Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 101 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The focusing of light waves from objects of different distances directly on the retina

A

Accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A visual problem in which the light waves from nearby objects are focused behind the retina during the images of these objects

A

farsightedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A theory of color vision which assumes that there are three types of cones each activated only by wavelength ranges of light corresponding roughly to blue green and red

A

Trichromatic Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The brains you some knowledge of beliefs and expectations to interpret sensory information

A

Top down processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Gestalt perceptual organizational principle that the brain completes incomplete figure stuff for meaningful objects

A

Closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are sensitivity to unchanging and repetitive stimuli disappears every time

A

Sensory adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hearing loss created by damage to one of the structures in the ear responsible for caring the auditory information to the inner ear

A

Conduction deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The number of times a waveform cycles in one sec

A

Frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The perceived magnitude of a stimulus is equal to its actual physical intensity raised to a constant power and this constant power is different for each type of sensory judgment

A

Steavens power law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The minimum difference between two sensory stimuli detected 50% of the time

A

Difference threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wavelengths of light that when added together produce white

A

Complementary colors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A theory of pitch perception which assumes that the frequency of the soundwave by the firing rate of the entire basilar membrane

A

Frequency theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A line or shape that is perceived to be present but does not really exist the brain creates it during perception

A

Subjunctive contour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The perceptual stability of the size shape brightness and color for Familiar objects varying distances different angles and under different lighting conditions

A

Perceptual constancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The process by which the rods and cones through internal chemical changes become more and more sensitive to light in dim light conditions

A

Dark adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The amount of energy in a sensory stimulus is detected 50% of the time is called the

A

Absolute threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If a person is using a very strict criterion for a single detection task the false alarm rate will be blank and the miss rate will be blank

A

Low, high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

According to Webbers law if C equals 1/50 then the difference threshold for a standard stimulus of 100 units would be

A

Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Red wavelengths of light are blank and Violet wavelengths of light are blank

A

Long, short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The rods in the retina are responsible for blank vision and the cones are responsible for blank vision

A

Dim light, color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

According to the opponent process theory of color vision if you stared at a blue circle for a while and then looked at a white surface you would see a circular blank after image

A

Yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Transduction of sound waves into neural impulses is performed by the

A

Hair cells in the basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The best explanation for how we perceive low pitches is the blank Theory and the best explanation for how we perceive high pitches is the blank theory

A

Frequency, place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Perceptual set a good example of

A

Top down processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which of the following is a binocular depth cue

A

Retinal disparity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the purpose of transduction

A

Translating physical energy into neural signals that the brain can understand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Damage to the hair cells in the Coachlea causes blank deafness and blank occurs when light waves from distant objects come into focus in front of the retina

A

Nerve, nearsightedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Even though the image of your dog on your retina changes as your dog runs to fetch a stick you do not perceive your dog is getting smaller which process of perception explains this phenomenon

A

Perceptual constancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Perceiving either a vase or two facial silhouettes looking at each other was used to illustrate the gestalt principle of blank perceiving two ambiguous characters numerically as 13 or alphabetically as B was used to illustrate blank

A

Figure and ground, contextual effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Although Henry’s watchband was bothering him when he first put it on a short while later he did not even notice he was wearing it this illustrates blank

A

Sensory adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

A classical conditioning procedure in which the condition stimulus proceeds the unconditioned stimulus but the two stimuli do not occur together

A

Trace conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hey stimulus that games it’s reinforcing property through learning

A

Secondary reinforcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In operant conditioning giving operant response in the presence of stimuli similar to discriminative stimulus

A

Stimulus generalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The stimulus that comes to elicit a new response in classical conditioning

A

Conditioned stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The finding that operand responses reinforced I’m partial schedules are more resistant to extinction than those reinforce on a continuous schedule

A

Partial reinforcement effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

A stimulus that is unpleasant

A

Aversive stimulus

37
Q

Training an animal or human to make an operant response by reinforcing successive approximations to the desired response

A

Shaping

38
Q

A partial schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses it takes to obtain a reinforcer varries on each trial but averages to a set number across the trials

A

Variable ratio schedule

39
Q

A partial schedule of reinforcement in which the time that must be laps on each trial before response will lead to the delivery of a reinforcer varies from trial to trial but averages to a set time across trials

A

Variable interval schedule

40
Q

The application of classical and operant conditioning principles to eliminate undesirable behavior and to teach more desirable behavior

A

Behavior modification

41
Q

The desire to perform a behavior for external reinforcement

A

Extrinsic motivation

42
Q

Punishment in which an aversive stimulus is presented

A

Positive punishment

43
Q

The principal developed by Edward Thorndike that says that any behavior that results in satisfying consequences tends to be repeated and that any behavior that results in unsatisfying consequences tends not to be repeated

A

Law of effect

44
Q

A partial recovery and strength of the conditioned response following a break during extinction training

A

Spontaneous recovery

45
Q

The diminishing of the operant response when it no longer is reinforced

A

Extinction

46
Q

In pavlovs classical conditioning research a tone was used as the blank and food inserted in the mouth served as the blank

A

CS, UCS

47
Q

In classical conditioning the diminishing of the CR following removal of the UCS is called

A

Extinction

48
Q

In stimulus generalization in classical conditioning the strength of the CR blank as the similarity of the generalization stimulus to the blank increases

A

Increases, CS

49
Q

In reinforcement the probability of a behavior blank and punishment the probability of a behavior blank

A

Increases, decreases

50
Q

Negative reinforcement occurs when a blank stimulus is blank

A

Aversive , removed

51
Q

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer

A

Food such as a cheeseburger

52
Q

The stimulus and whose presence a response will be reinforced is called the stimulus blank in operant conditioning

A

discriminative

53
Q

Peace work in a factory is an example of a blank schedule of reinforcement a slot machine is an example of a blank schedule of reinforcement

A

Fixed ratio, variable ratio

54
Q

The Brelands difficulties and training animals were the result of blank

A

Latent learning

55
Q

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer

A

Money, a money order, a check

56
Q

The blank effect is a decrease in an intrinsically motivated behavior after the behavior is extrinsically reinforced and the reinforcement discontinued

A

Over justification

57
Q

A steep cumulative record in operant conditioning indicates blank and a flat cumulative record indicates a blank

A

A fast rate of responding, no responding

58
Q

The results of Bandera’s Bobo doll studies illustrate blank and tolman and honziks studies of latent learning indicate the importance of blank and maze learning by rats

A

Observational learning, cognitive maps

59
Q

Continuing to take advil because it alleviates headaches is an example of blank and no longer parking in a no parking zones because you lost money in fines for doing so is example of blank

A

Negative reinforcement, negative punishment

60
Q

The principle that states that the cues both internal and external present at the time information is encoded into long term memory serves as the best retrieval cues for the information

A

Encoding specificity principal

61
Q

A measure of long term memory retrieval that requires the reproduction of the information with essentially no retrieval cues

A

Recall

62
Q

The distributive effect of new learning on the retrieval of old information

A

Retroactive interference

63
Q

The visual sensory register at that holds an exact copy of the incoming visual input but only for a very brief period of time less than a second

A

Iconic memory

64
Q

A meaningful unit in memory

A

Chunk

65
Q

Long-term memory for factual knowledge and personal experiences that requires a conscious effort to remember and that entails making decorations about the information remembered

A

Explicit memory

66
Q

The inability to form new explicit long-term memories for events following surgery or trauma to the brain

A

Anterograde amnesia

67
Q

A type of rehearsal and short-term memory in which incoming information is related to information from long-term memory to encode it into long-term memory

A

Elaborative rehearsal

68
Q

Sapir your long-term memory for spay study versus massedd study

A

Spacing effect

69
Q

Frameworks of knowledge about people objects events and actions that allow us to organize and interpret information about our worlds

A

Schemas

70
Q

Explicit memory for personal experiences

A

Episodic memory

71
Q

The theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to the unavailability of retrieval cues necessary to locate the information and long-term memory

A

Cue dependent theory

72
Q

An experimental procedure in which following the brief presentation of a matrix of unrelated consonants the participant is given an auditory Cue about which row of the matrix to recall

A

Sperling’s partial report procedure

73
Q

Our inability as adults to remember events that occurred in our lives before about three years of age

A

Infantile/child amnesia

74
Q

A memory task in which the participant is given a series of items one at a time and then has to recalled items in order in which they were presented

A

Memory span task

75
Q

Which of the following types of memory holds sensory input until we can attend to and recognize it

A

Sensory memory

76
Q

Her short-term memory capacity is blank +-2 chunks

A

Seven

77
Q

Which of the following types of memory has the shortest duration

A

Sensory memory

78
Q

Procedural memories are blank memories and thus are probably process in the blank

A

Implicit, cerebellum

79
Q

Which of the following leads to the best long-term memory

A

Elaborative rehearsal

80
Q

The primary and recency effect and freight recall demonstrate that we have the greatest difficulty recalling the words blank of a list

A

In the middle

81
Q

Which of the following is not a pneumonic aid

A

Temporel integration procedure

82
Q

An essay test measures blank and a multiple choice test measures blank

A

Recall, recognition

83
Q

Which of the following theories of forgetting argues that the forgotten information it was in long-term memory but is no longer available

A

Storage decay theory

84
Q

Piahets false memory of kidnapping attempt when he was a child was the result of a blank

A

Source misattribution

85
Q

After learning the phone number for five star pizza Bob cannot remember the phone number he learned last week for the donut connection after living in Los Angeles for three years Jenna is unable to remember his way around his home town in which he had a live the previous 10 years prior to moving to LA Bob is experiencing the effects of blank interference engine is experiencing the affects of blank interference

A

Retroactive, retroactive

86
Q

Per the levels of processing theory which of the following questions about the word depressed would best prepare you to correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen the word in this practice test question today

A

How well does the word describe you

87
Q

The forgetting curve for a long-term memory in EppingHaus relearning studies with nonsense syllables indicates that

A

The greatest amount of forgetting occurs rather quickly and then it levels off

88
Q

And the Loftis and Palmer experiment participants were showing a film of traffic accident and then later tested for their memory of it defining that memory differed based upon the specific words used in the test questions illustrated

A

The misinformation effect

89
Q

The results for the experiment in which word lists were studied either on land or underwater and then recalled either on land or underwater provide evidence for

A

Encoding specificity

Psych 101 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions