Powerpoint Flashcards by Siobhan Freeman

What does diaphysis mean?

Hollow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a sesamoid bone?

Develop in the tendons close to joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is epiphyses?

Enlarged ends of a long hyaline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is thin bone?

Spongy bone internal and external
Covered in periosteum
Red marrow filled

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What % of a your body’s total bone mass is made up of compact bone?

80%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spongy (cancellous) bone is …

Needle like branches forming bony trabecular, sandwiched between 2 layers of compact bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an osteoblasts?

Small cells in the inner layer of the periosteum that secretes an important organic part of the ground substance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an osteoclasts?

Break down old bone by dissolving the bone minerals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are Osteocytes?

Mature bone cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of bone marrow?

Produces red marrow and yellow that is saturated in fat and can no longer produced red blood cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three types of connective tissue…

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

Covers the surface of long bones
Forms cartilage that connects the anterior ends of the ribs with the sternum, cartilage rings of the trachea, bronchi of the lungs and tip of the nose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does hyaline cartilage look like?

Glassy and somewhat transparent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elastic cartilage forms what structures?

External ear, epiglottis, auditory tubes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is fibrocartilage?

Strong radio and often found within regions of dense connective tissue.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Symphysis pubis and intervertebral disks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the functions of the skeletal muscles?

Movement 
Produces heat
Stabilizes joints
Maintain posture 
Communication 
Distribution of blood in the body

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is endomysium?

Fine connective tissues that cover muscle fibres

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is perimysium?

Thick connective tissues that cover fascicles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the epimysium?

Course sheath that covers entire muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is aponeurosis?

Broad flat sheet of connective tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is responsible for allowing electrical signals to move deeper into the cell?

T-tubles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is responsible for the basic contractile unit of a muscle cell?

Sacrocomere

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an isotonic contraction?

Muscles shorten and produces movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an isometric contraction?

Muscle pulls forcefully against a load up does not shorten

What is the origin of a muscle?

Point of attachment that does not move when muscle contracts

What is it called when a muscle contracts at the time as agonist; complements the actions of the agonist

Synergist

Which kidney is smaller than the other

Right is smaller than the left

How many openings from the bladder?

2 coming from the ureters | 1 coming from the uterus

What are the 2 major functions of the urinary bladder?

Stores urine | Aided by the urethra it expels urine

What is the process of urinating?

Bladder volume increases, microurination contraction increases and the internal urethral sphincter relaxes

What is a nephron?

Nephrons make up the bulk of each kidney; each nephron is made up of two regions and connects to a shared collecting duct

What is the renal corpuscle?

1st part of the nephron; made up of the bowmans capsule and the glomerulus

What is the bowmans capsule?

Cup shaped mouth of nephron

What is the glomerulus?

Networks of fine capillaries surrounded by the bowmans capsule

Nitrogenous waste leaves the body by the way of the _______.

Kidneys

Kidneys synthesize the active form of vitamin d the hormones ________ & __________.

Erythropoietin, and certain prostaglandins

What is hemodynamics?

Refers to the various mechanisms that influence the movement of blood

What controls the pace of the heart?

SA node

What is and electrocardiograph?

ECG - record of the electrical event that proceed the contractions

What is the covering of the heart called?

Pericardium

What makes up the walls of the heart?

Epicardium- outter wall of the heart Myocardium- thick contractile, middle layer comprises the bulk of the heart wall Endocardium- delicate layer lining the interior myocardial wall

How many chambers of the heart?

What is the aria?

Two upper chambers of the heart, separated by the interatrail septum

What are the ventricles of the heart?

Two lower chambers, separated by the interventrical septum | Receive blood from the atria and pump blood out of the heart into the arteries

How many valves of the heart?

4 tough fibrous structures that permit the flow of blood in one direction

What is the AV valve?

Atrioventricular valve- services the openings between the atria and the ventricles; have pointed flaps called cusps

What is the function of the AV?

Allow blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles but doesn't allow it to flow backwards

Beginning with the right atrium blood flows throught the _____ and into the ______ ventricle.

AV ( tricuspid) valve | Right

From the right ventricle blood flows into the first portion of the _______ artery. __________arteries carry blood to the ______ for gas exchange From the lungs, blood flows back through the ________ vein into the _____ atrium of the heart. From the ______ atrium blood flows into the left ventricle From the left ventricle blood flows into the _______.

``` Pulmonary Pulmonary Lungs Pulmonary Left Left Aorta ```

What is a capillary ?

Conduct blood through tissue

What is the function of veins?

Conduct blood back to the heart

What is systemic circulation?

Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels all the parts of the body, except tissues of the lungs and then back to the heart

What is pulmonary circulation?

Venous blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricles and then out the pulmonary trunk and its arteries to the lungs

What are the 6 spots you can take a pulse?

``` Femoral Brachial Jugular Carotid Radial Dorsal Pedis ```

What is the the third major fluid in our bodies that accounts for 55% of total volume?

Plasma

Males have _____ to _____ L of blood circulating in their bodes and females have _____ to _____ L

5 to 6 | 4 to 5

The three formed elements in blood are?

Erythrocytes- red blood cells Thrombocytes- platelets Leukocytes- white blood cells

What is the function of RBC's?

Play a crucial role in the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body

In each rbc there are approx how many molecules of hemoglobin?

200-300 million

Rbc are composed of ____ protein (globins) chains, with each attached to a _____ group

4 | Heme

What is the life span of a rbc

105-120 days

What is the function of platelets?

Play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis | Help repair damaged tissues

What are the three main components of s solute.

Albumins Globulins Clotting protein

What do plasma proteins contribute to?

Normal blood viscosity Blood osmotic pressure Blood volume