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A & P > Powerpoint > Flashcards

Powerpoint Flashcards

0
Q

What does diaphysis mean?

A

Hollow

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1
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

Develop in the tendons close to joints

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2
Q

What is epiphyses?

A

Enlarged ends of a long hyaline

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3
Q

What is thin bone?

A

Spongy bone internal and external
Covered in periosteum
Red marrow filled

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4
Q

What % of a your body’s total bone mass is made up of compact bone?

A

80%

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5
Q

Spongy (cancellous) bone is …

A

Needle like branches forming bony trabecular, sandwiched between 2 layers of compact bone

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6
Q

What is an osteoblasts?

A

Small cells in the inner layer of the periosteum that secretes an important organic part of the ground substance

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7
Q

What is an osteoclasts?

A

Break down old bone by dissolving the bone minerals

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8
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells

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9
Q

What is the function of bone marrow?

A

Produces red marrow and yellow that is saturated in fat and can no longer produced red blood cells

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10
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue…

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibrocartilage
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11
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

A

Covers the surface of long bones
Forms cartilage that connects the anterior ends of the ribs with the sternum, cartilage rings of the trachea, bronchi of the lungs and tip of the nose

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12
Q

What does hyaline cartilage look like?

A

Glassy and somewhat transparent

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13
Q

Elastic cartilage forms what structures?

A

External ear, epiglottis, auditory tubes

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14
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Strong radio and often found within regions of dense connective tissue.

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15
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Symphysis pubis and intervertebral disks

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16
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal muscles?

A 
Movement 
Produces heat
Stabilizes joints
Maintain posture 
Communication 
Distribution of blood in the body
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17
Q

What is endomysium?

A

Fine connective tissues that cover muscle fibres

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18
Q

What is perimysium?

A

Thick connective tissues that cover fascicles

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19
Q

What is the epimysium?

A

Course sheath that covers entire muscle

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20
Q

What is aponeurosis?

A

Broad flat sheet of connective tissue

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21
Q

What is responsible for allowing electrical signals to move deeper into the cell?

A

T-tubles

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22
Q

What is responsible for the basic contractile unit of a muscle cell?

A

Sacrocomere

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23
Q

What is an isotonic contraction?

A

Muscles shorten and produces movement

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24
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

Muscle pulls forcefully against a load up does not shorten

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25
Q

What is the origin of a muscle?

A

Point of attachment that does not move when muscle contracts

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26
Q

What is it called when a muscle contracts at the time as agonist; complements the actions of the agonist

A

Synergist

27
Q

Which kidney is smaller than the other

A

Right is smaller than the left

28
Q

How many openings from the bladder?

A

2 coming from the ureters

1 coming from the uterus

29
Q

What are the 2 major functions of the urinary bladder?

A

Stores urine

Aided by the urethra it expels urine

30
Q

What is the process of urinating?

A

Bladder volume increases, microurination contraction increases and the internal urethral sphincter relaxes

31
Q

What is a nephron?

A

Nephrons make up the bulk of each kidney; each nephron is made up of two regions and connects to a shared collecting duct

32
Q

What is the renal corpuscle?

A

1st part of the nephron; made up of the bowmans capsule and the glomerulus

33
Q

What is the bowmans capsule?

A

Cup shaped mouth of nephron

34
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

Networks of fine capillaries surrounded by the bowmans capsule

35
Q

Nitrogenous waste leaves the body by the way of the _______.

A

Kidneys

36
Q

Kidneys synthesize the active form of vitamin d the hormones ________ & __________.

A

Erythropoietin, and certain prostaglandins

37
Q

What is hemodynamics?

A

Refers to the various mechanisms that influence the movement of blood

38
Q

What controls the pace of the heart?

A

SA node

39
Q

What is and electrocardiograph?

A

ECG - record of the electrical event that proceed the contractions

40
Q

What is the covering of the heart called?

A

Pericardium

41
Q

What makes up the walls of the heart?

A

Epicardium- outter wall of the heart
Myocardium- thick contractile, middle layer comprises the bulk of the heart wall
Endocardium- delicate layer lining the interior myocardial wall

42
Q

How many chambers of the heart?

A

4

43
Q

What is the aria?

A

Two upper chambers of the heart, separated by the interatrail septum

44
Q

What are the ventricles of the heart?

A

Two lower chambers, separated by the interventrical septum

Receive blood from the atria and pump blood out of the heart into the arteries

45
Q

How many valves of the heart?

A

4 tough fibrous structures that permit the flow of blood in one direction

46
Q

What is the AV valve?

A

Atrioventricular valve- services the openings between the atria and the ventricles; have pointed flaps called cusps

47
Q

What is the function of the AV?

A

Allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles but doesn’t allow it to flow backwards

48
Q

Beginning with the right atrium blood flows throught the _____ and into the ______ ventricle.

A

AV ( tricuspid) valve

Right

49
Q

From the right ventricle blood flows into the first portion of the _______ artery.
__________arteries carry blood to the ______ for gas exchange
From the lungs, blood flows back through the ________ vein into the _____ atrium of the heart.
From the ______ atrium blood flows into the left ventricle
From the left ventricle blood flows into the _______.

A 
Pulmonary
Pulmonary 
Lungs
Pulmonary
Left  
Left 
Aorta
50
Q

What is a capillary ?

A

Conduct blood through tissue

51
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

Conduct blood back to the heart

52
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels all the parts of the body, except tissues of the lungs and then back to the heart

53
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Venous blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricles and then out the pulmonary trunk and its arteries to the lungs

54
Q

What are the 6 spots you can take a pulse?

A 
Femoral
Brachial 
Jugular
Carotid 
Radial 
Dorsal
Pedis
55
Q

What is the the third major fluid in our bodies that accounts for 55% of total volume?

A

Plasma

56
Q

Males have _____ to _____ L of blood circulating in their bodes and females have _____ to _____ L

A

5 to 6

4 to 5

57
Q

The three formed elements in blood are?

A

Erythrocytes- red blood cells
Thrombocytes- platelets
Leukocytes- white blood cells

58
Q

What is the function of RBC’s?

A

Play a crucial role in the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body

59
Q

In each rbc there are approx how many molecules of hemoglobin?

A

200-300 million

60
Q

Rbc are composed of ____ protein (globins) chains, with each attached to a _____ group

A

4

Heme

61
Q

What is the life span of a rbc

A

105-120 days

62
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis

Help repair damaged tissues

63
Q

What are the three main components of s solute.

A

Albumins
Globulins
Clotting protein

64
Q

What do plasma proteins contribute to?

A

Normal blood viscosity
Blood osmotic pressure
Blood volume

A & P (3 decks)

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