Ch 2 Flashcards
Receive chemical information from other neurons
Dendrites
Takes an all information from neurotransmitters and tells us the cell what to do
Cell body/soma
Travels the signal through
Axon
Helps signal move faster
Myelin sheath
Release neurotransmitters into synaptic gap
Terminal buttons/axon terminals
Gap in between the neurons that don’t touch
Synaptic gap
What are the three steps to the action potential process
Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization
Neuron going up firing up
Depolarization
Says neuron has passed/going down
Repolarization
Rest. For the neuron/going back to normal
Hyperpolarization
Describe the neurotransmitter process
- Dendrites receive chemical information from neurotransmitters from other neurons
- Cell body/soma integrate information from the neurotransmitters
- If fired, an electrical impulse goes through the axon. Signal travels faster from the Mylan sheath through Salatory conduction
- Signal researches axon terminal’s or terminal buttons at end of the neuron, which releases neurotransmitters into synaptic gap
Communication with a neuron is blank, communication between neurons is blank
Electrical, chemical
Involved in learning and memory and muscle movement, Alzheimer’s patients have low levels of this
Acetylcholine
Impacts arousal and Mood states thought process and physical movement, Parkinson’s patients have low levels of this, deals with drug addiction
Dopamine
Involved in levels of arousal and the dude, eating, and sleep, play a major part in mood disorders such as depression
Serotonin/norepinephrine
Main inhibitory transmitter, keeps the brain from overloading and becoming too aroused
GABA
Main excitatory neurotransmitter, keeps your brain aroused, low levels can result in coma, high levels can result in strokes of overstimulation
Glutamate
Involved in pain relief and feelings of pleasure, or natural painkillers to body
Endorphins
What are the three categories of drugs
Stimulant, depressant, hallucinogen
Drugs and neurotransmitters elevate arousal and stimulate us
Stimulant
Drugs that inhibit and slow down the central nervous system
Depressant
Drugs that induced hallucinations
Hallucinogen
What are the two branches of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous system and central nervous system
The central nervous system deals with what
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system deals with what
Somatic nervous system/voluntary skeletal muscles and autonomic nervous system/involuntary muscles (organs)
What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system
Parasympathetic/rest and digest and sympathetic/fight or flight
What are the three types of neurons
Interneuron, sensory neurons, motor neurons
Only seen in the CNS, communicates between the motor and sensory neurons
Interneuron
Carries information from our senses to the CNS
Sensory neurons
Carries information from the CNS out to the rest of the body
Motor neurons
Blank are the support system and the nervous system While blank are responsible for receiving sending integrating information into the nervous system
Glial cells, neurons
Area of the brain that controls speech production
Brocas area
Area of the brain that controls the speech comprehension
Wernickes area
Higher thinking, making decisions
Frontal lobe
Process sensory information
Parietal lobe
Processes auditory information
Temporal lobe
Processes visual information
Occipital lobe
Involves major body functions like heartbeat and breathing blood pressure/old part of brain
Medulla
Involved and sleep and dreaming/old part of brain
Pons
Involved and coordination of movement, balance and motor learning/older part of brain
Cerebellum
Where all sensory information except smell go
Thalamus
Involved in starting and executing motor movements
Basal ganglia
Involving in regulating basic drives like eating drinking and sex
Hypothalamus
Involved information of memories
Hippocampus
Involved with emotions and our fight or flight response
amygdala
The brains ability to adapt and change
Plasticity
When the corpus callosum is severed so the two hemispheres can’t communicate together is used to stop extreme epilepsy
Split brain surgery
Respond to stimulus to interpret behavior as emotion
James Lange theory
Physiological, emotions, and responses occur at the same time
Cannon Bard theory
Response then cognitively evaluate response than label emotion
Sehater-singers 2 factor theory
Emotion then response
Commonsense theory
High frequency wavelength, paralysis, sexual arousal, dreaming, and rapid eye movement
REM sleep
The distributive effect of new learning on the retrieval of old information
Retroactive interference
The visual sensory register that holds an exact copy of the incoming visual input but only for a very brief period of time less than a second
Iconic memory
A meaningful unit in memory
Chunk
Long term memory for factual knowledge and personal experiences that requires a conscious effort to remember and that entails making declarations about the information remembered
Explicit memory
The inability to form new explicit long-term memories for events following surgery or trauma to the brain
Anterograde amnesia
A type of rehearsal and short term memory and which incoming information as related to information from long-term memory to encode it into long-term memory
Elaborative rehearsal
Superior long-term memory for space to study versus mass study
Spacing effect
Frameworks of knowledge about people objects events and actions that allow us to organize and interpret information about our world
Schemas
Explicit memory of personal experiences
Episodic memory
A theory of forgetting that proposes that forgetting is due to the unavailability of the retrieval cues necessary to locate the information in long-term memory
Cue dependent theory
An experimental procedure in which following the brief presentation of a matrix of unrelated consonants that participate is given an auditory cue about which row of the matrix to recall
Sperling’s partial report procedure
Our inability as adults to remember events that occurred in our lives before about three years of age
A memory task in which the participant is given a series of items when I have time and then has to recalled items in order in which they were presented
