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EKG > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What happens when a positive wave of depolarization ( contraction) moves towards a positive skin electrode?

A

You get a positive ( upward) deflection in the EKG

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1
Q

What is An Electrocardiogram?

A

A graphic tracing of electrical currents created within the heart muscle.

Records electrical activity of the heart

Inscribed on ruled graph paper giving you a valuable permanent record of the hearts electrical activity.

Ekg gives us info on the heart during various stages of stimulation and also Info on the heart during the resting and recovery stages

Electrical activity can be detected by an external skin sense called electrodes

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2
Q

What happens when the wave of depolarization moves away from a positive electrode ?

A

It creates a negative deflection ( downward)

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3
Q

When a depolarization wave moves perpendicular to a positive electrode it creates what ?

A

An equiphasic ( isoelectric) complex

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4
Q

Who invented the string galvanometer ?

A

Wilhem Einthoven

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5
Q

Who is Wilhem Einthoven?

A

Developed the string galvanometer

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6
Q

When was the string galvanometer invented ?

A

1901

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7
Q

What does a string galvanometer do?

A

Converts electrical activity into motion

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8
Q

What were each wave of cardiac cycles named ?

A

P q r s t

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9
Q

What are the 3 phases of normal electrical activity?

A

Polarization

Depolarization

Repolarization

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10
Q

What is the phase of readiness ?

A

Polarization

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11
Q

What is the phase of contraction ?

A

Depolarization

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12
Q

What is the phase of recovery?

A

Repolorization

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13
Q

What is polarization?

A

Phase of readiness

Muscle cells are relaxed and ready to receive an electrical impulse

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14
Q

What is depolarization ?

A

Phase of contraction

Cardiac cells have transmitted an electrical impulse, causing cardiac muscle to contract ..

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15
Q

What is repolarization ?

A

Recovery phase

Muscle cells have contracted and cells are returning to a ready state.

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16
Q

What are channels ?

A

Cell membranes that are designed to allow certain chemicals.

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17
Q

What is an ion?

A

It’s responsible for making the cells contract

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18
Q

S e x stand for

A

Sodium. Exterior

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19
Q

P I N stand for

A

Potassium interior

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20
Q

What are the 4 common characteristics of cardiac cells?

A

Automaticity

Excitability

Contractility

Conductivity

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21
Q

What is automaticity?

A

The ability of cardiac cells to generate their own electrical stimulus

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22
Q

What is Conductivity?

A

The ability of cardiac cells to receive an electrical stimulus and then transmit it to other cardiac cells

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23
Q

What is Contractility?

A

The ability of cardiac cells to shorten causing cardiac muscle to contract in response to an electrical stimulus ?

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24
Q

What common characteristics of cardiac cells are electrical ?

A

Automaticity and excitability

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25
Q

What characteristics of cardiac cells and mechanical?

A

Conductivity and Contractility

26
Q

What is SA node?

A

One of the major elements in the cardiac conduction system , system that controls the heart rate.

27
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

In the right atrium

28
Q

What does SA node stand for ?

A

Sinoatrial

29
Q

SA node is the hearts natural ? What

A

Pace maker

30
Q

What does the SA nodes natural pacemaker consist of?

A

A cluster of cells that are situated in upper parts of the wall of the right atrium . The electrical impulse are generated there..

31
Q

What else is the SA node stand for?

A

Sinus node

32
Q

What is the job of the SA node?

A

SA node fires causing Atrial depolarization then the impulse goes to the AV node ( 1/10 of a second pause) then goes to the branches down the right and left bundle branches to the Purkinje Fibers causing the ventricles to depolarize.

33
Q

What is ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART?

A

Normal conduction of the electrical impulse

34
Q

SA node is the dominant pacemaker located where ?

A

In the right atrium

35
Q

What is the SA nodes pacing activity known as ?

A

Sinus rhythm

36
Q

The ability to generate pacemaking activity is ?

A

Automaticity

37
Q

Normal seconds of PRI?

A

.12 - .2 seconds

38
Q

Normal rate of QRS

A

.06- .10 seconds

39
Q

Normal rate of QT?

A

.36 - .44 seconds

40
Q

What does a P wave represent ?

A

First waveform to appear is the P wave

Represents the impulse that causes atria to contract

Atrial depolarization ( looks like small bump upwards from baseline)

.06 - .10 seconds

41
Q

What does the T wave indicate?

A

Repolarization of ventricles as they charge themselves in preparation for another impulse

( matticular depolarization)
Waveform that follows after a pause the QRS

T waves have downward negative deflection

42
Q

What does QRS indicate?

A

Ventricular depolorization

Depolarization triggers contraction of ventricles

QRS is larger than P wave

.06-.10 seconds

43
Q

Readiness wave is

A

Polarization

44
Q

Contraction wave is

A

Depolorization

45
Q

Recovery phase is

A

Repolarization

46
Q

What is the natural pace make of the heart

A

SA node

47
Q

What does the ST segment represent ?

A

The early part of ventricles repolarization

48
Q

Where is the ST SEGMENT?

A

Line from end of QRS complex to beginning of T wave

Should be horizontal

49
Q

What does the QT represent?

A

The time of ventricular activity inufing both depolarization and repolorization

50
Q

Where is the QT measured?

A

Measured from beginning of QRS complex to end of t wave
.36- .44.

Q wave is first downwards stroke

51
Q

When ventricles depolarize what happens ?

A

It creates QRS complex

52
Q

When atrium depolarize what happens ?

A

you get a P wave

53
Q

When ventricles depolarize what happens ?

A

You get QRS

54
Q

SEMI

A

HALF

55
Q

WNL

A

WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS

56
Q

ISCHEMIA

A

OBSTRUCTION OF BLOOD

57
Q

HYPO

A

BELOW

58
Q

ANTI

A

AGAINST

59
Q

AXILLARY

A

ARMPIT

60
Q

MM

A

MILLIMETER

61
Q

ACUTE

A

SUDDEN , SHARP, SEVERE

62
Q

FEBRILE

A

FEVER

63
Q

DEFIBRILLATION

A

SHOCK TO HEART TO START THE HEART

EKG (5 decks)

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