Test 2 Flashcards
One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is _______operating cost.
reduced/ Lower
A user-friendly______ is one advantage of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) .
interface
One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is less danger of a single- _____failure.
point
One of the advantages of a distributed database management system (DDBMS) is processor____.
independence
In a basic distributed processing environment, the distributed processing system shares the database chores among three sites connected through a_____.
communications network
_____management ensures that data move from one consistent state to another.
Transaction
distributed database management system (DDBMS),_____occurs to determine the data location of local and remote fragments.
mapping
In a distributed database management system (DDBMS), query______is used to find the best access strategy.
optimization
In a distributed database management system (DDBMS),______control is used to manage simultaneous data access and ensure data consistency across database fragments.
concurrency
A transaction processor is also known as the______processor.
application
____________is a collection of concepts, techniques, and processes for the proper identification, definition, and management of data elements within an organization.
_Master data management/ mdm /Master data management(MDM)
______use web-based technologies to present key business performance indicators or information in a single integrated view, generally using graphics in a clear, concise, and easy to understand manner.
__Dashboards
Data_______tools are tools that provide advanced statistical analysis to uncover problems and opportunities hidden within business data.
__mining
_______are quantifiable measurements (numeric or scale based) that assess a companys effectiveness or success in reaching its strategic and operational goals.
Key Performance Indicators, KPI
To support a(n)_______adequately, the DBMS might be required to support advanced storage technologies, and even more importantly, to support multiple-processor technologies, such as a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) or a massively parallel processor (MPP).
VLDB, Very Large Database
__________is a read-only database optimized for data analysis and query processing.
__Data warehouse
A data_______is a centralized, consolidated database that integrates data derived from the entire organization and from multiple sources with diverse formats.
__warehouse
A data_______is a small, single-subject data warehouse subset that provides decision support to a small group of people.
__mart
______are numeric measurements (values) that represent a specific business aspect or activity.
__Facts
_____are qualifying characteristics that provide additional perspectives to a given fact.
__Dimensions
In multidimensional terms, the ability to focus on slices of the cube to perform a more detailed analysis is known as______.
__slice and dice
The___________hierarchy provides the capability to perform drill-down and roll-up searches in a data warehouse.
__attribute
______makes a copy of a table and places it in a different location to improve access time.
__Replication
The most distinctive characteristic of modern OLAP tools is their capacity for_______analysis.
__multidimensional
To deliver efficient decision support, OLAP tools must have advanced data_____features.
__access
In the___ category, the cloud service provider offers the capability to build and deploy consumer-created applications using the providers cloud infrastructure.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
ODBC, OLE-DB, and_ADO.NET_form the backbone of the_______________ architecture.
_ UDA, Universal Data Access
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), a superset of the SQL Access Group Call Level Interface (CLI), is implemented by_____________ .
_ Microsoft
A(n)______ is a unique name by which the data source will be known to ODBC, and therefore, to applications.
DSN, Data Source Name
In the context of OLE-DB, a________ is an object (application or process) that requests and uses data.
_ consumer
In the OLE-DB model, the____________ acts like a data consumer of the data provider and as a data provider for the data consumer (end-user application).
_ service provider
A(n) _____ is a program written in a programming language that is not compiled, but is interpreted and executed at run time.
_ script
provides a unified interface to access data from any programming language that uses the underlying OLE- DB objects.
_ ActiveX Data Objects, ADO,
The Microsoft___ framework is a component-based platform for developing distributed, heterogeneous, interoperable applications aimed at manipulating any type of data over any network under any operating system and any programming language.
_ .NET
is an application programming interface that allows a Java program to interact with a wide range of data sources (relational databases, tabular data sources, spreadsheets, and text files).
_ Java Database Connectivity JDBC
webpages are at the heart of current generation websites.
_ Dynamic
APIs are faster than_______ scripts because the code resides in memory and there is no need to run an external program for each request.
Common Gateway Interface Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
Regardless of the type of web server interface used, a web-to-database_____________ program must be able to connect with a database.
_ middleware
A web__ server is a middleware application that expands the functionality of web servers by linking them to a wide range of services.
_ application
To prevent the server from performing all data validation,__________ data input validation is one of the most basic requirements for web applications.
_ client-side
, or transactions done over the Internet, enables all types of organizations to sell products and services to a global market.
_ E-commerce
XML is derived from the______________ , an international standard for the publication and distribution of highly complex technical documents.
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
XML tags must be well formed, that is, each opening tag must have a corresponding____ __ tag.
_ closing
A(n)_____ _ provides limited additional semantic value to XML, such as data type support or data validation rules.
document type definition (DTD)
A DBMS that supports__ exchanges can integrate with external systems such as the web, mobile data, and legacy systems, thus enabling the creation of new types of systems.
_ XML
In the context of data quality management tools,_______software is one that gathers statistics, analyzes existing data sources and metadata to determine patterns, and compares the patterns against standards that the organization has defined.
__data-profiling
In the context of an organization’s managerial structure,______decisions are short term and affect only daily operations; for example, deciding to change the price of a product to clear it from inventory.
__operational
In the context of database administration,_______is the extent to which individuals and organizations have the right to determine the Ðwho, what, when, where, and howÓ of data usage.
__privacy
The___________aspect of introducing a DBMS in an organization deals with hardware and software changes in the organization.
__technological
in the context of the advancements in DBMS technology, the use of______data services can free the DBA from many lower-level technology-oriented tasks.
__cloud
In case a company installs several incompatible databases and assigns a DBA for each of them, the general coordinator of all such DBAs is known as the_______administrator.
__systems
The__________, also known as the information resource manager (IRM), usually reports directly to top management and is given a higher degree of responsibility and authority than the DBA, although the two roles can overlap.
data administrator
Based on the type of decision-making support required, database users may be classified into: operational, tactical, or _____.
__strategic
The requirement that a password must have a maximum of 12 characters is an example of a(n)___.
__standard
The DSOs activities are often classified as_______management, which includes all DBA activities designed to ensure data availability following a physical calamity or a database integrity failure.
__disaster
In the context of ensuring integrity of a database, a(n)______transaction is one that does not overload the DBMS.
__efficient
The DBA must review the database application design to ensure that transactions are____, meaning that they mirror real-world events.
__correct
Performance monitoring and________activities are designed to ensure that the DBMS, utilities, and applications maintain satisfactory performance levels.
__tuning
Within the data security framework,________is concerned with keeping data consistent and free of errors or anomalies.
__integrity
A security___________is a weakness in a system component that could be exploited to allow unauthorized access or cause service disruptions.
__vulnerability
Tools used to automate part or all of the Systems Development Life Cycle.
computer-aided systems engineering (CASE)
The person responsible for planning, organizing, controlling, and monitoring the centralized and shared corporate database. The DBA is the general manager of the database administration department.
database administrator (DBA)
Data that contain inaccuracies and/or inconsistencies.
dirty data
The set of DBA activities dedicated to securing data availability following a physical disaster or a database integrity failure.
disaster management
A complete copy of an entire database saved and periodically updated in a separate memory location. A full backup ensures a full recovery of all data after a physical disaster or database integrity failure.
full backup (database dump)
The output of the information engineering process that serves as the basis for planning, developing, and controlling future information systems.
information systems architecture (ISA)
In business intelligence, a collection of concepts, techniques, and processes for the proper identification, definition, and management of data elements within an organization.
master data management (MDM)
In Oracle, a named collection of database access privileges that authorize a user to connect to a database and use its system resources.
role
The person responsible for coordinating an organization’s data-processing activities.
systems administrator
In a DBMS, a logical storage space used to group related data. Also known as a file group.
tablespace
The data access component of Microsoft’s .NET application development framework, which is a component-based platform for developing distributed, heterogeneous, and interoperable applications aimed at manipulating any type of data over any network using any operating system and programming language.
ADO.NET
A computing model that provides ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable resources that can be rapidly provisioned.
cloud computing
A Web server interface standard that uses script files to perform specific functions based on a client’s parameters.
Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
A name that identifies and defines an ODBC data source.
data source name (DSN)
An application programming interface that allows a Java program to interact with a wide range of data sources, including relational databases, tabular data sources, spreadsheets, and text files.
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
Database middleware developed by Microsoft to provide a database access API to Windows applications.
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
A programming language that is not compiled, but is interpreted and executed at run time.
script
Within the Microsoft application framework, a collection of technologies used to access any type of data source and to manage the data through a common interface.
Universal Data Access (UDA)
An advanced data definition language used to describe the elements, data types, relationship types, ranges, and default values of XML data documents. One of the main advantages of an XML schema is that it more closely maps to database terminology and features.
XML schema
A file that contains the description of an XML document.
XML schema definition (XSD)
A specification used to define the rules by which XML data are formatted and displayed. The XSL specification is divided into two parts: Extensible Style Language Transformations and XSL style sheets.
XSL (Extensible Style Language)
The general mechanism used to extract and process data from one XML document and enable its transformation within another document.
XSLT (Extensible Style Language Transformations)
A comprehensive, cohesive, and integrated set of tools and processes used to capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data with the purpose of generating and presenting information to support business decision making.
business intelligence (BI)
In business intelligence, a Web-based system that presents key business performance indicators or information in a single, integrated view with clear and concise graphics.
dashboard
The multidimensional data structure used to store and manipulate data in a multidimensional DBMS. The location of each data value in the data cube is based on its x-, y-, and z-axes. Data cubes are static, meaning they must be created before they are used, so they cannot be created by an ad hoc query.
data cube
A small, single-subject data warehouse subset that provides decision support to a small group of people.
data mart
A process that employs automated tools to analyze data in a data warehouse and other sources and to proactively identify possible relationships and anomalies.
data mining
An integrated, subject-oriented, time-variant, nonvolatile collection of data that provides support for decision making, according to Bill Inmon, the acknowledged father of the data warehouse.
data warehouse
In a star schema design, qualifying characteristics that provide additional perspectives to a given fact.
dimensions
To decompose data into more atomic components that is, data at lower levels of aggregation. This approach is used primarily in a decision support system to focus on specific geographic areas, business types, and so on.
drill down
In a data warehouse, the star schema table that contains facts linked and classified through their common dimensions. A fact table is in a one-to-many relationship with each associated dimension table.
fact table
In business intelligence, quantifiable numeric or scale-based measurements that assess a company’s effectiveness or success in reaching strategic and operational goals. Examples of KPI are product turnovers, sales by promotion, sales by employee, and earnings per share.
key performance indicators (KPIs)
In business intelligence, a collection of concepts, techniques, and processes for the proper identification, definition, and management of data elements within an organization.
master data management (MDM)
An extension of online analytical processing to multidimensional database management systems.
multidimensional online analytical processing
Decision support system tools that use multidimensional data analysis techniques. OLAP creates an advanced data analysis environment that supports decision making, business modeling, and operations research.
online analytical processing (OLAP)
Data analytics that use advanced statistical and modeling techniques to predict future business outcomes with great accuracy.
predictive analytics
In SQL, an OLAP extension used with the GROUP BY clause to aggregate data by different dimensions. Rolling up the data is the exact opposite of drilling down the data.
roll up
The ability to cut slices off a data cube to perform a more detailed analysis.
slice and dice
A type of star schema in which dimension tables can have their own dimension tables. The snowflake schema is usually the result of normalizing dimension tables.
snowflake schema
A data modeling technique used to map multidimensional decision support data into a relational database. The star schema represents data using a central table known as a fact table in a 1:M relationship with one or more dimension tables.
star schema
Databases that contain huge amounts of data gigabyte, terabyte, and petabyte ranges are not unusual.
very large databases (VLDBs)
The arrangement of hardware and software components to form a system composed of clients, servers, and middleware. The client/server architecture features a user of resources, or a client, and a provider of resources, or a server.
client/server architecture
A characteristic of a DDBMS that allows a single object to be broken into two or more segments or fragments. The object might be a user’s database, a system database, or a table. Each fragment can be stored at any site on a computer network.
data fragmentation
A characteristic of a DDBMS that allows a single object to be broken into two or more segments or fragments. The object might be a user’s database, a system database, or a table. Each fragment can be stored at any site on a computer network.
data fragmentation
The storage of duplicated database fragments at multiple sites on a DDBMS. Duplication of the fragments is transparent to the end user. Data replication provides fault tolerance and performance enhancements.
data replication
A logically related database that is stored in two or more physically independent sites.
distributed database
A DBMS that supports a database distributed across several different sites; a DDBMS governs the storage and processing of logically related data over interconnected computer systems in which both data and processing functions are distributed among several sites.
distributed database management system
A DDBMS feature that allows a distributed database to look like a single logical database to an end user.
distribution transparency
A system that integrates different types of centralized database management systems over a network.
heterogeneous DDBMS
A system that integrates only one type of centralized database management system over a network.
homogeneous DDBMS
In partitioned databases, one or more attributes in a table that determine the fragment in which a row will be stored.
partition key
A DDBMS property that ensures database transactions will maintain the distributed database’s integrity and consistency, and that a transaction will be completed only when all database sites involved complete their part of the transaction.
transaction transparency
In distributed database design, the process that breaks a table into a subset of columns from the original table. Fragments must share a common primary key.
vertical fragmentation
