Test 2 Flashcards
Joshua 1:9
Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the Lord your God will be with you wherever you go
What is the Sympathetic Nervous System division of the Autonomic Nervous System?
- Mobilizes body for action; active under stressful conditions
- Increases: heart rate, breathing, sweating, pupil dilation
- Decreases: gastrointestinal activity
- Fight/Flight/Freeze (males or females) - Tend/Befriend (females)
- Norepinephrine
What is the Parasympathetic Nervous System division of the Autonomic Nervous System?
- Promotes relaxation; active under normal conditions
- Decreases: heart rate, breathing, sweating, pupils
- Increases: gastrointestinal activity
- Rest/Digest
- Acetylcholine
What is General Adaptation Syndrome?
The body’s generalized attempt to defend against a stressor
What are the three stages of General adaption syndrome?
Three stages represent this response to stressors
- Alarm stage: initial response to stressor
- Resistance: body mobilizes to defend against stressor
- Exhaustion: ongoing response to stressor can lead to depleted resource for the body
What does general adaptation syndrome explain?
General Adaptation Syndrome helps to explain how stress relates to physical illness
- Continued stress will cause prolonged resistance which may be related to ulcers, hypertension, asthma, and possibly resistance to immune system
- In exhaustion stage, the body is depleted and can lead to depression or death
What was Lazarus’ View of Stress?
Lazarus conceptualized stress as being determined by a person
- It is not the environmental event nor the person’s response, but rather the person’s perception of the situation that determines what is stressful
What are the key points of Lazarus’s view of stress?
Key points of Lazarus’s view of stress
- Stress is interactional (between a person and the environment)
- Person’s appraisal is key in determining what is stressful
- Stress arises when the situation is threatening, challenging, or harmful
What are the three types of appraisal according to Lazarus’s View of Stress?
People make three types of appraisals
- Primary appraisal: person determines whether the event is irrelevant, benign-positive (good), or stressful
- Secondary appraisal: person determines whether they can successfully apply coping strategies to alleviate stress
- Reappraisal: person incorporates any new information
Diathesis Stress Model: what is diathesis and what is the definition of this model?
- Diathesis = predisposition
- Definition: some people are more vulnerable to stress-related diseases due to either genetic weakness or biochemical imbalance that predisposes them to disease
Diathesis Stress Model: The model
- Precursors: Genetic factors, Brain disease, Early learning experience, Bad family dynamics
- Diathesis: Vulnerability
- Stress: Poor self-understanding, Stressful family dynamics, Social stresses
- Outcome: Disorder (e.g. schizophrenia)
Diathesis-Stress Model: Two assumed factors
- The person has a predisposition or vulnerability (diathesis) to the disease (can be biochemical, abuse or maltreatment during childhood could also create vulnerabilities to disorders)
- Person experiences some sort of stress
Effects of Long-Term Stress on Physical Health: Mouth
Mouth ulcers
Effects of Long-Term Stress on Physical Health: Lungs
More susceptible to colds and other lung infections
Effects of Long-Term Stress on Physical Health: Intestines
Cause or aggravate gastritis, ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome
Effects of Long-Term Stress on Physical Health: Skin
Skin problems such as eczema and psoriasis
Effects of Long-Term Stress on Physical Health: Forehead
Headaches and psychological problems, including anxiety and depression
Effects of Long-Term Stress on Physical Health: Muscle
Various minor muscular twitches and “nervous tics”
Effects of Long-Term Stress on Physical Health: Aorta
High blood pressure can worsen
Effects of Long-Term Stress on Physical Health: Heart
Heart problems, including attacks of pain and heart rate and rhythm disturbances
Effects of Long-Term Stress on Physical Health: Reproductive
Menstrual disorders in women and impotence and premature ejaculation in men
Headache Pain
- Most common of all types of pain; 90% of people will experience headaches
- Thee primary types of headaches:
– Migraine headaches
– Tensions headaches
– Cluster headaches
Managing Pain: Acute vs. Chronic
Treatment for pain varies
- Acute pain is easier to treat as the source of the pain is clear
- Chronic pain is more difficult because there is not usually an obvious source
– Relief can be sought by two methods: medical approaches & behavioral management approaches
II Corinthians 12:9-10
But he said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly of my weakness, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me. For the sake of Christ, then, I am content with weakness, insults, hardships, persecutions, and calamites. For when I am weak, then I am strong.
