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Tri 4 - Radiography > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: energy does not vanish, it changes - transits from one state to another

A

TRUE

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2
Q

xrays are a type of _____ energy

A

electromagnetic energy

along with radiowaves, microwaves, UV, infrared

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3
Q

the imaging system creates electromagnetic energy by converting ______ to ______

A

electrical energy to xray photons

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4
Q

_____ is energy in transit

A

radiation

in the form of waves or particles

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5
Q

what intercepts/absorbs with radiation then the radiation is said to be exposed

A

matter

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6
Q

radiation when an electron is removed from its orbital

A

ionization

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7
Q

reduced with negative charge electron and positively charged atom

A

ion pair

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8
Q

what 3 rays/lights are capable ionizing matter

A

xray

gamma ray

UV light

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9
Q

what 6 waves/light are not capable of ionizing matter

A

microwave

radiowave

UV

radar

cell phone

ultrasound

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10
Q

radiation:

short freq vs long freq

A

short freq - greater energy

long freq - less energy

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11
Q

natural sources of radiation

A

radon and cosmic

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12
Q

man made radiation

A

medical imaging

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13
Q

____ rays are particulate radiation

A

cosmic

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14
Q

what is the largest natural radiation

A

radon gas

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15
Q

who created the xray and when did he do it

A

willhelm roentgen

Nov 8, 1895

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16
Q

x ray properties

A

no charge

penetrate most matter dependent on atomic number

ionization and biological effect

make compound fluoresce and emit light

travel at speed of light

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17
Q

what are the 3 major components of the imaging system

A

xray tube

operating console

high voltage generator

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18
Q

xrays are emitted ______ or in all directions

A

isotropically

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19
Q

negative end of the xray tube composed of heat resistant filament made of thoriated tungsten

A

cathode

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20
Q

______ : initially low electrical current heats the filament - when the temp becomes high enough the electrons boil off and are ejected from the filament - ______

A

filament current

thermionic emission

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21
Q

most electrons emitted by the cathode are driven back by repulsion of the cloud of electrons

A

space charge effect

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22
Q

cathodes filaments are embedded in _____, accelerates electron beam towards the anode target known as the focal spot

A

metal focusing cup

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23
Q

focusing cup is ____ charged

A

negatively

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24
Q

area of anode surface which receives the beam of electrons from the cathode

A

focal spot

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25
Q

all electrons accelerated from ___ to ___ are negatively chargd

A

cathode to anode

26
Q

2 focal spots on anode corresponding to large or small filament of cathode

A

dual focus

27
Q

_____mA or more is used for large body part

A

400

28
Q

_____mA or less is used for smaller body parts

A

400

29
Q

_____ is the positive charged end of the xray tube

A

anode

30
Q

target for xray photons, rotates and dissipates heat during xray

A

anode function

31
Q

small focal spot allows for greater resolution of image, small focal spots are unable to dissipate heat - if you angle focal spot 5-15* it will allow for larger area of heat dissipation whiole maintaining small focal spot

A

line focus principle

32
Q

reduces potential heat damage to the tube by rotating and dissipating heat

A

anode

33
Q

anode side must always face the thinner body part in order to maintain uniform tissue exposure

A

anode heel effect

34
Q

electrons that have bounced off and landed outside the focal spot - may contribute to increase in patients dose

A

extrafocal or off focus radiation

35
Q

will NOT reduce extrafocal radiation because it is not scatter radiation

A

grid

36
Q

modifies incoming voltage and to provide xray tube with power needed to produce an xray beam - converts voltage to kilovoltage

A

xray generator

37
Q

permits selection of technical factors and initiates the radiograph - allows you to select a given mA, kV, and time

A

control panel or operators console

38
Q

modifies the voltage incoming alternating current electrical signals to increase or decrease voltage in a circuit

A

transformer

39
Q

supplies the high voltage to xray tube - voltage increases and current decreases - creates higher voltage potential to ensure greater xray beam energry

A

step up transformer

40
Q

supplies power to heat filament of the xray tube - voltage decreases and current increases - creates lower voltage with increased cathode filament current and greater heat - responsible for high number of electrons emitted from cathode

A

step down transformer

41
Q

converts alternating current into direct current required by xray tube

A

rectifier

42
Q

restricts current flow in xray tube to one direct from cathode to anode only - prevents damage to xray filament

A

rectifier

43
Q

what are the two types of rectifiers

A

half wave

full wave

44
Q

closed core transformer, autotransformer, shell type transformer

A

electromagnetic induction

45
Q

converts alternating current to direct current to ensure sustained flow of electrons to minimize ripple and flunctuation in current

A

voltage rectification

46
Q

provides constant potential voltage waveform, which doubles the radiation improving the image quality - also minimizes patient dose

A

high frequency power generator

47
Q

special highly insulated cables - affects the average value of voltage and current across the xray tube - increase power delivered to xray tube

A

high tension voltage cables

48
Q

beam restrictive lead lined device - used to reduce patients dose by restricting the xray beam

A

collimator

49
Q

aluminum filters placed at the exit port of the xray tube - primary role is to harden the beam - also removes or absorbs the xrays of lower energy

A

filtration

50
Q

aims at patient - helps identify the central ray position and bounded exposure area - cross hair of collimator light = central ray of xray beam - aimed at midpoint of anatomic area

A

collimator light

51
Q

control panel which allows the operator to select appropriate factors such as mA, kvp, and time

A

operators console

52
Q

adjustable and floatable - allows for better positioning

A

xray table

53
Q

contains grid which removes scatter radiation and improves image quality - contains cassette holder with film and cassette

A

bucky system

54
Q

composed of plastic exterior with inserted double sided intensifying screens

A

casettes

55
Q

made of rare earth elements such as gadolinium oxysulfate - screens emit light photons when interacting with xrays in order to reduce the patients dose - minimizes the number of xray photons during film exposure

A

intensifying screens

56
Q

composed of polyester and coated with emulsion containing silver halide crystals

A

radiographic film

57
Q

when exposed to xrays the crystals turn into metallic silver which blackens the film in contrast to the white or unexposed areas corresponding to body parts that have absorbed xrays

A

silver halide crystals

58
Q

image plate is used made up of photostimulable phosphor located inside cassette

A

computed radiography

59
Q

NUHS used ______ radiography

A

computed

60
Q

no cassettes requires - time efficient and lower radiation

A

digital radiography

61
Q

_______ manual processing takes an hour to process

______ takes 3 min

______ processing takes less than a min

A

radiographic processor - hour

automatic processing - 3 min

computed tomography - 1min

62
Q
A

Tri 4 - Radiography (8 decks)

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