test 2

Question 1

According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to result when:

Answer 1

defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety

Question 2

Which disorder is NOT experienced by more women than men?

Answer 2

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 3

which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety?

Answer 3

the psychodynamic approach

Question 4

the phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder is:

Answer 4

agoraphobia

Question 5

Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to:

Answer 5

increase serotonin activity in the brain

Question 6

when would religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) be considered compulsive behaviors?

Answer 6

when they interfere with daily function and cause distress

Question 7

Behaviorists believe that compulsive behavior:

Answer 7

is reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety

Question 8

an individual with which disorder would least likely need therapy to avoid a recurrence and to recover lost memories?

Answer 8

dissociative fugue

Question 9

which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

Answer 9

dysfunction

Question 10

which is an aspect of the experimental approach?

Answer 10

the manipulation of a variable by the researcher

Question 11

Symptoms such as sadness, loss of appetite, and low energy cluster together to form a:

Answer 11

syndrome

Question 12

the term “external validity” refers to the extent to which the results of a study:

Answer 12

apply to subjects and situations other than the ones studied.

Question 13

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:

Answer 13

systematic desensitization

Question 14

what is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?

Answer 14

compulsions help people control their obsessions

Question 15

someone who is experiencing “doubling” is:

Answer 15

feeling like his or her mind is floating above him or her.

Question 16

salina was terrified during the san francisco earthquake of 1989- who wouldn’t be? for a couple weeks after, she did not sleep well or feel comfortable inside a building. However, the fears gradually diminished, disappearing within a month. Her reaction to the earthquake would MOST likely be diagnosed as a(n):

Answer 16

acute stress disorder

Question 17

Because people who exhibit mania have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy a person feels and how often he or she laughs. this test has:

Answer 17

face validity

Question 18

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of _____ at certain receptor sites in the brain.

Answer 18

GABA

Question 19

under the instructions of a psychologist, tina’s mother records the number of times Tina hits her brother at home and what happens immediately before hitting. In this situation, Tina’s mother is:

Answer 19

a participant observer

Question 20

A combat veteran undergoing “eye movement desensitization and reprocessing” is experiencing:

Answer 20

exposure therapy

Question 21

Fear differs from anxiety in that:

Answer 21

fear is to a specific threat and anxiety is more general

Question 22

When all of the sub personalities in a person with dissociative identity disorder are aware of one another, it is termed a:

Answer 22

mutually cognizant pattern

Question 23

Which treatment is a non-drug biological treatment for anxiety that is general use today?

Answer 23

relaxation therapy

Question 24

A person is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack, but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a:

Answer 24

Panic attack

Question 25

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories generally have:

Answer 25

greater reliability and greater validity

Question 26

People who experience obsessions show:

Answer 26

thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them

Question 27

People with one anxiety disorder are most likely to:

Answer 27

experience another anxiety disorder

Question 28

which has been proposed as a possible cause of dissociative disorders?

Answer 28

self-hypnosis

Question 29

Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?

Answer 29

Behavioral

Question 30

The usual goal of therapy for dissociative identity disorder is to:

Answer 30

merge the sub-personalities into a single identity

Question 31

The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:

Answer 31

misinterpret bodily sensations

Question 32

One distinction that the DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder is based on:

Answer 32

how long the anxiety symptoms last.

Question 33

If a person criticized everything he did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to his personal standards, he would be exhibiting what rogers called:

Answer 33

conditions of worth

Question 34

According to DSM-5, one must demonstrate which set of symptoms to be diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?

Answer 34

Excessive worry for six months, edginess, sleep changes, distress.

Question 35

Dorian was only 10 miles away from Mount St. Helens when it erupted with one of the largest blasts in history. There was ash and lava everywhere, and he was terrified and sure he was going to die. When rescue teams found him a week later, he was cold, hungry and scared. More than a year later, he still had nightmares and woke up in a cold sweat. This description BEST fits a(n):

Answer 35

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 36

If one wanted a drug to improve the effectiveness of GABA, one would choose:

Answer 36

a benzodiazepine

Question 37

Behavior that violates the legal norms is:

Answer 37

deviant and criminal

Question 38

Having to walk the dog several times a day when its raining is an example of a:

Answer 38

stressor

Question 39

Ideally, critical incident stress debriefing occurs:

Answer 39

immediately and is short-term

Question 40

People who have a biological vulnerability for anxiety that is brought to the surface by social/psychological factors develop generalized anxiety disorders, according to the:

Answer 40

diathesis-stress model

Question 41

Teaching people to accept their worries and line in the present moment-- mindfulness therapy-- is MOST consistent with which theoretical approach?

Answer 41

cognitive

Question 42

The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in older men seen at clinics tells you the:

Answer 42

total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic

Question 43

Factors other than the independent variable may also act on the dependent variable. If these factors vary systematically with independent variable, they are called ____ variables.

Answer 43

confounding

Question 44

Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on a variable Y if the correlation between X and Y is:

Answer 44

-.88

Question 45

Not all participants are the same. Researchers use ____ to reduce the possibility that pre-existing differences between groups are responsible for observed differences after experimental manipulation.

Answer 45

random assignment

Question 46

Women are ____ as likely as men to develop stress disorders.

Answer 46

twice

Question 47

There were 10 new cases of schizophrenia in a small town in the midwest the week. This observation refers to the ____ of schizophrenia in this small population.

Answer 47

incidence

Question 48

the most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is:

Answer 48

better safe than sorry.

Question 49

People who experience a positive event, get excited, breath harder, and have an increase in their heart rate, then interpret the symptoms as a heart attack, are experiencing that cognitive theorists call:

Answer 49

anxiety sensitivity

Question 50

Cognitive therapists believe that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:

Answer 50

maladaptive assumptions

Question 51

To determine if a person's fear of snakes is severe enough to be categorized as a phobia, one could:

Answer 51

ask her if her fear of snakes has lasted for six months, if she avoids snakes , and if it interferes with daily living; if she says "yes," she most likely has a phobia.

Question 52

An athlete who is in fact well prepared nevertheless thinks just before a contest, "I can't do this! I need to be perfect, and I know I'm going to fail!" The theorist who would focus on the athlete's illogical thinking process as a key factor in his subsequent poor performance MOST likely would support which model of abnormality?

Answer 52

cognitive

Question 53

A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:

Answer 53

panic disorder

Question 54

Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably represents the ___ perspective.

Answer 54

sociocultural

Question 55

A child is bitten by a vicious dog in front of a park. The child is later very afraid of the park. According to classical conditioning, the park is a(n):

Answer 55

conditioned stimulus

Question 56

"phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorders would MOST likely be offered by:

Answer 56

humanistic theorists

Question 57

If the idea of "preparedness" is accurate, then:

Answer 57

some phobias should be acquired more easily than others

Question 58

When someone who is about to leave for work checks the stove 10 times to make sure it is turned off, that person is exhibiting a(n):

Answer 58

compulsion

Question 59

A person with post-traumatic stress disorder who refuses to talk about it is:

Answer 59

experiencing avoidance

Question 60

Those people MOST likely to develop stress disorders are:

Answer 60

anxious, and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them

Question 61

Is a clinician begins by asking, "would you tell me about yourself?" the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n):

Answer 61

unstructured interview

Question 62

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark than they do such objects as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of:

Answer 62

preparedness

Question 63

Which statement BEST describes the difference between dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue?

Answer 63

Those with dissociative fugue change where they live

Question 64

A person with post-traumatic stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is:

Answer 64

re-experiencing the traumatic event.

Question 65

Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:

Answer 65

standardization

Question 66

Cognitive theorists have found that people who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder also:

Answer 66

believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others

Question 67

An entomologist's fear of spiders is debilitating. To treat this phobia, a therapist puts the entomologist in a room with spiders, even asking her to handle them. This technique might be used in:

Answer 67

flooding

Question 68

One of the drawbacks of exposure and response prevention as a therapy is that it:

Answer 68

is less effective with clients with obsessions but no compulsions

Question 69

Some people are stimulated by exciting, potentially dangerous activities that terrify others. These varying represent differences in:

Answer 69

state anxiety

Question 70

An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not vacuum for a week would be experiencing what therapy procedures?

Answer 70

exposure and response prevention