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Sql Advanced DataBase > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Disjoint subtypes are also known as ____ subtypes

A

non-overlapping

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2
Q

Specialization is based on grouping ____ characteristics and relationships of the subtypes.

A

unique

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3
Q

Usually, a data modeler uses a natural identifier as the ____ of the entity being modeled, assuming that the entity has a natural identifier

A

Primary key

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4
Q

Unique values can be better managed when they are _____, because the database can use internal routines to implement a counter-style attribute that automatically increments values with the addition of each new row

A

numeric

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5
Q

composite primary keys are particularly useful as identifiers of composite entities, where each Primary key combination is allowed____in the M:N relationship.

A

once

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6
Q

Composite keys are useful as identifiers of weak entities, where the weak entity has a strong___ relationship with the parent entity.

A

identifying

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7
Q

One practical advantage of a(n) ____key is that because it has no intrinsic meaning, values for it can be generated by the DBMS to ensure that unique values are always provided.

A

surrogate

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8
Q

While using a surrogate key, one must ensure that the candidate key of the entity in question performs properly through the use of the “___” and “not null” constraints.

A

unique index

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9
Q

From a data modeling point of view, ____ data refer to data who’s values change over time and for which one must keep a history of the data changes.

A

Time-variant

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10
Q

The main concern with redundant relationships is that they remain____across the model

A

consistent

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11
Q

____ are characteristics of entities

A

Attributes

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12
Q

A(n)____ attribute is an attribute that must have a value

A

required

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13
Q

A person’s Social Security number would be an example of a(n)____ attribute

A

single-valued

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14
Q

a(n)____attribute need not be physically stored within the database

A

derived

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15
Q

When indicating cardinality, the first value represents the ____ number of associated entities

A

minimum

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16
Q

The concept of relationship strength is based on how the ____ of a related entity is defined.

A

primary key

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17
Q

A(n) ____ relationship is also known as an identifying relationship.

A

strong

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18
Q

A weak entity must be ____-dependent

A

existence

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19
Q

The Chen notation identifies a weak entity by using a double-walled entity

A

rectangle

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20
Q

Participation is____ if one entity occurrence does not require a or responding entity occurrence in a particular relationship.

A

optional

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21
Q

A table is also called a (n)____ because the relational model’s creator, E.F. Codd use the two terms as synonyms.

A

relation

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22
Q

in a relational table, each column has a specific range of values known as the _____domain.

A

attribute

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23
Q

in a relational model, ____ are also used to establish relationships among tables and to ensure the integrity of the data.

A

keys

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24
Q

A primary key is the____key chosen to be the primary means by which rows of a table are uniquely identified.

A

candidate

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25
Q

To avoid nulls, some designers use special codes, known as _____, to indicate the absence of some value.

A

flags

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26
Q

The relational operators have the property of ____; that is, the use of relational algebra operators on existing relations (tables) produces new relations.

A

closure

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27
Q

PRODUCT yields all possible pairs of rows from two tables, also known as the ____ product

A

Cartesian

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28
Q

____ is the real power behind the relational database, allowing the use of independent tables linked by common attributes

A

JOIN

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29
Q

A(n) ____links tables on the basis of an equality condition that compares specified columns of each table.

A

equijoin

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30
Q

A(n) ____ provides a detailed description of all tables in the database created by the user and designer.

A

data dictionary

31
Q

___ is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning.

A

Information

32
Q

to reveal meaning, information requires____

A

context

33
Q

Information is produced by processing___.

A

data

34
Q

____ is data about data through which the end-user data are integrated and managed

A

Metadata

35
Q

A(n)_____ is a specific request issued to the DBMS for data manipulation.

A

query

36
Q

____databases focuses primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making.

A

Analytical

37
Q

____ is a special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a textual format.

A

XML(Extensible Markup Language)

38
Q

A(n) ____ is a spur-of-the-moment question

A

ad hoc query

39
Q

___exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places.

A

Data inconsistency

40
Q

____exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places.

A

Data redundancy

41
Q

A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. Common______ _____ functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing

A

Data Management

42
Q

The process that yields the description of the database structure and determines the database componenets. ______ ______ is the second phase of the database life cycle

A

Database Design

43
Q

The collection of programs that manages the database

A

Database Management System (DBMS)

44
Q

51- ____ is used to reveal the meaning of data

A

Information

45
Q

68-In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to insure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable.

A

keys

46
Q

14- you can think of a table as a persistent representation of a logical relation

A

True

47
Q

A minimal superkey; that is, a key that does not contain a subset of attributes that is itself a superkey

A

Candidate key

48
Q

a primary key can be made up of one or more attributes

A

True

49
Q

88-an entity cluster is formed by combining multiple interrelated entities into _____

A

a single abstract entity

50
Q

75-Some attributes are classified as _____

A

simple

51
Q

A constraint that specifies whether each entity supertype occurrence must also be a member of at least one subtype. The ______ _______ can be partial or total.

A

Completeness constraint

52
Q

______means that some supertype occurrences might not be members of any subtype

A

Partial completeness

53
Q

___means that every supertype occurrence must be a member of at least one subtype.

A

Total completeness

54
Q

Aproblem that occurs when a realtionship is improperly or incompletely identified and therfor is represented in a waay that is not consistent with the real world. The most common ___ ___ is know as a fan trap

A

Design Trap

55
Q

The ____ ____ ____ resulting from the application of extended entity realitonsip concepts that proved additional semantic content in the er model

A

EER diagram

56
Q

A virtual entity type used to represent multiple entites and relationships in the erd and ___ ___ is formed by combining multiple interrelated entities into a single abstract entity in the final erd

A

entity cluster

57
Q

In a genreralization/ specialization hierarchy a subset of an entity supertyp. the ____ _____ contains the common characteriscs of entity subtypes

A

Entity supertype

58
Q

The result of adding more semantic constructs, such as entity supertypes, entity subtypes and entity clustering, to the original entity relationship model

A

Exentended entity relationship model (eerm)

59
Q

In the object-oreiented data model, the ability of an object to inherit the data sturctue and mehtods of theclasses above it in the class hierarchy

A

Inheritance

60
Q

A generallly accepted identifier for real0world objects. as its name implies an ___ ___ is a familiiar to end users and forms part of ther day-to-day business vocab

A

Natural Key

61
Q

in a generalization hierarrchy, a condition in which some supertype ocurrences might not be members of any subtype

A

Partial completeness

62
Q

the grouping of unique attribute into a sub types entity

A

Specialization

63
Q

an entity that coontains unique characteristics within a more broadly defined enntity known as a supertype

A

subtype

64
Q

___ ___ an er term for an association between two entities.

A

Binary relationship

65
Q

__ ____ an attribute that can be further subdivieded to yeild additional attributes

A

Composite attribute

66
Q

In er modley a key composed of more than one attribute.

A

Composite identifier

67
Q

a reltionship in which related entities are existence-dependent.

A

Identifying relatinoship

68
Q

A process based on repeitiion of steps and procedures

A

Iterative process

69
Q

a relationship in which one entity occurence must have a corresponding occurence in another entity

A

Mandatory participation

70
Q

and attribute that can ahve many values for a single entity occurence

A

Multivalued attributes

71
Q

A relationship in which the primary key of the dependent entity does not conatina the primary key of the related parent entity

A

Non-identifying relationship

72
Q

in er modelinng an attribute that does not requier a vlaue

A

optional attribute

73
Q

the organization of a relational database as described by the database administrator

A

Relational schema

74
Q

The number of entites or participatns assciated with a relationship

A

Relationship degree

Sql Advanced DataBase (8 decks)

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