Test 1 flashcards

Question 1

Jamal observed his parents’ generous behavior throughout his childhood. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world. According to the behavioral model, Jamal has acquired his lifestyle through the process of:

Answer 1

Modeling

Question 2

A therapist’s preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environments and record their activities and behaviors. This approach is known as:

Answer 2

Naturalistic observation

Question 3

Which statement is NOT a reason that correlational studies and experiments are preferred over case studies?

Answer 3

They offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting.

Question 4

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

Answer 4

Dysfunction

Question 5

A new test for anxiety shows consistent levels of anxiety across time for people, but very few people have taken the test, and accurate norms don’t exist. The test has:

Answer 5

high reliability, but inadequate standardization

Question 6

On average, patients receiving therapy for a psychological problem improve more than do ___ of people with similar problems who do not receive treatment

Answer 6

75%

Question 7

Symptoms such as sadness, loss of appetite, and low energy cluster together to form a:

Answer 7

syndrome

Question 8

The case study MOST likely to be helpful in the study of abnormality would be one that included a well-tested, research supported form of therapy used to treat a:

Answer 8

uncommon disorder

Question 9

If a mother seems excessively involved in her child’s life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be:

Answer 9

Enmeshed

Question 10

Colin is asked to “free associate” about his mother’s new husband, and he responds by changing the subject. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of:

Answer 10

resistance

Question 11

Russ wants to be a good participant. He knows that his professor is an environmentalist, so his answers on the survey reflect a pro-environment position. This is an example of:

Answer 11

Subject bias

Question 12

A client in a totally relaxed state vividly imagines formerly anxiety-arousing situations without feeling any lingering anxiety. MOST likely, that client has just completed what type of therapy?

Answer 12

Systematic desensitization

Question 13

If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel and to question the accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving:

Answer 13

cognitive therapy

Question 14

The term “external validity” refers to extent to which the results of a study:

Answer 14

apply to subjects and situations other than the ones studied

Question 15

Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term is called

Answer 15

tertiary prevention

Question 16

A test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. Of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of developing schizophrenia within 5 years. The test may be said to have high:

Answer 16

predictive validity

Question 17

A researcher finds that individuals who report large numbers of “hassles” in their lives usually also report higher levels of stress. Those who report fewer “hassles” generally report lower levels of stress. The correlation between number of “hassles” and stress level is:

Answer 17

Postive

Question 18

One who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which of the following paradigms?

Answer 18

sociocultural

Question 19

which is an example of a case?

Answer 19

A long-term study of a clinical client

Question 20

A clinician has developed a new assessment tool. Clients write stories about their problems, and then two different judges independently evaluate the stories in terms of how logically they are written. For this assessment technique to be useful, there must be:

Answer 20

High interrater reliability.

Question 21

When a young child yells and throws toys (temper tantrum), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on, the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from:

Answer 21

Operant conditioning

Question 22

Using “the four Ds” to define abnormal behavior:

Answer 22

is still often vague and subjective

Question 23

Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on variable Y if the correlation between X and Y is:

Answer 23

-.88

Question 24

If a clinician wanted to know more detailed information about a person’s functioning in a specific area, the clinician would use:

Answer 24

a response inventory

Question 25

The function of the double-blind design is guard against:

Answer 25

participant and experimenter expediencies

Question 26

“When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living.” A psychologist from which background would agree MOST strongly with this statement?

Answer 26

Humanistic-existential

Question 27

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories generally have:

Answer 27

Greater reliability and greater validity

Question 28

An athlete who is in fact well prepared nevertheless thinks just before a contest, “I can’t do this! I need to be perfect, and I know I’m going to fail” The theorist who would focus on the athlete’s illogical thinking process as key factor in his subsequent poor performance MOST likely would support which model of abnormality?

Answer 28

cognitive

Question 29

“understanding a person’s unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality.” which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent?

Answer 29

Psychodynamic

Question 30

A student says, “quick! I have to take a test in two minutes. I need help remembering what kind of correlation coefficient shows a weak relationship between two variables.” which will help the student?

Answer 30

a correlation coefficient close to zero (0)

Question 31

A study included 60 people suffering from an ordinary headache. 20 received aspirin, 20 received a sugar pill that looked like asprin, and 20 got nothing at all. In 65 percent of the asprin group, the headache disappeared, In the other two groups the “cure” rates were 35 and 5 percent, respectively. Other than the drug condition, the participants were treated identically. This study:

Answer 31

is an experimental study.

Question 32

Deciding that a client’s psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called:

Answer 32

diagnosis

Question 33

Lady gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because:

Answer 33

They freely choose and enjoy their behavior

Question 34

There were 10 new cases of schizophrenia in a small town in the midwest this week. This observation refers to the _____ of schizophrenia in this small population

Answer 34

incidence

Question 35

Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is:

Answer 35

standardization

Question 36

A researcher’s expectations about a study can affect its outcome. The type of research design used specifically to address this problem is a(n):

Answer 36

blind design

Question 37

The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in older men seen at a clinic tells you the:

Answer 37

Total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic

Question 38

Which is NOT a way that case studies are useful?

Answer 38

determining general laws of behavior

Question 39

Clients check off either “applies” or “does not apply” to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in variety of situations. The kind of test they are taking MOST likely is a:

Answer 39

personality inventory

Question 40

The diathesis-stress model of abnormality emphasizes that:

Answer 40

abnormality arises from an interaction between predisposition and stress.

Question 41

The major advantage of a correlational study over a case study is that it:

Answer 41

has better external validity.

Question 42

In a study designed to test a new antidepressant, a large number of outpatient psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One of the groups was given the drug as a pill. the other group was given identical-looking inert pills. All participants were tested in the morning. The level of depression of each subject was measured by three psychologist interdependently, using the Beck Depression Inventory. Which was the independent variable in this study?

Answer 42

the drug

Question 43

A medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other “mood” disorders. The general term for this type of drug is:

Answer 43

psychotropic

Question 44

If stress levels and physical health are negatively correlated, the researcher can conclude that:

Answer 44

as stress increases, health decreases

Question 45

One who systematically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical:

Answer 45

scientist

Question 46

Not all participants are the same. Researchers use ____ to reduce the possibility that preexisting differences between groups are responsible for the observed differences after experimental manipulation.

Answer 46

random assignment

Question 47

if a new test for assessing anorexic tendencies produces scores comparable to those of other tests for assessing anorexic tendencies, then the new test has high:

Answer 47

concurrent validity

Question 48

“isn’t the ABAB design pretty much a case study?” asks a student. The BEST answer would be:

Answer 48

“they’re similar, but the ABAB design has greater internal validity.”

Question 49

The model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client’s family structure, societal norms, and a client’s roles in society is:

Answer 49

sociocultural

Question 50

A child is bitten by a vicious dog in front of a park. The child is later very afraid of the park. according to classical conditioning, the park us a(n):

Answer 50

conditioned stimulous

Question 51

Barney’s mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which statement would suggest most strongly that the id is firmly in control of Barney’s behavior?

Answer 51

Barney grabs some of the cookies and runs.

Question 52

Which statement is true about case studies and single-subject designs?

Answer 52

Single-subject designs have more internal validity.

Question 53

Which correlation coefficient represents the weakest relationship?

Answer 53

-.06

Question 54

Behavior that violates legal norms is:

Answer 54

deviant and criminal

Question 55

A clinician has developed a test that requires test-takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines. MOST likely, this new test is a:

Answer 55

projective test

Question 56

Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is:

Answer 56

the chance to get a general sense of the client

Question 57

what we would call “conscience” is MOST like what freud would call the:

Answer 57

superego

Question 58

Under the instructions of a psychologist, tina’s mother records the number of times tina hits her brother at home and what happens immediately before the hitting. In this situation, Tina’s mother is:

Answer 58

a participant observer

Question 59

The model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client’s family structure, societal norms, and a client’s roles in society is:

Answer 59

sociocultural

Question 60

A child is bitten by a vicious dog in front of a park. The child is later very afraid of the park. according to classical conditioning, the park us a(n):

Answer 60

conditioned stimulous

Question 61

Barney’s mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which statement would suggest most strongly that the id is firmly in control of Barney’s behavior?

Answer 61

Barney grabs some of the cookies and runs.

Question 62

Which statement is true about case studies and single-subject designs?

Answer 62

Single-subject designs have more internal validity.

Question 63

Which correlation coefficient represents the weakest relationship?

Answer 63

-.06

Question 64

Behavior that violates legal norms is:

Answer 64

deviant and criminal

Question 65

A clinician has developed a test that requires test-takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines. MOST likely, this new test is a:

Answer 65

projective test

Question 66

Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is:

Answer 66

the chance to get a general sense of the client

Question 67

what we would call “conscience” is MOST like what freud would call the:

Answer 67

superego

Question 68

Under the instructions of a psychologist, tina’s mother records the number of times tina hits her brother at home and what happens immediately before the hitting. In this situation, Tina’s mother is:

Answer 68

a participant observer

Question 69

The term used to refer to the comprehensive view of causes and the maintenance of a person’s abnormal behavior that a psychologist develops is:

Answer 69

The clinical picture

Question 70

A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country but doesn’t interfere with others’ lives. The BEST description of the researcher’s behavior is that it is:

Answer 70

Eccentric

Question 71

A person who is suicidal and can see no reason for living BEST fits which definition of abnormality

Answer 71

Danger

Question 72

Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are called.

Answer 72

Epidemiological studies

Question 73

Infants tend to do things that feel good. This is in accord with what freud called

Answer 73

the pleasure principle

Question 74

A campus newspaper publishes an “Exam Anxiety” test, which newspaper staffers put together one evening just before their publishing deadline, Despite its hasty construction, the test MOST likely has:

Answer 74

face validity

Question 75

Which is an aspect of the experimental approach?

Answer 75

the manipulation of a variable by the researcher

Question 76

A psychologist studies memory techniques in adult volunteers and learns how to facilitate memory and then applies the results to a new class of students in a psychology course. This demonstrates faith in:

Answer 76

the external validity of the study

Question 77

Imagine that there is a statistically significant result found in a well-designed experimental research project without any confounding variables. The MOST appropriate conclusion would be that:

Answer 77

differences in the dependent variable are likely due to the independent variable.

Question 78

The first step in using the treatment called “systematic desensitization” is to:

Answer 78

teach the skill of relaxation over the course of several sessions

Question 79

The form of therapy that helps clients recognize errors in logic and to try out new interpretations of events is:

Answer 79

cognitive

Question 80

The correlational method and the experimental method are similar in that:

Answer 80

both have external validity

Question 81

Factors other than the independent variable may also act on the dependent variable. If these factors vary systematically with the independent variable, they are called ____ variables

Answer 81

confounding

Question 82

According to freud’s psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the:

Answer 82

oral stage

Question 83

Research shows that danger to self or others is found in:

Answer 83

some cases of abnormal functioning

Question 84

A campus newspaper publishes an “Exam Anxiety” test, which newspaper staffers put together one evening just before their publishing deadline, Despite its hasty construction, the test MOST likely has:

Answer 84

face validity

Question 85

if a clinician begins by asking, “would you tell me about yourself/”, the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n):

Answer 85

unstructured interview

Question 86

A previously neutral environmental event that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus is called a(n): c

Answer 86

conditioned stimulus

Question 87

Which item is an analogue study?

Answer 87

studying the effects of stress in nonhuman

Question 88

Because people who exhibit mania have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy a person feels and how often he or she laughs. this test has:

Answer 88

face validity