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World Civ 1 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Herodotus

A

Historian of the Persian Wars

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2
Q

Thucydides

A

Historian of the Peloponnesian Wars

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3
Q

Persian Wars

A

Ionian Rebellion supported by Athenians
The Battle of Marathon & Darius
The Great Invasion of Xerxes (Thermopylae & Salamis)

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4
Q

Peloponnesian Wars

A

Delian League vs. Spartan League
Athenians support attack of Sicily & Spartans ally w/ Persians
Athenian Navy destroyed & Spartan victory

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5
Q

Eratosthenes

A

Librarian at Alexandria

Calculated circumference of the world

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6
Q

Euclid

A

Wrote elements of Geography

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7
Q

Homer’s Illiad & Odyssey

A

Depicts life in the “Middle Age”

Virtues- “Arete” (Courage) & “Agon” (Struggle)

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8
Q

Minoans

A

Crete- 1650 BC

Knossos Palace

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9
Q

Myceneans

A

Greek Peninsula

Peak of Power- 1400-1200 BC

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10
Q

Athenian Women

A

Roles: produce good male heirs & run the household

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11
Q

Ancient Greek Religion

A

Polytheistic, temples, sacrifices, altars, The Fates, The Olympics
The Oracle of Delphi- Know thyself & nothing in excess
No sacred books or ethical conduct demanded

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12
Q

Heraclitus

A

“All is motion”

Logos- word/speech/reason

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13
Q

Archimedes

A

Mathematician & inventor

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14
Q

Anaxagoras

A

Distinguished between mind & matter

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15
Q

Sparta

A 
Conquered Messenians (Helots)
2 Kings, council of elders, assembly
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16
Q

Athens

A

Aristocratic Republic

Democracy

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17
Q

Lycurgus

A

Established militaristic society in Sparta

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18
Q

Clisthenes

A

Founder of democracy

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19
Q

Democritus

A

Atomic Theory

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20
Q

Pericles

A

Central leader of Athens

Expanded democracy & built classical Athens

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21
Q

Socrates

A

Dialogue method of teaching
Questioned Athen’s authority
Convicted of corrupting youth

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22
Q

Plato

A

Socrates’ student
Founded The Academy
Education is the basis of intelligent & ethical life
Realm of Forms- recollection of knowledge
The Republic- all powerful ring that corrupts

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23
Q

Aristotle

A

Knowledge obtained via sense-experience
Moderation in all things
Founded Lyceum
Logic- basis for scientific inquiry into numerous fields

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24
Q

Philip II of Macedon

A

Defeated Theban-Athenian Army

Father of Alexander the Great

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25
Q

Alexander the Great

A

King at 20
Aristotle’s student
Ended Persian Empire
Conquered to N. India & Afghanistan

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26
Q

Selecus, Antigone, Ptolemy

A

Generals of Alexander
Ptolemy- Egypt
Seleucus- Western Asia to India
Antigonus- Macedonia

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27
Q

Zeno (Stoicism)

A

Happiness- life of virtue according to natural law
Passion- source of misery
World- single, large polis

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28
Q

Epicurus

A

Naturalistic view of the universe
Pleasure- absence of physical & emotional pain
Religion is useless

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29
Q

Romulus & Remus

A

Mythological founders of Rome

Raised by wolves

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30
Q

Etruscans

A

Kings that ruled over Rome

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31
Q

Founding of Roman Republic

A

Constant warfare with surrounding groups

32
Q

Celts sack Rome

A

390 BC
Causes reorganization of Roman army
Latium is secured & Samnites are defeated

33
Q

Offices of Roman Republic

A

2 Consuls: Imperium- 1 year term
Quaestors- financial officers
Praetors- judicial office
Censor- classed citizens

34
Q

Patricians

A

Descendants of original Senators

35
Q

Plebeians

A

Small landowners, farmers, merchants, poor

36
Q

Nobiles

A

New senatorial aristocracy through intermarriage of Plebeians & Patrictians

37
Q

Twelve Tables

A

First written record of Roman law

38
Q

Punic Wars

A

1st- Rome vs. Carthage over Sicily: Roman navy ensures victory
2nd- Rome vs. Carthage over Spain: Hannibal vs. Scipio Africanus
3rd- Carthage is destroyed

39
Q

Hannibal & Scipio Africanus

A

2nd Punic War
Battle of Cannae- 80,000 Roman casualties (worst defeat)
Scipio Africanus fights in N. Africa, & defeats Hannibal at Zama

40
Q

Greek Influence on Roman Education

A

Greek language & literature
Humanitas- grammar, rhetoric, & philosophy
Upper class girls receive elementary education

41
Q

Latifundia

A

Peasant soldiers sold land to larger landowners

42
Q

The Gracchus Brothers

A

Tiberius Gracchus- Elected tribune in 133 BC & redistributed land to the poor
Assassinated along with 300 supporters by the Senators

Gaius Gracchus- politician championing cheap grain for urban poor & citizenship for all Italians
Assassinated along with 3,000 supporters by the Senators

43
Q

Jurguthine War & Gaius Marius

A

Gaius Marius recruited army to fight in N. Africa

Soldiers loyal to general, not Senate

44
Q

Lucius Sulla

A

Emerged as dictator during Jurguthine War
Elected consul in 88 BC
Retied in 79 BC

45
Q

First Triumvirate

A

Pompey, Crassus, & Julius Caesar
Caesar leads armies into Spain and conquers Gaul
Crassus dies & civil war erupts between Pompey & Caesar

46
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Caesar wins & is elected dictator in 45 BC
Citizenship granted to provincials
Colonized Gaul, Spain, & N. Africa w/ Roman jobless poor
Assassinated by Senators

47
Q

The Second Triumvirate

A

Marc Antony, Octavian, & Lepidus

Systematic assassinations of conspirators

48
Q

Marc Antony

A

Part of The Second Triumvirate

Relationship w/ Cleopatra

49
Q

Octavian (Caesar Augustus)

A

Fought against Marc Antony (Battle of Actium)

Permanent consul & magistrate

50
Q

Cicero

A

Senator, orator, lawyer

Opposed Julius Caesar

51
Q

Ovid

A

The Art of Love

52
Q

Virgil

A

Aeneid- epic poem on journey to Aeneas to Italy

53
Q

Livy

A

Wrote a history of the Roman republic

54
Q

Horace

A

Odes to Augustus & celebrated victory over Marc Antony

55
Q

Teutoburger Forest

A

Germanic tribes kill 20,000 Roman soldiers

56
Q

Jesus of Nazareth

A

God

57
Q

Paul the Apostle

A

Spread Christianity

58
Q

Pilate

A

Ruler of Judea

59
Q

Nero

A

Last of Judio-Claudians
Persecuted Christians
Had own mother killed; genuinely insane

60
Q

Vespasian Dynasty

A

Flavian Dynasty

Roman Colosseum

61
Q

Five Good Emperors

A

Period of prosperity

62
Q

Marcus Aurelius

A

Last of the Great Emperors

Persecuted Christians

63
Q

Hadrian

A

One of the Great Emperors

Separated civil & military administration

64
Q

Colosseum

A

Event center for Roman cities

Featured gladiator battles

65
Q

Diocletian

A

Reorganized empire into East & West
Tetrarchy
Persecution of Christians

66
Q

Constantine

A

Built Constantinople as new capital

Battle of Milvian Bridge & The Conversion (Chi Rho)

67
Q

Edict of Milan

A

Legalized Christianity & forbade persecution

68
Q

Council of Nicea

A

Arianism & The New Creed

69
Q

Julian the Apostate

A

Attempted to restore pagan worship to Roman Empire

70
Q

Eusebius of Caesarea

A

Ecclesiastical History

71
Q

Augustine of Hippo

A

Confessions- autobiographical story of conversion

City of God

72
Q

Jerome

A

Vulgate- Latin translation of Bible

73
Q

Ambrose

A

Christian Bishop of Milan

Excommunicated Theodosius

74
Q

Theodosius

A

Made Christianity the official state religion

75
Q

Adrianople

A

Gothic Victory over Roman Empire

World Civ 1 (4 decks)

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