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World Civ 1 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Crusading Origins

A

Pilgrimages- penitential journeys
Holy War- just war with holy cause
Crucified Christ- increase in devotion to suffering of Christ
Reformed Papacy- George VII called upon knights to fight
Crusade- pilgrimage & fighting as means of sanctification for sin

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2
Q

Battle of Manzikert

A

Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantines

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3
Q

Emp. Alexius I’s plea

A

Requested Western military assistance against Turks

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4
Q

Spanish Reconquista

A

Gradual Christian reconquest of Spain from the Muslims

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5
Q

Council of Clermont

A

Call to 1st Crusade

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6
Q

Urban’s Speech

A

Jerusalem- goal of expedition
Holy Sepulcher- church in Jerusalem
Penance- Indulgence

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7
Q

First Crusade

A

1st Wave- People’s Crusade led by Peter the Hermit (destroyed in Asia Minor)
2nd Wave- Powerful French lords & Norman Knights led by papal legate (Jerusalem captured)

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8
Q

Feudalism

A 
Lord & Vassal relationship
Land is basis of wealth
Feudum (fief)- land given to vassal for military service
Knights- horse riders
Vassals owed homage & fealty to lord
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9
Q

Manorialism

A

Manor- agricultural estates under control of single lord
Landlord protected peasants (wooden fortifications)
Serfs- peasants bound to land

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10
Q

Crusader States

A

Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
Principality of Antioch
County of Edessa

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11
Q

Pope Gregory VII (Investiture Controversy)

A

Struggle over lay investiture
Excommunicated Henry IV
Reinstates him at Canossa
Excommunicates him again for simony

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12
Q

Templars

A

Order of the Temple
Combined knighthood & monasticism
Castles throughout Crusader states & Europe

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13
Q

Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor)

A

Rejected Pope Gregory VII’s authority

Fought against German Nobles

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14
Q

Second Crusade

A

Failed attack on Damascus that damaged treaty between Jerusalem & Damascus

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15
Q

Vikings

A

Scandinavian Germanic tribes

Invaded British Isles, W. France, Russia, & Atlantic Ocean

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16
Q

Bernard of Clairvaux

A

Preached 2nd Crusade for Pope Eugenius III

Emphasized opportunity for salvation

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17
Q

Magyars

A

Peoples from Austria

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18
Q

Louis VII

A

Led French Knights in 2nd Crusade

Married to Eleanor of Aquitaine

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19
Q

Three Orders

A

Prayers
Fighters
Peasants

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20
Q

Eleanor of Aquitaine

A

Married to Henry II & Louis VII

Controlled SW France

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21
Q

Conrad III

A

HRE who led German knights on 2nd Crusade

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22
Q

Saladin

A

Overlord of Egypt & Syria

Led jihad against Christians & captured Jerusalem during 3rd Crusade

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23
Q

Third Crusade

A

Saladin, Phillip II Augustus, Frederick I Barbarossa, & Richard the Lionhearted

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24
Q

Richard the Lionheart

A

English king who retook costal areas & made truce w/ Saladin during 3rd Crusade

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25
Q

Philip II Augustus

A

French king who fought briefly & went home on 3rd Crusade

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26
Q

Frederick I Barbarossa

A

HRE who died on journey during 3rd Crusade

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27
Q

Innocent III

A

Pope during 4th Crusade

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28
Q

4th Crusade

A

Attack on Constantinople

Taxed clergy & formalized crusade preaching

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29
Q

Louis IX

A

St. Louis
Created more efficient gov’t & courts
Died on Crusade in N. Africa

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30
Q

Harold Godwinson

A

Elected King of Medieval England by nobles

Fought against William at Battle of Hastings

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31
Q

William the Conqueror

A

Defeats Harold Godwinson at Battle of Hastings

Gives land to Norman Kings after lords swear oath to him

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32
Q

Bt. of Hastings

A

Norman conquest of England

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33
Q

Domesday Book

A

King’s survey of England

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34
Q

Henry II

A

Married Eleanor of Aquitaine
Controlled most of W. France
Conflict w/ Archbishop of Canterbury (Thomas Beckett)

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35
Q

Thomas Beckett

A

Archbishop of Canterbury

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36
Q

John “The Softsword”

A

The Magna Carta

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37
Q

Magna Carta

A

Affirmed traditional rights of church & nobility, limited knights power

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38
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A

Heavy plow, 3 field system, rigid horse collar

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39
Q

7 Sacraments

A

Baptism, Lord’s Supper, Penance, Confirmation, Ordination, Marriage, & Extrem Unction

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40
Q

Devotion to the Saints & Mary

A

Mary- blessed mother & queen of heaven

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41
Q

Hildegard of Bingen

A

Theologian & mystic woman

42
Q

Francis of Assisi

A

Mendicant Order (current Pope)

43
Q

Cistercians

A

Founded by Bernard of Clairvaux
Strict, ascetic life
Affective meditation on Christ’s humanity

44
Q

Dominic

A

Founded Dominican order
Crusade preachers
Imitation of Christ
University professors

45
Q

University of Paris (origins)

A

Cathedral School of Notre Dame developed into U. of Paris

46
Q

Salerno

A

Med school

47
Q

Bologna

A

Law school

48
Q

Oxford & Cambridge

A

Inappropriate relationship allegations

49
Q

Peter Abelard & Heloise

A

Abelard- Tutor & author of “Yes and No” (Scholasticism)

50
Q

John Wyclif

A 
English theology professor
Rejected authority of pope
Scriptures alone
Rejected church property
Protoprotestant
51
Q

Peter Lombard

A

Authored “Sentences” (compilation of theology)

52
Q

Jan Hus

A

Czech theologian
Attacked Pisan pope’s indulgence
Burned as heretic at Constance

53
Q

Battle of Crecy

A

English victory

Use of longbow

54
Q

Thomas Aquinas

A

Authored Summa Theologiae (summary of christian beliefs)

55
Q

Romanesque

A

In the style of the Romans

Barrel vaults & thicker walls

56
Q

Gothic

A

Ribbed vaults, pointed arches, flying buttress, & stained glass windows

57
Q

Abbey of St. Denis

A

1st Gothic building

58
Q

Edward III

A

Powerful English King involved in The Hundred Years’ War & king during the Black Death

59
Q

Henry V

A

Took control of N. France (Hundred Years’ War)

60
Q

Joan of Arc

A

Peasant girl that led French forces to victory at Orleans

Captured by Burgundians & burned at the stake

61
Q

Renaissance Italy

A

Trading, banking, textile, & manufacturing powerhouse dominated by oligarchs
Major powers- Venice, Florence, Papal States, Naples, & Milan

62
Q

Indulgences

A

Remission of temporal PENALTY of sin

63
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A

“Personification of Renaissance Man”
Painter, architect, engineer, musician, inventor
Painted The Last Supper & The Mona Lisa
Advised Italian princes & French King Francis I on military engineering

64
Q

Purgatory

A

Complete satisfaction of penalty

65
Q

Michelangelo

A

Painter, sculptor, architect, & poet

Painted Sistine Chapel (Madonna), Pieta, & created David

66
Q

Pico della Mirandola

A

Authored “On the Dignity of Man” (Focused on human achievement esp. the Renaissance)

67
Q

Leo X

A

Issues indulgences

68
Q

Petrarch

A

Father of Humanism

69
Q

Humanism

A

Study of Classical Latin literature to understand human nature
Studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, & moral philosophy

70
Q

Erasmus

A

Authored “Education of a Christian Prince” (guide to being a good prince w/ incorruptible morals)
New Greek edition of New Testament

71
Q

Thomas More

A

Devout Roman Catholic
Wrote Utopia
Tutor of Henry VIII (who later executed him)

72
Q

Pietro Paulo Vergerio

A

Authored “On the Morals That Befit a Free Man” (treatise on education)

73
Q

Leonardo Bruni

A

Authored “History of Florentine People” (focused on Florence as the model city)

74
Q

Lorenzo Valla

A

Rejected monasticism

applied critical scholarship to manuscripts

75
Q

Julius II

A

Pope that employed Michelangelo & began St. Peter’s Basillica

76
Q

Vatican Library

A

Established by Renaissance Popes

77
Q

Giotto

A

Early use of realism (frescoes in chapels)

78
Q

Masaccio

A

Perspective & light vs. dark (Trinity)

79
Q

Donatello

A

Classical figure in statues

80
Q

Botticelli

A

Classical, mythical art

81
Q

Raphael

A

Painted ennobling portrayals of human beings

Religious & philosophical subjects (School of Athens)

82
Q

Machiavelli

A

Florentine political advisor
Authored “The Prince” (guide to be an effective politician)
Exiled from Florence after Spanish invasion

83
Q

Albrecht Dürer

A

German Renaissance painter

Converted Lutheran

84
Q

Roger van der Weyden

A

Flemish painter

85
Q

Jan van Eyck

A 
Medieval Netherlands
Distinctive Style (painter)
86
Q

Hundred Years’ War

A

Series of wars between French & English

87
Q

Gutenberg

A

Movable type

Gutenburg’s Bible

88
Q

Charles VII (France)

A

Crowned king of France at Reims cathedral (Joan of Arc)

89
Q

Edward IV

A

House of York

90
Q

Richard III

A

Lost Battle of Bosworth Field to Henry Tudor

91
Q

Henry VII (Tudor)

A

1st Tudor King
Married Elizabeth of York to end War of the Roses
Court of the Star Chamber
Expanded middle class industry

92
Q

Ferdinand of Aragon

A

Married to Isabella of Castille
Grandfather of Charles V
“Most Catholic King of Spain”
Reconquered Granada (Spanish Reconquista)
Spanish Inquisition- expelled/converted Jews, Muslims, & protestants

93
Q

Isabella of Castille

A

Married to Ferdinand of Aragon

Grandma of Charles V

94
Q

Maximilian

A

Grandfather of Charles V
Habsburg family in Austria
HRE

95
Q

Charles I (V) (Spain & HRE)

A

1st King of united Spain

Inherited huge empire from grandparents: Isabella, Ferdinand, & Maximilian

96
Q

Great Schism

A

Two rival popes elected (Urban VI at Rome & Clement VII at Avignon)
Council at Pisa- third pope elected

97
Q

H. R. Emperor Sigismund

A

Called Council of Constance

98
Q

Council of Constance

A

Ordered by HRE Sigismund

Ended Schism by electing Pope Martin V

99
Q

Black Death

A

Poor harvests from “little ice age”
Brought in on Genoese ships to Sicily
Passed through fleas/rats
Led to people fleeing cities, religious fervor, scapegoating the Jews…

100
Q

Pope Martin V

A

Elected pope to end The Great Schism

101
Q

Martin Luther & justification by faith alone vs. medieval view of justification

A

Purgtory, Culpa & Poena, Indulgences

102
Q

Albrecht of Mainz

A

Used indulgence money to repay loans from campaigning & to build a cathedral

World Civ 1 (4 decks)

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