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KINESIOLOGY > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

__________ and ___________ move as an unit.

A

scapula, clavicle

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2
Q

______________

articulation with sternum is only bony link to axial skeleton

A

clavicle’s

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3
Q

bony landmarks of shoulder girdle

A

Manubrium Clavicle

Coracoid process Acromion process Glenoid fossa Lateral border Inferior angle Medial border

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4
Q

__________moves on the rib cage

A

scapula

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5
Q

joint motion occurs at ___________ __________ and to lesser at the acrimioclavicular joint

A

strenoclavicular joint

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6
Q
  • (multiaxial) arthrodial classification
  • Movements
  • anteriorly 15 degrees with protraction
  • posteriorly 15 – degrees with retraction
  • superiorly 45 degrees with elevation
  • inferiorly 5 degrees with depression
A

strenoclavicular joint (SC)

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7
Q

Ligamentous support

  • anteriorly by the anterior SC ligament
  • posteriorly by the posterior SC ligament
  • costoclavicular & interclavicular ligaments provide stability against superior displacement
A

strnoclavicular joint (SC)

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8
Q
  • arthrodial classification
  • 20 to 30 degree total gliding and rotational motion accompanying other shoulder girdle and shoulder joint motions.
  • supported by
    • coracoclavicular ligaments
    • Superior acromioclavicular ligament
    • inferior acroioclavicular ligament
  • often injured
A

Acromioclavicular

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9
Q
  • not a true synovial joint
  • does not have a regular synovial features
  • movement depends on SC & AC joints which allow the scapula to move
  • 25 deg. abduction-adduction
  • 60 deg. upward- downward rotation
  • 55 deg. elevation-depression
  • supported dynamically by its muscles
  • no ligamnetous support
A

scapulathoracic

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10
Q

shoulder girdle movements=

A

scapula movements

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11
Q

scapula moves laterally away from spinal column

A

Abduction (protraction)

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12
Q

scapula moves toward spinal column

A

Adduction (retraction)

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13
Q

–returning inferior angle

inferomedially toward spinal column & glenoid fossa to normal position

A

Downward rotation

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14
Q

turning glenoid fossa upward & moving inferior angle superolaterally away from spinal column

A

Upward Rotation

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15
Q

downward or inferior movement as in, returning to normal position

A

Dpression

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16
Q

upward or superior movement , as in shrugging shoulders

A

Elevation

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17
Q

•________ _____ & _______ ______

together in carrying out upper extremity activities

A

shoulder joint and shoulder girdle

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18
Q

•Shoulder _____ movement is not dependent upon the shoulder joint & its muscles

A

girdle

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19
Q
  • Stablize scapula so the shoulder joint muscles will have a stable base from which to exert force for moving the humerus–Contract to maintain scapula in a relatively
    static position during shoulder joint actions–Contract to move shoulder girdle and to enhance movement of upper extremity when shoulder goes through extreme ranges of motion
A

Shoulder girdle muscles

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20
Q

For some shoulder girdle movements, scapula must rotate or ___ on ___ ____

A

tilt on its axis

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21
Q

–during abduction
–scapula rotates about its vertical axis resulting in posterior movement of medial border & anterior movement of lateral border

A

lateral tilt (outward tilt)

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22
Q

–during extreme adduction
–scapula rotates about its vertical axis resulting in anterior movement of medial border & posterior movement of lateral border

A

Medial Tilt ( return from lateral tilt, inward tilt)

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23
Q

rotational movement of scapula about frontal axis occurring
during glenohumeral hyperextension

–superior border moving anteroinferiorly & inferior angle
moving posterosuperiorly

A

Anterior tilt (upward tilt)

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24
Q

rotational movement of scapula about frontal axis occurring
during glenohumeral hyperflexion

–superior border moving posteroinferiorly & inferior angle
moving anterosuperiorly

A

posterior tilt

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25
Q

Without the accompanying scapula movement humerus can aproximately __ degrees of total shoulder abduction & _______

A

90 degrees : flexion

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26
Q

– as _____ _____ goes through more extreme ranges of motion, scapular muscles contract to move shoulder girdle so that its _____ ______will be in a more appropriate position from which the humerus can move

A

shoulder joint; glenoid fossa

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27
Q

5 muscles involved in shoulder girdle movements

A
  • trapezius (upper, middle, lower)
  • Rhomboid (deep)
  • Levator scapula
  • serratus anterior
  • pectoralis minor (deep)
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28
Q
  • abduction & upward rotation

- Posterior & Laterally

A

Serratus Anterior

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29
Q

abduction, downward rotation & depression

-Subclavian depression

A

Pectoralis minor

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30
Q

–Upper fibers: elevation & extension of the head
–Middle fibers elevation
adduction & upper rotation

–Lower fibers: Adduction,
depression & upper rotation

A

trapezius (upper, middle, lower)

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31
Q

adduction, downward rotation, elevation

A

rhomboid (deep)

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32
Q

shoulder girdle muscle responsible for elevation

A

Levator Scapulae

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33
Q

Shoulder girdle muscles primarilyinnervated by _______ & _______ plexus

A

cervical, brachial

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34
Q

Branches of C3 & C4

A

trapezius, Levator Scapula

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35
Q

Spinal Accesory Nerve

A

Trapezius

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36
Q

Dorsal scapula nerve, levator scapula, rhomboid

A

C5

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37
Q

Long thoracic nerve originating from __, __, __

- Serratus Anterior

A

C5, c6, C7

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38
Q

Medial Pectoral nerve originating from __ & __

-Pec. Minor

A

C8, T1

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39
Q

Upper fibers: elevation of scapula, extension & rotation of head

Middle fibers: elevation, upward rotation & adduction

Lower fibers: depression, adduction & upward rotation

A

trapezius muscle

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40
Q

Elevates the medial margin of the scapula

A

Levator Scapulae muscle

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41
Q

_______ _____ & ________ ________
muscles work together
Adduction (retraction): draw scapula toward spinal column

A

Rhomboid major & minor

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42
Q

Downward rotation: from upward rotated position they draw scapula in downward rotation

Elevation: slight upward movement accompanying adduction

A

Rhomboid muscles (major & minor)

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43
Q

Abduction (protraction): draws medial border of scapula away from vertebrae

Upward rotation: longer, lower fibers tend to draw inferior angle of scapula farther away from vertebrae, thus rotating scapula upward slightly

A

Serratus Anterior muscle

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44
Q

Abduction (protraction): draws scapula forward & tends to tilt lower border away from ribs

Downward rotation: as it abducts, it draws scapula downward

Depression: when scapula is rotated upward, it assists in depression

A

Pectoralis MInor muscle

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45
Q

Stabilization & protection of sternoclavicular joint

Depression

Abduction

A

subclavious muscle

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46
Q

-Lifting scapula without rotation in anatomic position
- shoulder shrug
Agonist: levator scapulae, upper trapezius, rhomboid

A

scapula Elevation

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47
Q

EX. Dip

Agonist: lower trap, pectoralis minor

A

Scapula Depression

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48
Q

scapula move laterally away from spinous processes without rotation.
EX. Push-up & bench press
Agonist: pectoralis minor, Searratus anterior

A

scapula abduction

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49
Q

-return from abduction
-occurs with retractions
Agonist: middle trapezius, rhomboids

A

Scapula Adduction

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50
Q
  • Downward & Medial Movement
  • Glenoid Fossa is rotated downward when downward mivement of shoulder joint occurs.
  • Ex. Lat Pulls pulling weight down.
  • Agonist: Pec. Minor, Rhomboid
A

Scapula Downward Rotation

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51
Q

lateral & upward movement

agonist: middle trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior

A

Scapula Upward Rotation

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52
Q

Shoulder joint is attached to axial skeleton via the ________ at SC Joint

A

clavicle

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53
Q

scapula movement usually occurs with movement of -_______

A

humerus

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54
Q

Humeral flexion & abduction require scapula ______ , rotation upward & _________

A

elevation

abduction

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55
Q

Humeral _______ & ______ results in scapula depression rotation downward and adduction

A

adduction& extension

56
Q

Scapula _______ occurs with humeral internal rotation & horizontal adduction

A

abduction

57
Q

Scapula _______ occurs with humeral external rotation & horizontal abduction

A

adduction

58
Q

Wide range of motion of the _____ _______in many different planes requires a significant amount of laxity

A

shoulder joint

59
Q

common instabilty problems with shoulder joint

A

ROTATOR CUFF IMPINGEMENT

SUBLOXATIONS & DISLOCATIONS

60
Q

The price of mobility is _______ _________

A

reduced stability

61
Q

The more mobile a joint is, the less stable it is, and the more stable it the _____ _______

A

less mobile

62
Q

_______, _________, ________ serve as attachments for shoulder joint muscles

A

Scapula, Clavicle, & Humerus

63
Q

HUMERAL LANDMARKS

A

HEAD, GREATER TUBERICLE, LESSER TUBERICLE, INTERTUBERCULAR TUBE, DELTOID TUBEROSITY

64
Q

glenohumeral joint is what type of joint?

A

multiaxial, ball and socket, and earthrodial

65
Q

gleenoid labrum slightly enhances _______

A

stability

66
Q

glenohumeral ligamnet provide ________

A

stabilty

especially anteriorly & inferiorly
inferior glenohumeral ligament

67
Q

Ligaments are quite lax until extreme ______ __ ______ reached due to wide range of motion involved

A

ranges of motion

68
Q

stabilty is scarificed to gain ________

A

mobility

69
Q

(glenohumeral Joint)

Determining exact range of each movement is difficult due to accompanying ________ _________ movement

A

shoulder girdle

70
Q

glenohumeral joint has __ to__ degrees of abduction

__ degrees adduction

__ degrees anterior to trunk

A

90-95degrees
0 degrees adduction
75 degrees to trunk

71
Q

glenhumeral joint

__ to __ degrees of extension

__ to ___ degrees of flexion

A

40-60 degrees ext.

90-100 degrees flex.

72
Q

__ to __ degrees of internal and external rotation

A

70-90degrees

73
Q

Glenohumeral joint is Frequently injured due to anatomical design and…….

A
  • shallowness of glenoid fossa
  • laxity of ligamentous structures
  • lack of strength & endurance in muscles
  • anterior or anteroinferior glenohumeral subluxations & dislocations -common
  • posterior dislocations- rare
  • posteror instability problems somewhat common
74
Q

GIRD

A

GLENOHUMERAL INTERNAL ROTATION DEFICIT (GIRD)

75
Q

overhead athletes with GIRD of greater __% had a higher risk of injury

A

20%

76
Q

stretching exercise recommended to regain _______ ________

A

internal rotation

77
Q

4 rotator cuff muscles

A

supraspinatus: attaches to greater tubericle from above (abduct)
infraspinatus: attches to greater tubericle (ext. rot.)
Teres Minor: attaches to greater tubericle posteriorly
Subscapularis:attach to lesser tubericle anterior (int. rot.)

78
Q

glenohumeral flexion

Agonist:

A

anterior deltoid, upper pectoralis major

79
Q

glenohumeral extension agonist

A

TERES MAJOR, LAT. DORSI, LOWER PECTORALIS MAJOR

80
Q

GLENOHUMERAL ABDUCTION AGONIST:

A

DELTOID, SUPRASPIINATUS UPPER PECTORALIS MAJOR

81
Q

GLENOHUMERAL ADDUCTION:
EX. LAT PULL DOWN
AGONIST:

A

-LatissimusDorsi
–Teres Major
– Pectoralis Major

82
Q

GLENOHUMERAL INTERNAL ROTATION

AGONIST:

A

–Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Subscapularis, Pectoralis Major
ALL ATTACH ANTEROMEDUIALLY ON HUMERUS

83
Q

Glenohumeral External Rotation
Agonists
BOTH ATTACH POSTERIORLY ON GREATER TUBERICLE

A

Infraspinatus Teres Minor

84
Q

GLENOHUMERAL HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION

AGONIST:

A

POSTERIOR DELTOID, MIDDLE DELTOID, INFRASPINATUS, TERES MINOR.

85
Q

GLENIHUMERAL HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION

AGONIST

A

ANTERIOR DETOID, PEC. MAJOR, CORACOBRACHIALIS

86
Q

GLENOHUMERAL DIAGONAL ABDUCTION

AGONIST:

A

POSTERIOR DELTOID, INFRASPINATUS, TERES MINOR, TRICEPS BRACHII (LONG HEAD)

87
Q

GLENOHUMERAL DIAGONAL ADDUCTION

AGONIST (LOW AND HIGH)

A

ANT. DELTOID, CORACOBRACHIALIS, BICEPS BRACHII (SHORT HEAD), PEC. MAJOR UPPER AND LOWER.

88
Q

______ _____ movements may be clearly distinguished from those of the radioulnar joints

A

ELBOW JOINT

89
Q

_________ ________ movements may be distinguished from those of the wrist

A

Radioulnar joint

90
Q

ULNA IS MUCH LARGER _______ THAN RADIUS

A

PROXIMALLY

91
Q

RADIUS IS MUCH LARGER _______ THAN ULNA

A

DISTALLY

92
Q

________ & _________ SERVE AS

proximal attachments for muscles that flex & extend the elbow

A

SCAPULA & HUMERUS

93
Q

ULNA AND RADIUS SERVE AS ______ ATTACHEMENTS FOR THESE SAME MUSCLES

A

DISTAL

94
Q

______ &________ &_____ SERVE AS

proximal attachments for muscles that pronate & supinate the radioulnar joints

A

SCAPULA, HUMERUS,ULNA

95
Q

Key bony landmarks for wrist & hand muscles

A

lateral epicondyle, LATERAL supracondylar ridge, MEDIAL EPICONDYLE

96
Q

GINGLYMUS OR HINGE TYPE JOINTS ALLOW 2 KINDS OF MOVEMENT

A

FLEXION AND EXTENSION

97
Q

2 INTERRELATED GINGLYMUS JOINTS

A

HUMEROULNAR JOINT, RADIOULNAR JOINTS

98
Q

ELBOW MOTIONS

A

Primarily involve movement between articular surfaces of humerus & ulna
–specifically humeral trochlear fitting into ulna trochlear notch
–radial head has a relatively small amount of contact with capitulum of humerus
–As elbow reaches full extension, olecranon process is received by olecranon fossa •increased joint stability when fully extended

99
Q

As elbow flexes__ degrees or more, its bony stability is unlocked, allowing for more side-to-side laxity

A

20 DEGREES

100
Q

______ __ ______ is more dependent on the lateral (radial collateral ligament) & the medial or (ulnar collateral ligament)

A

Stability in flexion

101
Q

________ ______ _______ is critical in providing medial support to prevent elbow from abducting when stressed in physical activity

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

102
Q

Many contact sports & throwing activities place stress on ______ _____of joint, resulting in injury

A

medial aspect

103
Q

particularly crucial to high-velocity sporting activities requiring optimal medial elbow stability like baseball pitching

A

ulnar collateral ligament

104
Q

UCL surgical reconstruction using a tendon graft such as palmaris longus tendon

A

Tommy John procedure

105
Q

ligament provides lateral stability & is rarely injured

A

RADIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT

106
Q

provides a sling effect around radial head for stability

A

ANNULAR LIGAMENT

107
Q

Elbow moves from __ degrees of extension to ___ - ___ degrees of flexion

A

0,

145 to 150

108
Q

Joint between shafts of radius & ulna held tightly together between proximal & distal articulations by an interosseus membrane (syndesmosis)

A

RADIOULNAR JOINT

109
Q

As the radioulnar joint goes through its ROM, glenohumeral & elbow muscles ______ to ______ or assist in the effectiveness of movement at the radioulnar joints

A

contract, stabilize

110
Q

when tightening a screw with a screwdriver which involves ________ _________, we tend to externally rotate & flex the glenohumeral & elbow joints, respectfully

A

radioulnar supination

111
Q

Conversely, when loosening a tight screw with _______, we tend to internally rotate & extend the elbow & glenohumeral joints, respectfully

A

pronation

112
Q

we depend on both the ______ & ______ in the surrounding joints to assist in an appropriate amount of stabilization & assistance with the required task

A

agonists & antagonists

113
Q

movement of forearm to shoulder by bending the elbow to decrease its angle

A

FLEXION

114
Q

movement of forearm away from shoulder by straightening the elbow to increase its angle

A

EXTENSION

115
Q

Internal rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm-up to palm-down position

A

PRONATION

116
Q

external rotary movement of radius on ulna that results in hand moving from palm-down to palm-up position

A

SUPINATION

117
Q

ELBOW FLEXORS

A

–Biceps brachii
–Brachialis
–Brachioradialis
–Weak assistance from Pronator teres

118
Q

ELBOW EXTENSOR

A

–Triceps brachii

–Anconeus provides assistance

119
Q

Radioulnar pronators –

A

–Pronator teres
–Pronator quadratus
–Brachioradialis

120
Q

RADIOULNAR SUPINATORS

A

–Biceps brachii
–Supinator muscle
–Brachioradialis

121
Q

-common problem usually involving extensor digitorum muscle near its origin on lateral epicondyle
–known lateral epicondylitis
–associated with gripping & lifting activities

A

“Tennis elbow”

122
Q

–somewhat less common
–known as golfer’s elbow
–associated with medial wrist flexor & pronator group near their origin on medial epicondyle
–Both conditions involve muscles which cross elbow but act primarily on wrist & hand

A

MEDIAL EPICONDYLITIS

123
Q

ANTERIOR

Primarily flexion & pronation

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Brachioradialis
  • Pronator teres
  • Pronatorquadratus
124
Q
  • Triceps brachii
  • Anconeus
  • Supinator
A

PRIMARILY EXTENSION & SUPINATION (POSTERIOR)

125
Q

ALL _____ & ______ JOINTS MUSCLES ARE INNERVATED from median, musculotaneous, & radial nerves of brachial plexus

A

ELBOW AND RADIOULNAR

126
Q

RADIAL NERVE ORIGINATES FROM

  • TRICEPS BRACHII
  • BRACHIORADIALIS
  • SUPINATOR
  • ANCONEUS
  • SENSATION TO POSTEOLATERAL ARM, FOREarm, &hand
A

C5, C6,C7, & C8

127
Q

MEDIAN NERVE ___ & __DERIVED FROM

  • pronator teres
  • pronator quadratus
  • sensation to palmar aspect of radial side of fourth finger dorsal aspect of index & long fingers
A

C6 & C7

128
Q

MUSCULATANEOUS NERVE BRANCHES FROM__ & ____

  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
A

C5 & C6

129
Q 
Long head:
extension of shoulder joint;
adduction of shoulder joint; horizontal
abduction 
 All heads: extension
of elbow
A

triceps brachii muscle

130
Q

extension of elbow

A

anconeus muscle

131
Q
  • pronation of forearm

- weak flexion of elbow

A

pronator teres muscle

132
Q

pronation of forearm

A

pronator quadratus muscle

133
Q

supination of forearm

  • lateral surface of proximal radius just below head
  • neighbring posterior part of ulna
A

supinator muscle

134
Q

agoinst muscles in elbow flexion (curl)

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachiradialis

135
Q

agonist muscles in elbow extension (push-up)

A

triceps brachii, anconeus

136
Q

agonist muscles in radioulnar pronation

A

pronator teres, pronator quadratus, brachioradialis

KINESIOLOGY (3 decks)

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