Test 2 Flashcards
Which pathogenicity island in salmonella promotes invasion of enterocytes?
SPI-1
Enterocytes release what cytokine in salmonella infections?
IL-8
IL-8 stimulates what response in salmonella infections?
PMNs
Macrophages release what cytokine in salmonella infections?
IL-1B, IL-18
Which pathogenicity island in salmonella promotes the survival in macrophages?
SPI-2
Major transmission route in salmonella?
Fecal-oral
Salmonella serotype dublin infects what species?
cattle, humans (from milk)
Salmonella serotype typhi infects what species?
humans
Salmonella serotype paratyphi infects what species?
humans
Salmonella serotype typhimurium infects what species?
cattle, sheep (mostly), swine, equine, Humans
Salmonella serotype newport infects what species?
cattle
Salmonella serotype abortus-ovis infects what species?
Sheep and Goats
Salmonella serotype cholerasuis infects what species?
Swine, Humans
Salmonella serotype abortus-suis infects what species?
Swine
Salmonella serotype anatum infects what species?
Equine
Salmonella serotype abortus-equi infects what species?
Equine
Salmonella serotype pullorum causes what disease?
Pullorum diseases
Salmonella serotype gallinarum causes what disease?
Fowl Typhoid
Salmonella serotype enteritidis infects what species?
Humans
Is salmonella hemolytic?
No
Is salmonella lactose positive?
No
Will salmonella grow on MacConkey agar?
Yes
The Salmonella triple sugar iron tube show the presence of what substance?
H2S
Red Mouth disease?
Y. ruckeri
What is different about Yersinia’s LPS layer?
No O-antigen
What is different about Histophilus somni’s LPS layer?
LOS not LPS
What flea transmits Yersinia?
Rodent flea, not the cat/dog flea!
Important toxin in Yersinia for the colonization in flea gut?
Ymt (murine)
Ymt (murine) toxin in present in what bacteria?
Y. pestis
Toxin that causes diarrhea with Yersinia?
Yst (stable)
Yst (stable) toxin in present in what bacteria?
Y. enterocolitica
Shipping fever
M. haemolytica, P. multocida trehalosi
Shipping fever is common with what coinfection?
Bovine rhinotracheitis
What pasteurellaceae doesn’t grow on MacConkey agar?
P. multocida
Is P. multocida hemolytic?
Not usually
Is m. hemolitica hemolytic?
Yes
Is Bibersteinia hemolytic?
Yes
Toxin associated with Mannheim and Bibersteinia?
Leukotoxin (RTX toxin)
Fish bacteria in saltwater/halophilic water?
P. damsela
Fish bacteria in freshwater?
Y. ruckeri
Bipolar staining bacteria?
Yersinia and Pasturellaceae
Wooden tongue?
Actinobacillus lignieresii
Lumpy jaw?
Actinomyces
NAD producing colonies?
Actinobacillus pleuropneuoniae and Histophilus somni with S. aureus
Term for colonies clustering around V-factor
satellitism
X factor?
Porphyrins (Haemophilus and Histophilus)
V factor?
NAD (Haemophilus, Hisophilus, Actinobacillus)
Sleepy foal disease?
Actinobacillus equuli equuli (neonates)
Infectious coryza?
Avibacterium paragallinarium
Glasser’s disease
Haemophilus parasuis
Bovine thrombotic meningoencephalitis?
H. somni
Fowl cholera
P. multocida
Atrophic rhinitis?
P. multocida (and Bordatella bronchiseptica)
Snuffles?
P. multocida
New duck disease?
Riemerella anatipestifer (used to be pasteurella)
Which Yersinia occurs in warmer months?
Y. pestis
Which Yersinia occurs in colder months?
Y. pseudotuberculosis
Which Yersinia is worldwide?
Y. pseudotuberculosis
Which Yersinia occurs in Western North America, southern Asia, southern and western Africa, north-central South America?
Y. pestis
When does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae generally occur?
Colder months
Distribution of Actinobacillus?
Worldwide
P. multocida has a high mortality in cattle in what region?
Asia and Africa
Bacteria without a capsule?
Truperella, Mycobacterium, Shigella
Species for T. pyogenes
ruminants, swine
Most purulent bacteria of all trauma related organisms?
T. pyogenes
Important diagnostic factor in Actinobaculum suis?
Urease
Is truperella hemolytic?
Yes
Summer mastitis
T. pyogenes
Important virulence factor in T. pyogenes
pyolysin O (pore forming)
Virulence factor of T. progenies that aids in the adhesion and spread?
Neuraminiase
Treatment of T. pyogenes
Drain abscess
Species affected by Actinobaculum suis
Boars
Conditions caused by A. suis
Cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Renal Failure
Pink bacteria?
Rhodococcus
What makes Rhodococcus acid fast?
Mycolic acids
What cell does Rhodoccocus survive in?
Macrophages
Rhodococcus diagnostic factors: Catalase, Oxidase, CAMP
C+, O+, CAMP+
Shape of rhodococcus?
watermelon seeds
Important Rhodoccocus genus in young foals
R. equi
R. equi causes what disease in foals?
enteritis, pneumonia, pyogranulomatous brochopneumonia
Disease caused by R. qui in swine?
TB-like lesions in cervical lymph nodes
What bacteria is common with EHV-4?
Rhodococcus
Peritrichous flagella?
Listeria
Listeria monocytogenes is CAMP + with what bacteria?
S. aureus
Listeria invanovii is CAMP + with what bacteria?
R. equi
Diagnostic characteristics of Listeria? Cat? Ox?
C+, O-
Cells affected by listeria?
Macrophages, Phagocytes
Conditions caused by listeria?
Septicemia, Encephalitis, Abortion
Important pore forming virulence factor for Listeria?
LLO (listeriolysin O)
Important virulence factor in listeria that enhances phagocytosis?
Internalin
Silage disease?
Listeria
Circling disease?
Listeria
Important disease that Listeria causes in humans?
meningitis
Seasons that Listeria dominates?
Winter/Spring
What two groups of animals (not species!) are more susceptible to Listeria infection?
Neonates
Pregger People
What species has a vaccine for Listeria?
Sheep
What happens to listeria in the motility test?
Umbrella shape
Sunny side up eggs on agar?
Actinobaculum suis
Pinpoint colonies surrounded by hemolysis?
Truperella
Part of the lung that R. qui affects?
Cranioventral
Important virulence factor for Listeria that allows the bacteria to invade the cells?
ActA
Spore forming bacteria?
Bacillus, Clostridium
Diagnostic characteristics of bacillus? Cat? Ox?
C+, O-
Infectious unit of bacillus?
Spore
What symptoms may you see of Bacillus on a carcass?
Epistaxis, lack of rigor mortis
Black eschor in humans?
Bacillus
Vaccine for Bacillus that prevents capsule formation?
Sterne Strain Vaccine
Target of Bacillus vaccine?
Protective antigen (PA)
Stain for Bacillus?
Mcfadden’s Methylene Blue
Medusa head culture?
Bacillus
String of pearls test?
Bacillus
Ascoli test?
Bacillus
Reportable bacteria?
Bacillus, Mycobacterium
Important diagnostic characteristic for Erysipelothrix?
Coagulase Positive
Important virulence factor for Erysipelothrix?
Neuraminidase
What species is most affected by Erysipelothrix?
Swine
Age of most swine affected by Erysipelothrix?
6m-3y
Symptom in the septic form of Erysipelothrix?
Palpable lesions
Symptom in the chronic form of Erysipelothrix?
Endocarditis, arthritis
Which form of Erysipelothrix is hard to treat/has a high fatality rate?
Acute-high mortality
Chronic- hard to treat
Cyanotic snood?
Erysipelothrix in birds
Zoonotic bacteria?
Erysipelothrix, Mycobacterium, E. coli
H2S producers?
Erysipelothrix
Diamond skin disease?
Erysipelothrix
Acid fast bacteria?
Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia
Cord factor?
Mycobacterium
What cell does Mycobacerium survive in?
Macrophages
Primates generally have what species of Mycobacteria?
tuberculosis
Non-primates generally have what species of Mycobacteria?
bovis
Birds generally have what species of mycobacteria?
avium
M. tuberculosis in cattle causes what symptoms?
Skin lesions
Horses are generally affected by what Mycobacteria?
avium
Mycobacteria in swine?
M. bovis
Marie’s disease?
Mycobacteria in dogs
Hunchback in humans?
M. bovis
Reverse zoonosis?
Mycobacteria
Test for mycobacteria?
Tuberculin test
Johne’s disease?
M. avium
Incubation time for M. avian tuberculosis?
12 months
Johne’s disease causes what to happen to the intestines?
transverse corrugation
Cows predisposed to Johne’s disease?
Guernsey, Jersey, Shorthorn
Growth of M. avium paratuberculosis relies on what factor?
Mycobactin
Most reliable way to diagnose Johne’s disease?
lymphocyte proliferation assay
Feline leprosy?
M. lepraemurium
Ulcerative dermatitis of cats and dogs?
M. fortitum, M. chelonae
Bovine farcy?
M. farcinogenen, M. senegalenses, Nocardia
Fast growing aquatic mycobacterium?
M. fortuium, M. Chelonae
Slow growing aquatic mycobacterium?
M. marinum
This clostridium toxin is more in babies?
Beta
Clostridium toxin that is activated by trypsin?
Epsilon
Most important clostridium toxin?
Alpha
Overeating bacteria?
Enterotoxemia Type D
Double zone of hemolysis?
Clostridium
Stormy fermentation?
Clostridium
Most important toxin in Type A C. perfringens?
A
Yellow lamb disease?
Enterotoxemia Type A
Lamb dysentery
Enterotoxemia Type B
Stuck in older ship?
Enterotoxemia Type C
Pulpy kidney disease?
Enterotoxemia Type D
Nagler’s reaction?
C. perfringens
Antibiotic diarrhea?
C. difficile
Big head of rams?
C. novyi
Black disease?
C. novyi
Iron chocolate liver?
C. novyi
Red Water/bacillary hemoglobinuria
C. haemolyticum
Leading cause of wound infections in animals?
C. septicum
Malignant edema?
C. septicum
Braxy?
C. septicum
Fasciola hepatica association?
C. novyi
Black leg?
C. chauvoei
Flaccid paralysis?
Botulism
Spastic paralysis?
Tetanus
Botulism blocks what neurotransmitter?
Ach
Limberneck?
birds
Ascending tetanus?
dogs, cats
Descending tetanus?
horse, humans
Tetanus blocks what neurotransmitter?
GABA, Glycine
Equine grass sickness?
Botulism
Footrot?
Dichelobacter, Fusobacterium
Mycetoma?
Nocardia
Lumpy jaw?
Actinomyces
Main cause of canine pyometra and cystitis?
E. coli
Important toxin in E. coli?
Shiga-Like toxin
Causes ruffles in e. coli?
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor
What group of animals does enterotoxigenic bacteria cause?
young
Region of the intestines for enterotoxigenic e. coli?
SI
Type of diarrhea for enterotoxigenic e. coli?
watery
Attaching and effacing lesions?
Enteropathogenic E. coli, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Important protein for enteropathogenic e. coli?
Intimin
Meningitis from e. coli?
Enteroinvasive
EHEC part of bowel?
LI
Part of bowel affected by Shigella?
LI
E. coli secretion?
T3
Shigella secretion?
T3
String test?
Klebsiella
Most frequently recovered veterinary bacteria?
Klebsiella
