Test #2 Flashcards
0
Q
The osteon, of haversian system does what?
A
Delivers nutrients to and removes waste products from bone cells
1
Q
In bone formation, the cells that produce the organic matrix are the;
A
Osteoblasts
2
Q
The major purpose of the epiphyseal plate is to…
A
Lengthening long bones
3
Q
The form of the external ear is composed of …
A
Elastic cartilage
4
Q
Which of these substances is not part of the inorganic matrix of bone? A. Magnesium B. Collagen C. Sodium D. Fluoride
A
B. Collagen
5
Q
As the activity of osteoblasts increases ..
A
The level of calcium in the blood and bone increases
6
Q
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the diaphysis?
A. Provides a shape for attachment of muscle
B. Hollow
C. Composed of compact bone
D. All of the above
A
A. Provides a shape for attachment of muscle
7
Q
Which of the following is not dependent on the proper amount of calcium in the blood? A. Blood clotting B. Transmission of nerve impulses C. Contraction of cardiac muscles D. All of the above
A
D. All of the above
8
Q
Which type of bone consists of compact bone?
A
All types of bone are composed of both compact and spongy bone
9
Q
The femur of the thigh is an example of what kind of bone?
A
Long bone
10
Q
The tarsals are an example of what kind of bone?
A
Short bone
11
Q
As the amount of calcitonin in the blood increases, the amount of calcium:
A
In the blood decreases
12
Q
A person with a diet rich in calcium would have a high level of _______ and a low level of ________ hormone.
A
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
13
Q
Which type of bone is usually found In a tendon?
A
Sesamoid bone
14
Q
___________ is a thin membrane that lines a large cavity in long bones.
A
Endosteum
15
Q
________ covers joint surfaces.
A
Articular cartilage
16
Q
_______ part of the long bone to which tendons attach
A
Periosteum
17
Q
________ location of spongy bone.
A
Epiphyses
18
Q
________ tube like hollow space in long bones
A
Medullary cavity
19
Q
_______ central shaft of long bones
A
Diaphysis
20
Q
The upper part of the sternum is called the ..
A
Manubrium
21
Q
The skeletal framework of the neck consists of ?
A
Cervical vertebrae
22
Q
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
A
12
23
Q
Alternate name for the clavicle?
A
Collar bone
24
Metacarpal bones form the framework of the:
Hand
25
The longest heaviest bone in the body is ..
Femur
26
Going from superior to inferior, the sequence of the vertebral column is...
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
27
Going from proximal to distal the bones of the Lower extremity are:
Femur, tibia, tarsals, and metatarsals
28
What is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with another bone?
Hyoid
29
```
The floating ribs articulate with which of the following?
A. The vertebrae
B. The sternum
C. The costal cartilage
D. Both a and c
```
The vertebrae
30
Name given to the plasma membrane of a muscle cell?
Sarcolemma
31
Inward extensions of the sarcolemma that allow impulse to go deeper k to the cell
T-tubule
32
The ability of a muscle cell to be stimulated by a nerve impulse
Excitability
33
A neuron and all the muscle fibres it stimulates
Motor unit
34
Protein that blocks the receptor sites on the actin molecule
Tropomyosin
35
The ability of a muscles cell to shorten
Contractibility
36
Protein that makes up the thin myofilament
Actin
37
Protein that joins with calcium ions
Troponin
38
The ability of a muscle to stretch?
Extensibility
39
Protein makes up the thick myofilament that pulls to shorten the sacromere
Myosin
40
A segment of myofilament between two z-lines?
Sacromere
41
Protein that is the thin filament and has active sites for cross-bridge heads
Actin
42
The specific link between the thin and thick filaments when a muscle contracts
Cross-bridge
43
The stimulus to contract the muscle is carried inside the muscle cell by this structure
T-tubules
44
Protein that directly prevents the formation of cross bridging in the sacromere?
Tropomyosin
45
Chemicals released by the motor neuron that initiates the stimulus for a muscle contraction?
Acetylcholine
46
Compound that supplies the energy for muscle contraction
ATP
47
Ion that is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium
48
Protein that has cross bridge heads that pull on the thin fibre
Myosin
49
Protein that has receptor sites for an ion that causes it to change shape and pull another protein away from the receptor sites on the action
Troponin
50
The first event in contraction of a muscle is...
Is nerve impulse reaches the end of the motor neuron and triggers the release of acetylcholine
51
The second event in the contraction of a muscle
Stimulation of ach receptors creates an impulse that travels through the t- tubules to the sarcroplasmic reticulum
52
The third event in muscle contraction of a muscle is
Calcium ions are released and bind to the troponin molecules on the thin filaments
53
The fourth event in muscle contraction is
Tropomysone molecules shift and expose the active sites on the actin
54
The fifth event in the contraction of a muscles is
Energized myosin cross bridges to actin and use their energy to pull thin filaments to the centre of the sarcomere
55
The sixth event in the contraction of a muscle is
As the filament slide past each other the entire muscle fibres shorten
56
The seventh event in contraction of a muscle
Calcium ions are actively transported out of the Sarcomere
57
The eighth event in the contraction of a muscle is ...
As the calcium ions are stripped away from the troponin, tropomyosin returns to block the actin active sites
58
The ninth event in the contraction of a muscle is ...
Myosin cross bridges are blocked from the binding with the actin and can no longer sustain the contraction.
59
The plasma membrane of a muscle finer is called the..
Sarcolemma
60
Bundles of fine fibre that extend lengthwise along muscle fibres are called
Myofibrils
61
The ability of a muscle cells to respond to nerve stimulus is called:
Irritability
62
The chief function of the t-tubules is called ..
Allow for electrical signals to move deeper into the cell
63
The protein that has receptor sites for the cross bridge is
Actin
64
The ion necessary for cross bridging is
Calcium
65
A motor unit is most correctly described as a
Muscle fibres and motor neuron
66
All of the following are true characteristics of an isometric contraction except:
A. The muscle does not shorten
B. They can produce work by tightening to resist a force
C. Movement is produced
D. The tension produced by the myosin cross bridges cannot overcome the load place on the muscle
Movement is produced
67
A contraction in which the tension within the muscle remains the same but length changes to produce movement is called
Isotonic contraction.
68
Attempting to pick up an object too heavy to lift would result in which type of muscle contraction?
Isometric
69
Sarcolemma is ....
A unique name for a plasma membrane of a muscle fiber
70
The characteristics of the muscle cell that directly cause movement is...
Contractility
71
After it is released the sarcroplasmic reticulum, the calcium combines with which protein?
Troponin
72
Glucose can be stored in the muscle as:
Glycogen
73
Muscle contraction will continue as long as ..
The calcium ions are attached to the troponin
74
Which structure functions to temporarily store calcium ions?
Sarcroplasmic reticulum
75
Which type of muscle is responsible for peristalsis?
Single unit SM
76
Skeletal muscles constitute approx ____ of our body weight
50%
77
The covering of individual muscle fibres is the
Endomysium
78
Groups of skeletal muscles fibres are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the:
Perimysium
79
Muscles may be named according to:
Function
Direction of fibres
Points of attachments
80
Erythropoiesis is formation of ...
RBC's
81
Many types of blood cells are produced in the ...
Red bone marrow
82
```
Which of the following is not a leukocyte?
A. Basophil
B. Reticulocyte
C. Neutrophil
D. Monocyte
```
Reticulocyte
83
Red blood cells carry:
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
84
Heme is broken down into substances, which is excreted bile.
Bilirubin
85
```
Which of the following cell types are classified as agranulocytes?
A. Neutrophils and monocytes
B. Basophils and lymphocytes
C. Neutrophils and basophils
D. Lymphocytes and monocytes
```
D. Monocytes and lymphocytes
86
Which types of white blood cells is thought to play a role in prevention of clothing?
Basophils
87
Which type of white blood cell play a role in immunity?
Lymphocytes
88
Thrombocytes are used for:
Blood clotting
89
The type of plasma protein that constitutes more than half of the total amount is..
Albumin
90
The element in hemoglobin that allows oxygen to be transported is
Iron
91
A decrease in RBC's numbers can result in :
Anemia
92
In a tube of centrifuged blood, the order of substance from top to bottom would be
Plasma, Buffy coat, red blood cells
93
Which is not true about hemoglobin ?
A. It carries oxygen in the blood
B. Carries co2
C. It is composed of four heme molecules joined to one globin molecule
C. It is composed of four heme molecules and joined to one globin molecule
94
Which of the following does not hasten clotting?
A. Rough spot in endothelium
B. Abnormally slow blood flow
C. Heparin
C. Heparin
95
What part of the hemoglobin molecule combine with carbon dioxide?
Globin
96
Which characteristic of blood makes it especially effective temp regulation?
High specific heat capacity
97
If you gave a unit of blood in a blood drive and you are an average size adult you have given about what % of your blood?
10%
98
Some white blood cells are capable of diapendeis; this means they can:
Migrate out of blood vessels into tissue places
99
Which white blood cell helps protect against parasitic worms?
Eosinophil
100
A person with no antibodies in the blood plasma would have which blood type?
AB
101
A person with no antigens on the red blood cell would have which blood type?
O
102
Called the universal donor
O
103
Has the A antigen and the Rh antigen and the b antibody
a+
104
Called the universal recipient; has both a and b antigens and no antibodies
AB
105
Has the A antigen only and has the b antibody
A
106
```
Which of the following acts as blood reservoirs?
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Veins
```
D. Veins
107
Which of the following is not true about the pulmonary artery?
A. Carries blood to the lungs
B. The blood in it has just left the left ventricle
C. It is carrying nonoxygenated blood y
B. The blood in it has just left the left ventricle
108
The correct order of the layers of the heart from deep to superficial are:
Endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium
109
Respectively, the right and left atrioventricular valves are also know as:
Tricuspid, mitral
110
Diminished blood flow to an organ or tissue that reduces the oxygen level i pares cell function is called:
Ischemia
111
The first structure that blood leaves the right ventricle passes through is the?
Pulmonary semilunar valve
112
Blood passing through the the tricuspid valve has left the..
Right atrium
113
Chordae tendineae are associated with which structure?
Mitral valve, and tricuspid valve
114
If damaged which valve could allow blood to leak back into the right atrium?
Tricuspid valve
115
The most important blood vessel in the cardiovascular system are the..
Capillaries
116
If the chrodae tendineae in the right side of the heart we're damaged, it may cause blood to leak into..
Right atrium during heart contraction
117
During the cardiac cycle, the second heart sound is
Ventricular relaxation
118
The first heart sound heard is cause by..
Ventricle contracting and the av valve closing
119
Cardiac output can be computed by:
Multiplying the heart rate and stroke rate volume
120
The greatest resistance to blood flow occurs in the:
Arterioles
121
The frank- starling mechanism is ..
Show the relationship between the stretch of the heart muscles and the strength of contraction
122
Which artery in the arm is used for measuring pulse?
Brachial
123
First sound heard during BP?
Systolic
124
Peripheral resistance to blood flow closes about because
Friction between blood cells and vessel walls
125
The effect of what substance is to decrease total blood volume?
ANH
126
Which is true of the following about the conduction system of the heart?
A. It is made up of cardiac muscles
B. It is made of nervous tissue
C. It requires either a sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulus to begin a beat
A. Made up of cardiac muscle
127
Atrial systole cause blood to:
Move through the cuspid valve
128
The period between the filling of the ventricle and the opening of the semilunar valve is called;
Ventricular contraction
