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Tri 4 - Radiography > test 1 - intro > Flashcards

test 1 - intro Flashcards

1
Q

radiation when an electron is removed from its orbital

A

ionization

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2
Q

is produced with e (-) and atom (+)

A

ion pair

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3
Q

what are seven different types of non-ionizing radiation

A

microwaves

radio waves

ultraviolet

radar

cellular

infrared

ultrasound

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4
Q

____ frequency wavelength exhibits greater energy versus ___ freqency wavelength exhibits lesser energy

A

short - greater

long - lesser

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5
Q

types of radiation from short to long wavelengths

A

short: gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet
middle: visible light

middle to long: infrared, microwave, radio

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6
Q

what is the greatest source of radiation in the US

A

radon (54%)

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7
Q

what date did x rays become discovered and by whom

A

Nov 8, 1895

wilhelm roentgen

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8
Q

what the the 6 different x-ray properties

A
  • no charge
  • invisibility
  • penetrability of most matters dependent on Z (atomic number)*
  • ionization and biologic effect*
  • making compounds fluoresce and emit light*
  • travel at speed of light
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9
Q

what three components make up the imaging system

A

x-ray tube

operating console

high voltage generator

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10
Q

what specifc aspect in the x-ray tube forms the x-ray

A

anode

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11
Q

x rays are emitted _____ or in all directions

A

isotropically

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12
Q

x ray tube:

negative (-) end of the tube

A

cathode

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13
Q

what is the x-ray tube made up of

A

heat resistant filament made of thoriated tungsten

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14
Q

initially low electrical current “heats” the filament slowly analogous to a house-hold toaster or an incanadescent light bulb

A

filament current

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15
Q

when the filament temperature is sufficiently high the outer shell electrons become unstable and after a jolt and a small rise in the filament current the electrons will “boil off” and to be ejected from the filament

A

thermionic emission

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16
Q

electron cloud maintains a very strong negative charge and repel any additional electrons to be emitted from the filament

A

space charge effect

17
Q

T/F: all electrons accelerated from the cathode to anode are (-) charged

A

T

18
Q

T/F: focusing cup is (-) charged

A

T

19
Q

what is the focal spot

A

where the electrostatically confines accelerated electrons beam towards their anode’s target or a small area of the anode

20
Q

there are 2 focal spots on the anode corresponding to the large or small filament of the cathode called

A

dual focus

21
Q

(+) charged end of the tube

A

anode

22
Q

what are the three main functions of the anode

A

target for x-ray photons production

rotates and dissipates heat

electrical conductor which conducts electrons through the connecting cables back to the tube

23
Q

is the small focal spot able to dissipate heat

A

no

24
Q

rotating ____ have significantly reduced potential heat damage to the tube

A

anodes

25
Q

in order to maintain uniform tissue exposure the _____ side must always face the thinner body part

A

anode

26
Q

off focus radiation creates

A

extrafocal or off focus radiation

electrons bounce off and land outside the focal spot

27
Q

T/F: grid will not reduce extrafocal radiation

A

T

it is not considered scatter radiation

28
Q

modifies incoming voltage and current to provide an x-ray tube with the power needed to produce an x-ray beam of the desired peak kilovoltage

A

x ray generator

29
Q

modifies the voltage of incoming alternating current (AC) electrical signals to increase or decrease the voltage in a circuit

A

transformer

30
Q

convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) required by the x-ray tube. restricts current flow in an x-ray tube to one direction from cathode to anode only, preventing damage to the x-ray tube filament

A

rectifiers

31
Q

voltage rectification

versus

high frequency power generator

A

voltage recitification: converts AC to DC to ensure sustained flow of e- to minimize ripple effect

high frequency power generator: provides nearly constant potential voltage waveform

32
Q

a beam restrictive lead line device, prime use is to reduce the patients dose by restricting xray beam to the desired anatomy

A

collimator

33
Q
A

Tri 4 - Radiography (8 decks)

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