you increase the chance of having a colt vs a filly

A

the lighter sperm is male and you meed to breed as close to ovulation as possible because you want the egg at the highest point in the oviduct

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11
Q

why are male sperm lighter

A

males only have the X chromosome and females have XY therefore they’re heavier

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12
Q

what are the 5 steps in a BSE

A
  1. verify ID
  2. know the history including repro
  3. general physical eval
  4. repro eval
  5. ancillary tests
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13
Q

how do you verify the ID

A

check tattoos and markings ect.

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14
Q

what do you want to know about the repro history

A

if they have any deformities like princesses uterus

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15
Q

what do they check in the general exam

A

overall health of animal and if they have STD’s

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16
Q

what is checked in the repro exam

A

whether they’re fertile or if they have any cysts or unnatural edema

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17
Q

what does a ancillary test check in studs

A

penile fossa and urethral culture

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18
Q

what does a ancillary test check in mares

A

uterine biopsy and cultures

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19
Q

what is a satisfactory breeder

A 
free of undesirable defects 
no STD's 
willing and able to breed
normal semen quality adn output 
ejaculate 1 billion PMMN's
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20
Q

what is the other name for caslick

A

vulvoplasty

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21
Q

why do we do caslicks

A

if mare has poor perineal conformation

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22
Q

examples of poor perineal conformation

A

recessed rectum, tears in the vulva

open vulva

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23
Q

what does a recessed rectum lead to

A

manure contamination

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24
Q

what is bad about having an open vulva

A

air and bacteria get in and causes a breeding ground for bacteria

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25
Q

what can you do before a caslick to fix the poor conformation

A

fatten them up to increase the body score in hopes it fixes the solution

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26
Q

what is a risk factor of the caslick

A

endometritis

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27
Q

what suture pattern is used in a caslick and why

A

ford interlocking stitch so that it reduces pressure points

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28
Q

what does the stitch look like

A

L’s

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29
Q

how long is normal equine gestation

A

340 days

30
Q

when is a foal a preemie

A

320 days or less

31
Q

how does the vulva change before foal

A

relaxes and opens, area between vulva and anus relaxes

32
Q

how does the tail head change before foal

A

it relaxes and it is not covered in fat or muscle so it very prominant

33
Q

how does the muscles and tendons change before foal

A

water bed butt they look angular

34
Q

how does the abdominal shape change before foal

A

they drop they look slab sided and they look triangle shaped and ribby

35
Q

what is the hormone produces by the fetus

A

relaxin

36
Q

what is relaxin

A

polypeptide hormone produced by fetus

37
Q

how do the mammary glands develop

A

they build a bag and it fills up with milk

38
Q

what is the milk test score corrolated with a baby

A

200 ppm usually means 24-48 hours

39
Q

what is waxing

A

when colostum builds up on the teats and hardens

40
Q

what are some behavioral signs mare might foal

A

colic symptoms, discomfort, going off feed and isolation

41
Q

who initiates partuition

A

fetus

baby decides day mom decides time

42
Q

when does the foal decide when they want out

A

theres no room which increases fetal cortisol which sends signals to mom
also the diving position

43
Q

what hormones affect partuition

A

progesterone- decreases no longer maintaining pregnancy
estrogen- increases to cause contractions
PGF2a- stops the progesterone
oxytocin- helps cause contractions
calciu- helps prevents muscle exhaustion

44
Q

what does an increase in estrogen cause

A

contractions

45
Q

what does PGF2a do

A

stops the progesterone that is maintaining the pregnancy

46
Q

what hormone helps with contractions

A

oxytocin

47
Q

what hormone helps prevent muscle exaustion

A

calcium

48
Q

what are the three stages of partuition

A

pre labor
expulsion
cleaning/ delivery of placenta

49
Q

when does stage 1 start and end

A

start: intital with uterine contractions
end: water breaking

50
Q

when does stage 2 start and end

A

Start: Broken water
End: foal on ground

51
Q

how long should expulsion take

A

10-30 mins with constant progress

52
Q

what happens when the water breaks

A

its the rupture of the chorioallatonic membrane at the vertical star aka release of amniotic fluid

53
Q

how long do you have to save a red bag foal

A

less than ten mins once they red bad they have no oxygen

54
Q

what is the start adn end of stage 3

A

Start: foal on the ground
end: when all fetal membranes are expelled

55
Q

what do you never do with the membranes

A

PULL

56
Q

what is another work for delivering the placenta

A

Cleaning

57
Q

how long should it take to clean/ deliver the placenta

A

no more than 3 hours if longer call vet

58
Q

what happens if the placenta is retained

A

sepsis and death

59
Q

what can you do to help deliver the placenta

A

give ocytocin for contraction and flush out mare

60
Q

what is the 123 rule

A

stand by hour 1
nurse by hour 2
clean by hour 3

61
Q

why is the 123 rule important

A

its a guideline to see if everything is running smoothly

62
Q

when is colostrum needed

A

by hour 2

63
Q

what does colostum do

A

gives IGG antibodies and it acts as a laxative to get meconium out

64
Q

what is meconium

A

sticky black and tar like fisrt thing that foal will pass

65
Q

what do you do if your foal does not pass meconium

A

fleet enema

66
Q

what will happen if you foal doesnt pass meconium

A

colic and or death

67
Q

what can happen if fetal membranes are retained

A

death and sepsis

68
Q

how can you check if the whole placenta was delivered

A

fill it with water it shouldnt leak if it does youre missing a piece

69
Q

what do you use to clean the chord stump

A

iodine or chlorhexadine

70
Q

what are th negatives about iodine cleaning

A

its harsh on skin

71
Q

what is the negative about chlorhexadine cleaning

A

will need to be dome more frequently

Equine Breeding (3 decks)

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