Test 2

Question 1

Write the central dogma

Answer 1

DNA (replication;DNA polymerase)–> RNA (transcription; RNA polymerase)-> protein (translation; ribosome)

Question 2

Requirements for DNA replication

Answer 2

Primer, DNA polymerase, dATP, dTTP, dCTP, and dGTP

Question 3

What will be required for PCR?

Answer 3

Buffer

Question 4

Unique feature of A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA?

Answer 4

A- wide; anti formation; right handed
B- intermediate; anti; right handed
Z- skinny; anti + syn; left handed

Question 5

Chemical forces that contribute to form double helical DNA

Answer 5

H+ and van der Waals between bases (base stacking)

Question 6

Define Tm value

Answer 6

The temp at which half the helical structure is lost. The determination is observed at 260nm

Question 7

What is required for reverse transcription?

Answer 7

Reverse transcriptase

Question 8

Gene expression is?

Answer 8

The flow of genetic info from DNA to protein

Question 9

What is promoter?

Answer 9

Specifically bind RNA polymerase and determine where transcription begins.

Question 10

Common promoter regions found in bacterial genes

Answer 10

Eukaryotic- -75, -25

Prokaryotic- -35, -10

Question 11

Common promoter regions founds in eukaryotic cell genes?

Answer 11

CAAT + TATAA boxes

Question 12

What is shine-dalgarno sequence?

Answer 12

Ribosome binding site

Question 13

Ribosome composition + function

Answer 13

Protein + rRNA

rRNA binds to shine-dalg

Question 14

What is the first AA in bacterial proteins?

Answer 14

f methionine

Question 15

Splicing

Answer 15

To remove non-coding region (introns)

—-}GU—-AG{—–

Question 16

What are restriction enzymes? (Palindrome site?)

Answer 16

Precise molecular scalpels that allow an investigator to manipulate DNA segments.

5’ ATCGAT 3’
3’ TAGCTA 5’

Question 17

PCR

Answer 17

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Question 18

Necessary components of PCR?

Answer 18

DNA polymerase, Taq, PFU

Question 19

Ligase

Answer 19

Enzyme to ligate fragments

Question 20

Polylinker site

Answer 20

Multicloning site with restriction enzyme sites

Question 21

Difference between cloning vector and expression vector?

Answer 21

Cloning- specific for cloning

Expression- specific for gene expression

Question 22

What is cDNA?

Answer 22

Complementary DNA; comes from RNA by reverse transcriptase