Ch. 1 Review

Question 1

Domains of biological classification

Answer 1

Bacteria, eukarya, archaea

Question 2

Covalent bond

Answer 2

Sharing e- pairs between atoms.

*strongest bond

Question 3

Non-covalent bonds

Answer 3

Ionic, H+, and van see Waals

Strongest ——-> weakest

Question 4

Hydrogen bond

Answer 4

Largely ionic interactions; H+ is partially shared by two electronegative atoms such as Oxygen and nitrogen

N-~H——N-
N-~H——O-

Also longer than covalent bonds

Question 5

Hydrophobic interactions

Answer 5

No polar molecules that cannot participate in hydrogen bonding or ionic interactions. Water molecules come in contact with these no polar molecules form “cages” around them.

Question 6

1st law thermodynamics

Answer 6

Energy (U) is conserved

Question 7

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 7

Entropy = disorder

The total entropy of a system and its surroundings ALWAYS INCREASES for a spontaneous process.

Delta S > 0

Question 8

Equation for delta G?

Answer 8

G= H - TS

Question 9

Meaning of G

Answer 9

If delta G

Question 10

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Answer 10

pH= pKa + log [A/HA]