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Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What happens when a positive wave of depolarization ( contraction) moves towards a positive skin electrode?

A

You get a positive ( upward) deflection in the EKG

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1
Q

What is An Electrocardiogram?

A

A graphic tracing of electrical currents created within the heart muscle.

Records electrical activity of the heart

Inscribed on ruled graph paper giving you a valuable permanent record of the hearts electrical activity.

Ekg gives us info on the heart during various stages of stimulation and also Info on the heart during the resting and recovery stages

Electrical activity can be detected by an external skin sense called electrodes

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2
Q

What happens when the wave of depolarization moves away from a positive electrode ?

A

It creates a negative deflection ( downward)

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3
Q

When a depolarization wave moves perpendicular to a positive electrode it creates what ?

A

An equiphasic ( isoelectric) complex

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4
Q

Who invented the string galvanometer ?

A

Wilhem Einthoven

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5
Q

Who is Wilhem Einthoven?

A

Developed the string galvanometer

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6
Q

When was the string galvanometer invented ?

A

1901

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7
Q

What does a string galvanometer do?

A

Converts electrical activity into motion

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8
Q

What were each wave of cardiac cycles named ?

A

P q r s t

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9
Q

What are the 3 phases of normal electrical activity?

A

Polarization

Depolarization

Repolarization

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10
Q

What is the phase of readiness ?

A

Polarization

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11
Q

What is the phase of contraction ?

A

Depolarization

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12
Q

What is the phase of recovery?

A

Repolorization

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13
Q

What is polarization?

A

Phase of readiness

Muscle cells are relaxed and ready to receive an electrical impulse

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14
Q

What is depolarization ?

A

Phase of contraction

Cardiac cells have transmitted an electrical impulse, causing cardiac muscle to contract ..

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15
Q

What is repolarization ?

A

Recovery phase

Muscle cells have contracted and cells are returning to a ready state.

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16
Q

What are channels ?

A

Cell membranes that are designed to allow certain chemicals.

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17
Q

What is an ion?

A

It’s responsible for making the cells contract

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18
Q

S e x stand for

A

Sodium. Exterior

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19
Q

P I N stand for

A

Potassium interior

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20
Q

What are the 4 common characteristics of cardiac cells?

A

Automaticity

Excitability

Contractility

Conductivity

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21
Q

What is automaticity?

A

The ability of cardiac cells to generate their own electrical stimulus

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22
Q

What is Conductivity?

A

The ability of cardiac cells to receive an electrical stimulus and then transmit it to other cardiac cells

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23
Q

What is Contractility?

A

The ability of cardiac cells to shorten causing cardiac muscle to contract in response to an electrical stimulus ?

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24
What common characteristics of cardiac cells are electrical ?
Automaticity and excitability
25
What characteristics of cardiac cells and mechanical?
Conductivity and Contractility
26
What is SA node?
One of the major elements in the cardiac conduction system , system that controls the heart rate.
27
Where is the SA node located?
In the right atrium
28
What does SA node stand for ?
Sinoatrial
29
SA node is the hearts natural ? What
Pace maker
30
What does the SA nodes natural pacemaker consist of?
A cluster of cells that are situated in upper parts of the wall of the right atrium . The electrical impulse are generated there..
31
What else is the SA node stand for?
Sinus node
32
What is the job of the SA node?
SA node fires causing Atrial depolarization then the impulse goes to the AV node ( 1/10 of a second pause) then goes to the branches down the right and left bundle branches to the Purkinje Fibers causing the ventricles to depolarize.
33
What is ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART?
Normal conduction of the electrical impulse
34
SA node is the dominant pacemaker located where ?
In the right atrium
35
What is the SA nodes pacing activity known as ?
Sinus rhythm
36
The ability to generate pacemaking activity is ?
Automaticity
37
Normal seconds of PRI?
.12 - .2 seconds
38
Normal rate of QRS
.06- .10 seconds
39
Normal rate of QT?
.36 - .44 seconds
40
What does a P wave represent ?
First waveform to appear is the P wave Represents the impulse that causes atria to contract Atrial depolarization ( looks like small bump upwards from baseline) .06 - .10 seconds
41
What does the T wave indicate?
Repolarization of ventricles as they charge themselves in preparation for another impulse ( matticular depolarization) Waveform that follows after a pause the QRS T waves have downward negative deflection
42
What does QRS indicate?
Ventricular depolorization Depolarization triggers contraction of ventricles QRS is larger than P wave .06-.10 seconds
43
Readiness wave is
Polarization
44
Contraction wave is
Depolorization
45
Recovery phase is
Repolarization
46
What is the natural pace make of the heart
SA node
47
What does the ST segment represent ?
The early part of ventricles repolarization
48
Where is the ST SEGMENT?
Line from end of QRS complex to beginning of T wave Should be horizontal
49
What does the QT represent?
The time of ventricular activity inufing both depolarization and repolorization
50
Where is the QT measured?
Measured from beginning of QRS complex to end of t wave .36- .44. Q wave is first downwards stroke
51
When ventricles depolarize what happens ?
It creates QRS complex
52
When atrium depolarize what happens ?
you get a P wave
53
When ventricles depolarize what happens ?
You get QRS
54
SEMI
HALF
55
WNL
WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS
56
ISCHEMIA
OBSTRUCTION OF BLOOD
57
HYPO
BELOW
58
ANTI
AGAINST
59
AXILLARY
ARMPIT
60
MM
MILLIMETER
61
ACUTE
SUDDEN , SHARP, SEVERE
62
FEBRILE
FEVER
63
DEFIBRILLATION
SHOCK TO HEART TO START THE HEART

EKG (5 decks)

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