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Test 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the 5 types of government?

A
  1. Anarchy
  2. Socialism
  3. Communism
  4. Democracy
  5. Monarchy
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1
Q

Who is the source of all political power?

A

God

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2
Q

What is an anarchy?

A

The absence of government

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3
Q

What is socialism?

A
  1. Both a government and economic system

2. Government owns part of the means of production

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4
Q

What is communism?

A
  1. Both a government and economic system

2. Government owns all the means of production

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5
Q

What is a democracy?

A

People rule

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6
Q

What is an absolute monarchy?

A

The king has complete power

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7
Q

What is a constitutional monarchy?

A

The king shares power with the people (parliament)

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8
Q

What are the 5 factors of production?

A
  1. Land
  2. Labor
  3. Capital
  4. Entrepreneurship
  5. Technology
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9
Q

What are the 4 basic economic questions?

A
  1. What should be made?
  2. How much should be produced?
  3. What methods should be used?
  4. How should goods/services be distributed?
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10
Q

What factor is used to determine how you answer the 4 economic questions?

A

What type of government is in place?

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11
Q

What, in 1215, was used to try and limit the powers of the king?

A

Manga Carta

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12
Q

What 3 principles came from the Magna Carta?

A
  1. The right to a trial by jury
  2. Due process of law
  3. No taxation without consent
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13
Q

Every state except which is based off English common law?

A

Louisiana

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14
Q

What is the practice of judges basing their decisions on previous cases called?

A

Precedent

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15
Q

What does precedent do?

A

Brings guidance to other judges

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16
Q

Under the English common law, what cannot be taken away illegally?

A

Life, liberty and property

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17
Q

Who wrote “The Prince”?

A

Niccolo Machiavelli

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18
Q

What did “The Prince” say about government?

A
  1. The best form is one where citizens feel a patriotic attachment to the state.
  2. Effective rulers only act in their political interest
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19
Q

Who wrote “Political Ideas Derived from the Very Words of Holy Scripture”?

A

Bishop Bossuet

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20
Q

What did Bossuet promote in his book?

A

The diving right of kings.

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21
Q

Who wrote “Free Law of Free Monarchy”?

A

James I

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22
Q

What does king James promote in his book?

A
  1. King is responsible to God alone

2. The king is like a father and the people are like his children

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23
Q

Who wrote “Six Books of the Republic”?

A

Jean Bodin

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24
Q

What did Bodin promote in his book?

A
  1. Every country must have a supreme power
  2. Kings are the natural solution
  3. King MUST be subject to natural law
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25
Q

What does “Legis Summi Imperii”, as used in Jean Bodin’s book, mean?

A

“Salic Law” or “no women rulers”

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26
Q

What was passed in 1628 in order to limit the royal authority?

A

The English Petition of Rights

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27
Q

Under the English Petition of Rights, what can the king not do?

A
  1. Levy taxes
  2. Imprison someone without a specific charge or provisions for a jury trial
  3. Quarter soldiers in a private home without the home owner’s permission
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28
Q

What were the main ideas behind the English Civil War and Commonwealth?

A
  1. The idea of an absolute monarchy would be destroyed
  2. The House of Commons becomes the dominant power of England
  3. Opposition to a standing army
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29
Q

Who wrote “The Leviathan”?

A

Thomas Hobbes

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30
Q

What does Hobbes promote in “The Leviathan”?

A
  1. Man without government (“state of nature”)
  2. There would be chaos without government
  3. Government should have absolute power
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31
Q

What did the Act of Habeaus Corpus do?

A
  1. Guaranteed a prompt hearing before legal authorities

2. If someone is arrested illegally, the person who arrested them is subject to fines

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32
Q

What happened as a result of the English Bill of Rights?

A

The Glorious Revolution

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33
Q

What were the things a king could not do under the English Bill of Rights?

A
  1. Suspend law
  2. Levy taxes
  3. Raise an army
    (Not without the consent of parliament)
  4. Interfere with parliamentary elections
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34
Q

Under the English Bill of Rights, what basic rights were men granted?

A
  1. Right to petition government
  2. Right to a speedy trial
  3. Protection from excessive fines and bail
  4. Protection from cruel and unusual punishment
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35
Q

What was “The Age of Enlightenment”?

A

An intellectual movement that began in France

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36
Q

What were the writers of the Enlightenment called?

A

Philosophes

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37
Q

What 4 things did the Enlightenment stress?

A
  1. Human Nature
  2. Reason
  3. Science
  4. Natural Law
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38
Q

What were the 4 things philosophes believed?

A
  1. By observing human nature in history and the present, one can discover the laws that govern human nature.
  2. Those laws can be used to design a virtuous/orderly society
  3. Freedom of religion
  4. Freedom of thought
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39
Q

What was “Enlightened Despotism”?

A

A king justifies his authority on his usefulness to society

Emperor of Austria is the greatest/most powerful example

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40
Q

Who wrote “Two Treatises on Government”?

A

John Locke

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41
Q

What did Locke stress in his book?

A
  1. Man is born a “blank slate”
  2. Man’s character comes through education
  3. Man is born with 3 God given natural rights
  4. Government is established to protect those rights
  5. If government fails, man has the right to replace government
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42
Q

What are the 3 basic God given rights Locke talks about?

A
  1. Life
  2. Liberty
  3. Property
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43
Q

Who wrote “The Spirit of Laws”?

A

Baron de Montesquieu

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44
Q

What did Montesquieu stress in his book?

A
  1. Separation of powers

2. No one branch should have too much power/complete control

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45
Q

How did Montesquieu propose the separation of powers?

A
  1. One branch should make the laws
  2. One branch should interpret the laws
  3. One branch should enforce the laws
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46
Q

Who wrote “Candide”?

A

Voltaire

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47
Q

What did Voltaire believe in?

A
  1. Rulers should use their authority to promote reform
  2. Freedom of thought
  3. Religious freedom
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48
Q

Who wrote “Social Contract”?

A

Jean Jaques Rosseau

49
Q

What did Rosseau write about in “Social Contract”?

A
  1. General will is sovereign
  2. Life, liberty and property
  3. Right of Revolution (the will of the community is more important than individual rights (determined democratically.))
50
Q

Who wrote the “Essay on Crimes and Punishments”?

A

Marquis Ceraradi Beccaria

51
Q

What did Beccaria stress in his essay?

A

Man should have a system of laws that apply equally to all classes

52
Q

Who were the Physiocrats?

A

Economists during the Enlightenment

53
Q

Who wrote “Economic Tables”?

A

Francios Quesnay

54
Q

What was “Economic Tables” about?

A
  1. Promoting Laissez Faire
  2. Government doesn’t regulate the economy
  3. Supports free trade (no tariffs on shipping)
55
Q

Who wrote “An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations”?

A

Adam Smith

56
Q

What did Adam Smith promote in his book?

A
  1. Support Laissez Faire
  2. People should be allowed to produce as much as possible without governmental interference
  3. Trade as much as possible
57
Q

What influenced the foundations of capitalism and was molded to fit America’s specific needs?

A

The British Government

58
Q

Under the British. Government, who was the head of state?

A

The king

59
Q

Under the British Government, who was the legislative branch made of?

A

Prime Minister and the legislature

60
Q

Under the British government, what were the two houses in Parliament called?

A
  1. House of Lords

2. House of Commons

61
Q

What was the first governing document in America?

A

Articles of Confederation

62
Q

What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention?

A

To revise the Articles of Confederation

63
Q

What was the only state that did not attend the Convention?

A

Rhode Island

64
Q

Who was the President of the Convention?

A

George Washington

65
Q

Who was the father of the constitution?

A

James Madison

66
Q

Who was the chairman/committee of style?

A

Gouvernour Morris

67
Q

Who served as the elder statesman?

A

Ben Franklin

68
Q

What were the 5 major goals of the Convention?

A
  1. Create a republic
  2. Have a written constitution
  3. Have a stronger national government
  4. Have a government that will protect human/ property rights
  5. Reform society so government would have virtue
69
Q

What were the 3 major conflicts of the Convention?

A
  1. Economics- Ag. Vs. Commercial states
  2. Strength of the national government vs. the states rights
  3. Representation in Congress
70
Q

Who introduced the VA Plan?

A

James Madison

71
Q

Under the VAP, what could the legislative branch do?

A

Make laws

72
Q

According to the VAP, how was congress to be divided?

A

In two houses. Bicameral

73
Q

Based on the VAP, reps in congress were determined by…

A

Population

74
Q

According to the VAP, who had more reps?

A

Larger states

75
Q

Based on the VAP, how many votes did each congressman have?

A

One

76
Q

The VAP says that the reps in the lower house are chosen by whom?

A

The voters

77
Q

According to the VAP, how are the reps in the upper house chosen?

A

By the lower house

78
Q

Per the VAP, what could the executive branch do?

A

Enforce the law

79
Q

How is the executive chosen according to the VAP?

A

Legislative branch

80
Q

According to the VAP, which branch could interpret the law?

A

Judicial

81
Q

How is the judicial branch chosen?

A

By the legislative branch

82
Q

Who proposed the NJ plan?

A

William Patterson

83
Q

Under the NJP, the legislative branch was

A

Unicameral

84
Q

Under the NJP, legislatures had how many votes?

A

One equal vote

85
Q

According to the NJP, how many people were in the executive branch?

A

3

86
Q

How were the 3 executives chosen under the NJP?

A

By the legislative branch

87
Q

According to the NJP, how were people in the judicial branch chosen?

A

Legislative branch

88
Q

What was the CT Compromise and who proposed it?

A

A combination of the VAP and the NJP

Roger Sherman

89
Q

What was agreed upon for the legislative branch under the CTC?

A
  1. Bicameral

2. Each member has one vote

90
Q

How are the numbers of reps for the lower house (house of reps) determined under the CTC?

A

Population

91
Q

What is the upper house called?

A

Senate

92
Q

Every state has how many senators?

A

2

93
Q

How many votes do senators have?

A

One

94
Q

How are senators chosen?

A

State legislatures

95
Q

The executive branch is made up of how many people, under the CTC?

A

One.

96
Q

How many times can the president be re-elected?

A

As many times as possible

97
Q

Who set the standard “2 term then retire” for the presidents?

A

Washington

98
Q

What are the two jobs of the electoral college?

A
  1. Elect the president

2. Elect the VP

99
Q

What did the 12th amendment do?

A

Made it to where the President and VP had to be voted on separately

100
Q

Slave states in the 3/5 compromise wanted what?

A
  1. To count slaves in determining the number of reps each state received
  2. To NOT count slaves in the percent of the tax burden to paid
101
Q

What did the non slave states want from the 3/5 compromise?

A
  1. To NOT count slaves in determining the number of reps each state would receive
  2. To count slaves in the percentage of tax burden to be paid
102
Q

What was the slave trade compromise?

A

The international slave trade would remain open another 20 years

103
Q

What were the delegated powers?

A

Powers that the constitution gives the federal government

104
Q

What are the reserved powers?

A

Powers that are kept by the states

105
Q

Do the delegated powers or the reserved powers have more power?

A

Reserved

106
Q

Where can amendments be originated?

A
  1. Congress

2. Constitutional convention

107
Q

An amendment must be ratified by how many states to become part of the constitution?

A

3/4

108
Q

How many states needed to approve the replacement of the AOC?

A

9

109
Q

Which states were necessary to vote yes on replacing the AOC?

A

VA, NY, MA

110
Q

Who were the federalists?

A

People who supported the constitution

111
Q

What did the federalists want?

A

Strong central government

112
Q

Who were the three men from the “Federalist Papers”?

A
  1. James Madison
  2. John Jay
  3. Alexander Hamilton
113
Q

Who were the anti federalists?

A

People who opposed the constitution

114
Q

What were the three main problems to the anti federalists?

A
  1. The constitution took too much power from the states
  2. No Bill of rights
  3. Gave the president too much power
115
Q

Which state was the first to ratify the constitution?

A

Delaware

116
Q

Which state was the last state to ratify the constitution?

A

Rhode Island

117
Q

Which state was the 9th (giving the final vote to make the constitution official) state to ratify the constitution?

A

New Hampshire

118
Q

Under the constitution, what could the legislature do?

A
  1. Make laws

2. Approve presidential appointments

119
Q

How many people did the constitution allow in congress?

A
  1. 100 in the senate and 335 in the H.R.
120
Q

What could the judicial branch do under the constitution?

A
  1. Interpret the law

2. Determine the constitutionality of a law

121
Q

The constitution allowed what of the executive branch?

A
  1. Execute/enforce the law

2. Commander-In-Chief of the military

Government (8 decks)

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