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18-001 Test 2 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 Generic Classifications of DoD Software Systems

A

i. Weapons Systems – software is embedded in the weapon system; performs highly specific functions
ii. Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) - decision support for commanders
iii. Defense Business Systems (DBS) - used for routine administrative applications

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2
Q

What type of contract has the highest risk?

A

Cost based

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3
Q

Which type of contract has the lowest risk?

A

Fixed Base

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4
Q

Small business set asides at what dollar value?

A

$3,000-150K

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5
Q

At what percentage of a small business must be owned by socio/economically disadvantaged personnel

A

a. Small Disadvantaged Business – 51% unconditionally owned by 1+ individuals who are both socially/economically disadvantaged
b. Women-Owned small businesses – 51%
c. Service-Disabled Veteran Owned Small Business program – 51%
d. HUBZone – 35% employees reside in HUBZone

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6
Q

Define a System

A

Aggregation of end and enabling products

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7
Q

5Ms of Manufacturing?

A

a. Material – all raw materials that are needed to produce the parts/assemblies for the system and for the production equipment itself.
b. Method - the method that raw materials are formed, shaped and held together
c. Machinery – varies in types, particularly in terms of the volume of production. Robotics and automated machines differ from those requiring a dedicated operator
d. Manpower – The utilization of people
e. Measurement – The systems needed to measure things; provide precision and accuracy in the manufacturing process

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8
Q

Why do we use the 5Ms?

A

To ensure the design can produce a uniform, defect, reproducible product

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9
Q

Define Risk

A

A measure of future uncertainties in achieving program technical performance goals within defined cost and schedule constraints

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10
Q

Configuration Baseline

A

formally documents design requirements at different levels of detail; defines an item’s functional and physical characteristics

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11
Q

Functional Baseline –

A

overall system performance req’ts including interfaces

b.

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12
Q

Allocated Baseline –

A

functional specifications; performance characteristics of specific configuration items, including form, fit, function

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13
Q

Product Baseline –

A

Item detail specifications. Process and procedure material details, technical documentation

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14
Q

Who is responsible for the product baseline

A

The Contractor

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15
Q

What are the three components of risk?

A

a. a future root cause
b. a probability or likelihood of that future root cause occurring
a. Consequences of that future root cause.

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16
Q

What is the ideal Leadership style for IPT?

A

Team

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17
Q

What type of Quality Management Process must contractors have?

A

Contractor must have a quality management process but the contractor defines the process (must meet Government objectives)
a. Third party certification/registration of process is not required

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18
Q

6 Ethical Core Values

A

a. Trustworthiness
b. Respect
c. Responsibility
d. Fairness
e. Caring
f. Citizenship

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19
Q

Define Ethics

A

set of behavioral standards for a group of people or society or as standards of conduct that shape one’s behavior with respect to moral duties and obligations

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20
Q

What are WBS Categories? How Many are there?

A

11;

i. Aircraft
ii. Electronic/Automated Software
iii. Missile
iv. Ordnance
v. Ship
vi. Space
vii. Surface Vehicle
viii. Unmanned Air Vehicle
ix. Unmanned Maritime Systems
x. Launch Vehicle Systems
xi. Automated Information Systems

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21
Q

What are WBS Category Elements? How Many?

A

10;

i. Integration, assembly, test, and checkout efforts
ii. Systems engineering/program management
iii. System test and evaluation
iv. Training
v. Data
vi. Peculiar support equipment
vii. Common support equipment
viii. Operational/site activation
ix. Industrial facilities (construction, conversion or expansion)
x. Initial spares and repair parts

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22
Q

What is an output of system engineering

A

Work Breakdown System

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23
Q

What is a WBS used for?

A

planning logistics, establishing schedules, tracking cost and predicting variations.

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24
Q

What does a Functional WBS ask?

A

What must it do?

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25
Q

Two types of WBS?

A

Product & Functional

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26
Q

What are the two type of product WBS’ and who is resonsible for them? At what level?

A

a. Program
i. Developed by the gov’t
ii. Entire wbs for the program
iii. Consists of the first three levels
b. Contract
i. Developed by the contractor (4th level- “n”)
ii. Compete wbs for the contract
iii. Contains lowest reporting level agreed upon in the contract

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27
Q
  1. What type of testing is normally conducted on those tasks performed at field level and some sustainment level by User representatives?
A

Logistical Demonstration

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28
Q

who reports to the USD for operational testing?

A

DOT&E ( Director, Operational Test & Evaluation) – principal staff assistant and senior advisor to the SECDEF on operational test and evaluation (OT&E) in the DoD.

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29
Q

Army Evaluation Center (AEC)

A

independent evaluations, assessments and experiments in order to provide essential information to decision-makers

30
Q

Operational Test Command-

A

plans conducts and reports operational tests, assessments and experiments

31
Q

ATEC (Army Test and Evaluation Command) –

A

plans conducts and integrates developmental testing, ind. Evaluations, assessments and experiments to provide essential information to decision makers

32
Q

Who develops the TEMP?

A

Prepared by PM in conjunction with Test Integration Working Group (TIWG) members

33
Q

What are the 5 Top level design goals?

A

a. Ease of Fabrication
b. Multiuse
c. Ease of Assembly - #1 driver of labor costs
d. Minimum # parts
e. Maximum Common parts

34
Q

What are the three leadership styles?

A

i. Supervisory – tends to be directive.
ii. Participative –
iii. Team Leadership – ideal style for most IPT leaders

35
Q

What are production problems and major causes?

A

a. Unstable Rates and Quantities – changes in rates/quantities of production can lead to lowered efficiency
b. Design Instability – when design changes, the 5Ms often change and manufacturing planning is reset to 0.
c. Undue emphasis on Schedule – holding fast to schedule/IOC date when there is an excessively high or unknown manufacturing risk is asking for trouble
d. Inadequate Configuration Management System – not knowing which design to produce; creating the wrong thing
e. Inattention to Environmental Impacts – prime/sub contractors could be shut down due to changes in environmental laws

36
Q

Key Elements of risk management

A

a. Risk Identification;
b. Risk Analysis
c. Risk Mitigation Planning;
d. Risk Mitigation Plan Implementation
e. Risk Tracking.

37
Q

How is risk mitigated?

A

a. Avoiding – risk by eliminating the root cause and/or the consequences; changing some aspect of the program to eliminate the root cause and/or the consequence of the risk
b. Controlling – the cause or consequence; reduce the probability that a risk root cause occurs and/or the severity of the impact if it does occur
c. Transferring – the risk; involves re-allocating the risk from one part of the system to another or redistributing risks between the gov’t and the prime
d. Assuming - the level of risk and continuing on the current program plan; acknowledge the existence of a particular risk root cause and make a conscious decision to accept the level of risk associated with it without identifying and applying any special risk mitigation efforts.

38
Q

What does a milestone chart do?

A

Milestone chart - depicts information about significant project events, focusing on specific points in time.

39
Q

What are the different types of schedules?

A

a. Gantt – used to provide information concerning activities or tasks. Shows start/finish dates for activity and may provide information about task progress
b. Milestone – depicts information about significant project events focusing on specific points in time.
i. Milestone Charts: depicts information about significant project events, focusing on specific points in time.
c. Network – graphic portrayal of the activities and events in a project, the relationship between those activities and the sequence in which they occur
i. Critical Path Method uses a single time estimate. The estimate is the time planned for the activity under normal conditions and approximates the “most likely” time estimate.
1. The critical path is the longest path through the network (the path with the greatest sum of task time durations). Any delay in tasks along the critical path will result in a delay in the overall project time. There is no slack in these tasks
d. Production -

40
Q

Which schedule type is time focused

A

Milestone

41
Q

Which schedule type is most detailed

A

Network

42
Q

Define Critical Path

A

the longest path through the network (the path with the greatest sum of task time durations). Any delay in tasks along the critical path will result in a delay in the overall project time. There is no slack in these tasks

43
Q

Responsiveness to change?

A

the key is to reduce reaction time to changes such as new customer requirements, technology, and market demand

44
Q

Costs of Quality?

A

a. Prevention – money spent on avoiding problems, such as utilizing process proofing. Ideally, prevention should make up about 50% of the cost of achieving quality
b. Appraisal – money spent looking for errors through testing and inspection. Approx 35% of the cost of achieving quality
c. Correcting Failures – money spent correcting errors, often in the form of rework or repair. Approx. 15% of the total cost of achieving quality

45
Q

Which Schedule/plan is event based?

A

Integrated master plan

46
Q

5 steps scheduling process

A

i. Identify the tasks;
ii. Sequence the tasks;
1. Lead:
a. Allows an activity to start before the predecessor activity is complete.
b. A lead allows an acceleration of a successor activity
2. Lag:
a. A lag directs a delay in a successor activity.
iii. Estimate the task duration,
iv. Construct the schedule,
v. Implement the schedule

47
Q

Process Proofing

A

Proving that the design can actually produce a product that meets customer functional requirements in a realistic, “factory floor” type situation.

48
Q

Program Unique Specifications

A

This is a type of program-unique specification that describes the requirements and verification of the requirements for a combination of elements that must function together to produce the capabilities required to fulfill a mission need, including hardware, equipment and software.

49
Q

Derived Requirement

A

A requirement that isn’t explicitly written out yet must be satisfied in order to provide a complete system solution

50
Q

8 Technical Management Processes

A

a. Technical Planning
b. Requirements Management
c. Interface Management
d. Risk Management
e. Configuration Management
f. Technical Data Management
g. Technical Assessment
a. Decision Analysis

51
Q

8 Technical Processes

A

a. Design
i. Stakeholder Requirements Definition
ii. Requirements Analysis
iii. Architecture Design
b. Realization
i. Implementation or
ii. Integration,
iii. Verification
iv. Validation
v. Transition

52
Q

What MIL-STD was mandatory for system engineering and what replaced it?

A

MIL-STD 499A used to be the mandatory standard used for DoD Systems Engineering. It has be cancelled and replaced with EIA 632 and IEEE 1220.

53
Q

Every system is and end product and a set of _____ products

A

Enabling

54
Q

Define systems engineering

A

disciplined problem-solving approach used for the design, realization, technical management, operations and retirement of a system

55
Q

How are government and industry product development goals and processes related?

A

Both industry and the DoD have similar goals in product development and share key Systems Engineering processes.

56
Q

lean management

A

controls costs and meets the customer requirements more effectively

57
Q

Principals of Lean Management

A

a. Minimization of waste: inefficient layouts, defective equipment, inefficient production or assembly processes, excess inventory
b. Responsiveness to change: the key is to reduce reaction time to changes such as new customer requirements, technology, and market demand

58
Q

Define Phase

A

logical means of translating broad capability needs into well defined system specific requirement ultimately into operationally effective, suitable, and survivable systems

59
Q

Subsystems of major components must _______ with the major component.

A 
Interface
Interface (definition) - refers to the functional and physical characteristics required to exist at a common boundary between two or more systems, end products, enabling products or subsystems
60
Q

What is the purpose of test and evaluation?

A

help reduce or manage risks in development, acquisition and utilization

61
Q

Operational Testing

A

helps determine system operational suitability and effectiveness, and it addresses Critical Operational Issues (COIs) that are defined by the User.

62
Q

Intermediate Schedule

A

tie (or roll up) the detailed tasks in the detailed schedules to the key events and milestones in the master schedule(s), and provide traceability between the two levels.

63
Q

WBS Level 2

A

Major Elements of the defense materiel item, such as hardware, software elements, program management, training, data, etc.

64
Q

Decision Making Models

A

a. Consequentalism/ Utilitarianism – end justifies the means as long as the greater good is served
b. The Golden Rule – “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”
c. Kant’s Absolute Moral Duties – “Higher truths” are not flexible and there are no exceptions

65
Q

Developmental Testing

A
  1. Essential in determining a system’s readiness and safety for Initial Operational Test and Evaluation (IOT&E).
66
Q

Item Specification

A

This is a type of program-unique specification that describes the form, fit and function and method for acceptance of end products (e.g., parts, components and other items that are elements of a system model).

67
Q

System Engineering Plan

A

is the Government’s foundation plan for Systems Engineering activities planned for use on a project

68
Q

System Engineering Master Plan

A

is the Contractor’s foundation plan for Systems Engineering activities planned for use on a project

69
Q

Risk Tracking

A

answers the question “How are things going?” by:

a. Communicating risk to all affected stakeholders
b. Monitoring risk mitigation plans
c. Reviewing regular status update

70
Q

Embedded

A

Has the software built into the weapon system

71
Q

Configuration Management Functions

A
  1. Identification
  2. Control
  3. Status Accounting
  4. Audit
72
Q

Interface Management

A

involves the control and definition of the boundaries at which product subsystems come into contact with other components of the system

18-001 Test 2 (10 decks)

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