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Bac-T > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which pathogenicity island in salmonella promotes invasion of enterocytes?

A

SPI-1

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2
Q

Enterocytes release what cytokine in salmonella infections?

A

IL-8

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3
Q

IL-8 stimulates what response in salmonella infections?

A

PMNs

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4
Q

Macrophages release what cytokine in salmonella infections?

A

IL-1B, IL-18

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5
Q

Which pathogenicity island in salmonella promotes the survival in macrophages?

A

SPI-2

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6
Q

Major transmission route in salmonella?

A

Fecal-oral

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7
Q

Salmonella serotype dublin infects what species?

A

cattle, humans (from milk)

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8
Q

Salmonella serotype typhi infects what species?

A

humans

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9
Q

Salmonella serotype paratyphi infects what species?

A

humans

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10
Q

Salmonella serotype typhimurium infects what species?

A

cattle, sheep (mostly), swine, equine, Humans

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11
Q

Salmonella serotype newport infects what species?

A

cattle

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12
Q

Salmonella serotype abortus-ovis infects what species?

A

Sheep and Goats

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13
Q

Salmonella serotype cholerasuis infects what species?

A

Swine, Humans

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14
Q

Salmonella serotype abortus-suis infects what species?

A

Swine

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15
Q

Salmonella serotype anatum infects what species?

A

Equine

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16
Q

Salmonella serotype abortus-equi infects what species?

A

Equine

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17
Q

Salmonella serotype pullorum causes what disease?

A

Pullorum diseases

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18
Q

Salmonella serotype gallinarum causes what disease?

A

Fowl Typhoid

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19
Q

Salmonella serotype enteritidis infects what species?

A

Humans

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20
Q

Is salmonella hemolytic?

A

No

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21
Q

Is salmonella lactose positive?

A

No

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22
Q

Will salmonella grow on MacConkey agar?

A

Yes

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23
Q

The Salmonella triple sugar iron tube show the presence of what substance?

A

H2S

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24
Q

Red Mouth disease?

A

Y. ruckeri

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25
Q

What is different about Yersinia’s LPS layer?

A

No O-antigen

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26
Q

What is different about Histophilus somni’s LPS layer?

A

LOS not LPS

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27
Q

What flea transmits Yersinia?

A

Rodent flea, not the cat/dog flea!

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28
Q

Important toxin in Yersinia for the colonization in flea gut?

A

Ymt (murine)

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29
Q

Ymt (murine) toxin in present in what bacteria?

A

Y. pestis

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30
Q

Toxin that causes diarrhea with Yersinia?

A

Yst (stable)

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31
Q

Yst (stable) toxin in present in what bacteria?

A

Y. enterocolitica

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32
Q

Shipping fever

A

M. haemolytica, P. multocida trehalosi

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33
Q

Shipping fever is common with what coinfection?

A

Bovine rhinotracheitis

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34
Q

What pasteurellaceae doesn’t grow on MacConkey agar?

A

P. multocida

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35
Q

Is P. multocida hemolytic?

A

Not usually

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36
Q

Is m. hemolitica hemolytic?

A

Yes

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37
Q

Is Bibersteinia hemolytic?

A

Yes

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38
Q

Toxin associated with Mannheim and Bibersteinia?

A

Leukotoxin (RTX toxin)

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39
Q

Fish bacteria in saltwater/halophilic water?

A

P. damsela

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40
Q

Fish bacteria in freshwater?

A

Y. ruckeri

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41
Q

Bipolar staining bacteria?

A

Yersinia and Pasturellaceae

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42
Q

Wooden tongue?

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

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43
Q

Lumpy jaw?

A

Actinomyces

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44
Q

NAD producing colonies?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneuoniae and Histophilus somni with S. aureus

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45
Q

Term for colonies clustering around V-factor

A

satellitism

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46
Q

X factor?

A

Porphyrins (Haemophilus and Histophilus)

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47
Q

V factor?

A

NAD (Haemophilus, Hisophilus, Actinobacillus)

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48
Q

Sleepy foal disease?

A

Actinobacillus equuli equuli (neonates)

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49
Q

Infectious coryza?

A

Avibacterium paragallinarium

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50
Q

Glasser’s disease

A

Haemophilus parasuis

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51
Q

Bovine thrombotic meningoencephalitis?

A

H. somni

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52
Q

Fowl cholera

A

P. multocida

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53
Q

Atrophic rhinitis?

A

P. multocida (and Bordatella bronchiseptica)

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54
Q

Snuffles?

A

P. multocida

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55
Q

New duck disease?

A

Riemerella anatipestifer (used to be pasteurella)

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56
Q

Which Yersinia occurs in warmer months?

A

Y. pestis

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57
Q

Which Yersinia occurs in colder months?

A

Y. pseudotuberculosis

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58
Q

Which Yersinia is worldwide?

A

Y. pseudotuberculosis

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59
Q

Which Yersinia occurs in Western North America, southern Asia, southern and western Africa, north-central South America?

A

Y. pestis

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60
Q

When does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae generally occur?

A

Colder months

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61
Q

Distribution of Actinobacillus?

A

Worldwide

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62
Q

P. multocida has a high mortality in cattle in what region?

A

Asia and Africa

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63
Q

Bacteria without a capsule?

A

Truperella, Mycobacterium, Shigella

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64
Q

Species for T. pyogenes

A

ruminants, swine

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65
Q

Most purulent bacteria of all trauma related organisms?

A

T. pyogenes

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66
Q

Important diagnostic factor in Actinobaculum suis?

A

Urease

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67
Q

Is truperella hemolytic?

A

Yes

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68
Q

Summer mastitis

A

T. pyogenes

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69
Q

Important virulence factor in T. pyogenes

A

pyolysin O (pore forming)

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70
Q

Virulence factor of T. progenies that aids in the adhesion and spread?

A

Neuraminiase

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71
Q

Treatment of T. pyogenes

A

Drain abscess

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72
Q

Species affected by Actinobaculum suis

A

Boars

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73
Q

Conditions caused by A. suis

A

Cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Renal Failure

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74
Q

Pink bacteria?

A

Rhodococcus

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75
Q

What makes Rhodococcus acid fast?

A

Mycolic acids

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76
Q

What cell does Rhodoccocus survive in?

A

Macrophages

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77
Q

Rhodococcus diagnostic factors: Catalase, Oxidase, CAMP

A

C+, O+, CAMP+

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78
Q

Shape of rhodococcus?

A

watermelon seeds

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79
Q

Important Rhodoccocus genus in young foals

A

R. equi

80
Q

R. equi causes what disease in foals?

A

enteritis, pneumonia, pyogranulomatous brochopneumonia

81
Q

Disease caused by R. qui in swine?

A

TB-like lesions in cervical lymph nodes

82
Q

What bacteria is common with EHV-4?

A

Rhodococcus

83
Q

Peritrichous flagella?

A

Listeria

84
Q

Listeria monocytogenes is CAMP + with what bacteria?

A

S. aureus

85
Q

Listeria invanovii is CAMP + with what bacteria?

A

R. equi

86
Q

Diagnostic characteristics of Listeria? Cat? Ox?

A

C+, O-

87
Q

Cells affected by listeria?

A

Macrophages, Phagocytes

88
Q

Conditions caused by listeria?

A

Septicemia, Encephalitis, Abortion

89
Q

Important pore forming virulence factor for Listeria?

A

LLO (listeriolysin O)

90
Q

Important virulence factor in listeria that enhances phagocytosis?

A

Internalin

91
Q

Silage disease?

A

Listeria

92
Q

Circling disease?

A

Listeria

93
Q

Important disease that Listeria causes in humans?

A

meningitis

94
Q

Seasons that Listeria dominates?

A

Winter/Spring

95
Q

What two groups of animals (not species!) are more susceptible to Listeria infection?

A

Neonates

Pregger People

96
Q

What species has a vaccine for Listeria?

A

Sheep

97
Q

What happens to listeria in the motility test?

A

Umbrella shape

98
Q

Sunny side up eggs on agar?

A

Actinobaculum suis

99
Q

Pinpoint colonies surrounded by hemolysis?

A

Truperella

100
Q

Part of the lung that R. qui affects?

A

Cranioventral

101
Q

Important virulence factor for Listeria that allows the bacteria to invade the cells?

A

ActA

102
Q

Spore forming bacteria?

A

Bacillus, Clostridium

103
Q

Diagnostic characteristics of bacillus? Cat? Ox?

A

C+, O-

104
Q

Infectious unit of bacillus?

A

Spore

105
Q

What symptoms may you see of Bacillus on a carcass?

A

Epistaxis, lack of rigor mortis

106
Q

Black eschor in humans?

A

Bacillus

107
Q

Vaccine for Bacillus that prevents capsule formation?

A

Sterne Strain Vaccine

108
Q

Target of Bacillus vaccine?

A

Protective antigen (PA)

109
Q

Stain for Bacillus?

A

Mcfadden’s Methylene Blue

110
Q

Medusa head culture?

A

Bacillus

111
Q

String of pearls test?

A

Bacillus

112
Q

Ascoli test?

A

Bacillus

113
Q

Reportable bacteria?

A

Bacillus, Mycobacterium

114
Q

Important diagnostic characteristic for Erysipelothrix?

A

Coagulase Positive

115
Q

Important virulence factor for Erysipelothrix?

A

Neuraminidase

116
Q

What species is most affected by Erysipelothrix?

A

Swine

117
Q

Age of most swine affected by Erysipelothrix?

A

6m-3y

118
Q

Symptom in the septic form of Erysipelothrix?

A

Palpable lesions

119
Q

Symptom in the chronic form of Erysipelothrix?

A

Endocarditis, arthritis

120
Q

Which form of Erysipelothrix is hard to treat/has a high fatality rate?

A

Acute-high mortality

Chronic- hard to treat

121
Q

Cyanotic snood?

A

Erysipelothrix in birds

122
Q

Zoonotic bacteria?

A

Erysipelothrix, Mycobacterium, E. coli

123
Q

H2S producers?

A

Erysipelothrix

124
Q

Diamond skin disease?

A

Erysipelothrix

125
Q

Acid fast bacteria?

A

Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia

126
Q

Cord factor?

A

Mycobacterium

127
Q

What cell does Mycobacerium survive in?

A

Macrophages

128
Q

Primates generally have what species of Mycobacteria?

A

tuberculosis

129
Q

Non-primates generally have what species of Mycobacteria?

A

bovis

130
Q

Birds generally have what species of mycobacteria?

A

avium

131
Q

M. tuberculosis in cattle causes what symptoms?

A

Skin lesions

132
Q

Horses are generally affected by what Mycobacteria?

A

avium

133
Q

Mycobacteria in swine?

A

M. bovis

134
Q

Marie’s disease?

A

Mycobacteria in dogs

135
Q

Hunchback in humans?

A

M. bovis

136
Q

Reverse zoonosis?

A

Mycobacteria

137
Q

Test for mycobacteria?

A

Tuberculin test

138
Q

Johne’s disease?

A

M. avium

139
Q

Incubation time for M. avian tuberculosis?

A

12 months

140
Q

Johne’s disease causes what to happen to the intestines?

A

transverse corrugation

141
Q

Cows predisposed to Johne’s disease?

A

Guernsey, Jersey, Shorthorn

142
Q

Growth of M. avium paratuberculosis relies on what factor?

A

Mycobactin

143
Q

Most reliable way to diagnose Johne’s disease?

A

lymphocyte proliferation assay

144
Q

Feline leprosy?

A

M. lepraemurium

145
Q

Ulcerative dermatitis of cats and dogs?

A

M. fortitum, M. chelonae

146
Q

Bovine farcy?

A

M. farcinogenen, M. senegalenses, Nocardia

147
Q

Fast growing aquatic mycobacterium?

A

M. fortuium, M. Chelonae

148
Q

Slow growing aquatic mycobacterium?

A

M. marinum

149
Q

This clostridium toxin is more in babies?

A

Beta

150
Q

Clostridium toxin that is activated by trypsin?

A

Epsilon

151
Q

Most important clostridium toxin?

A

Alpha

152
Q

Overeating bacteria?

A

Enterotoxemia Type D

153
Q

Double zone of hemolysis?

A

Clostridium

154
Q

Stormy fermentation?

A

Clostridium

155
Q

Most important toxin in Type A C. perfringens?

A

A

156
Q

Yellow lamb disease?

A

Enterotoxemia Type A

157
Q

Lamb dysentery

A

Enterotoxemia Type B

158
Q

Stuck in older ship?

A

Enterotoxemia Type C

159
Q

Pulpy kidney disease?

A

Enterotoxemia Type D

160
Q

Nagler’s reaction?

A

C. perfringens

161
Q

Antibiotic diarrhea?

A

C. difficile

162
Q

Big head of rams?

A

C. novyi

163
Q

Black disease?

A

C. novyi

164
Q

Iron chocolate liver?

A

C. novyi

165
Q

Red Water/bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

C. haemolyticum

166
Q

Leading cause of wound infections in animals?

A

C. septicum

167
Q

Malignant edema?

A

C. septicum

168
Q

Braxy?

A

C. septicum

169
Q

Fasciola hepatica association?

A

C. novyi

170
Q

Black leg?

A

C. chauvoei

171
Q

Flaccid paralysis?

A

Botulism

172
Q

Spastic paralysis?

A

Tetanus

173
Q

Botulism blocks what neurotransmitter?

A

Ach

174
Q

Limberneck?

A

birds

175
Q

Ascending tetanus?

A

dogs, cats

176
Q

Descending tetanus?

A

horse, humans

177
Q

Tetanus blocks what neurotransmitter?

A

GABA, Glycine

178
Q

Equine grass sickness?

A

Botulism

179
Q

Footrot?

A

Dichelobacter, Fusobacterium

180
Q

Mycetoma?

A

Nocardia

181
Q

Lumpy jaw?

A

Actinomyces

182
Q

Main cause of canine pyometra and cystitis?

A

E. coli

183
Q

Important toxin in E. coli?

A

Shiga-Like toxin

184
Q

Causes ruffles in e. coli?

A

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor

185
Q

What group of animals does enterotoxigenic bacteria cause?

A

young

186
Q

Region of the intestines for enterotoxigenic e. coli?

A

SI

187
Q

Type of diarrhea for enterotoxigenic e. coli?

A

watery

188
Q

Attaching and effacing lesions?

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli

189
Q

Important protein for enteropathogenic e. coli?

A

Intimin

190
Q

Meningitis from e. coli?

A

Enteroinvasive

191
Q

EHEC part of bowel?

A

LI

192
Q

Part of bowel affected by Shigella?

A

LI

193
Q

E. coli secretion?

A

T3

194
Q

Shigella secretion?

A

T3

195
Q

String test?

A

Klebsiella

196
Q

Most frequently recovered veterinary bacteria?

A

Klebsiella

Bac-T (4 decks)

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