Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Child Psychology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Different types of ages

5 points

A
  1. Chronological age- # of years that passed since birth.
  2. Biological age- Measure of your physical condition of your age compared to others. Ex.Wrinkles
  3. Functional age- Measure of your functioning in various aspects.
  4. Social age- A measure of the number of roles you take during specific points in your life.
    Woman having her 1st child at 45 is taking on a social role atleast a decade younger.
  5. Psychological age- A measure of a persons ability to deal with the environment effectively compared to others. Being irresponsible at 40
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

We must consider the developing person in context of multiple environments.

A

The Ecological systems approach belief ?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 systems explain:

A
  1. Microsystem- Your family, friends, classmates, teachers, neighbors, and other people who have direct contact with you.
  2. Mesosystem- The relationships between your microsystems.
  3. Exosystem- The exosystem is the link between 2 settings: one is an immediate setting, and the other is one where the person doesn’t play an active role.
  4. Macrosystem- The macrosystem setting involves the culture of the individual.
  5. Chronosystem- Has to do with the role of time. When events occur in a person’s life.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who is Urie Bronfenbrenner and what did he do ?

A
  1. Introduce the Ecological systems approach to development.
    2.1979
    3.Started with 3 and updated to 5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain the 5 systems

A

We encounter different enviornments throughout our lifespan that may influence our behavior in varying degrees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 stages of cognitive development

A

1.Sensorimotor stage (0-2)-Infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences (such as seeing and hearing) with physical, motor actions

2.Preoperational stage (2-7)- 1.The child learns to use images, words, and drawings to represent things.They start forming ideas and understanding concepts
Their thinking is still a bit egocentric, meaning they find it hard to see things from someone else’s perspective..

3.Concrete operational stage (7-11)- . Kids start using logic more appropriately. They can now sort objects by size, shape, or other features.Their thinking becomes less egocentric (they start to understand that other people think differently).

  1. Formal operational stage (11-16)-
    Hypotheses and Testing: Teens can come up with ideas or guesses and test them to see if they’re right, like a scientist does.
    Abstract Thinking: They can think about things that aren’t immediately in front of them, like ideas about love, fairness, or values.
    Logical Reasoning: They can use logic to solve problems, think about possible situations, and draw conclusions based on the information they have.
    Understanding Complex Ideas: They can understand complex concepts, like things that aren’t just “right” or “wrong” but have shades of gray like understanding that people can have different opinions about what is fair or loving.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who is Jean Piaget and what did he do ?

2 points

A
  1. Piaget was a stage theorist
  2. He believed cognition developed qualitatively in a series of stages different from what preceded it or which will follow it.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stability vs. Plasticity:

A

Stability- Important parts of ourselves make up a consistent core.

For example, does the 3-year-old with a high IQ maintain that high IQ at ages 8,16,18 and 21

Plasticity- Many aspects of development can be modified. Not much is set in stone, but there can be limits.

Former alcoholic teenager becomes a responsible and sober adult.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Field of study that deals with behavior, thoughts, and emotions of individuals as they go through various parts of the lifespan. Also includes child development, adolescent development and adult development

A

What is developmental psychology?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Scientific studies of measurable and observable events. They are measured and evaluated objectively

A

What is empirical research?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aspects of life we can all relate to. Universal event in our culture.

A

What is commonalities?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Atypical experiences?

A

Experiences that are unique to the individual

  • Example:
  • Teen pregnancy
  • Raising kids then going back to school
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Outer vs Inner change:

A

Outer changes:Changes that are visible and apparent
Example: Losing or gaining weight etc.

Inner changes:Those changes not apparent to the casual observer.
Example: Growing wisdom or falling in love

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Sources of change:

A

1.Normative age graded influences- These are linked by experiences by most people of any age of every generation.Puberty or menopause

  1. Normative history graded influences- It is experiences that result from historical events or conditions. Also shapes development.9/11
  2. Non normative life events- Aspects that influence your life that are unique to you are not shared with many others.Spouse dies at a young age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A group of people who share a common historical experience at the same stage of life.

A

What is a cohort?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did psychiatrist George Valliant do ?

A
  1. (2002) Study showed how upbringing had an effect on people’s personality. These persisted throughout the lifespan.
  2. Parents that provided basic trust to their children instill a sense of self worth etc. It had a positive effect on the children’s personality.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Interactionist view:

A

How ones genes interact w/ the
environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Guiding perspective to understanding childhood through adult development. It’s the idea that development is lifelong, multidimensional, and contextual and has multiple causes.

A

Lifespan Developmental Psychology Approach

19
Q

Lifespan Developmental Psychology Approach

List

A

1.Multi directionality:We develop in different directions and at different rates.

2.Development as gains and loss:Development combines gains and losses at every age, and we need to anticipate and adapt to both.

3.Plasticity:Many aspects of development can be modified. Not much is set in stone, but there can be limits.

4.Historical embeddedness:Development is influenced by historical and cultural conditions.

5.Contextualism:Development depends on the interaction of normative age-graded, normative history-graded, and nonnormative influences.

6.Mutlidisciplinary:The study of human development across the lifespan does not belong to psychology alone. It is the territory of many other disciplines and benefits from the contributions of all.

20
Q

Period of time which functioning is different from fucntioning at other periods.

A

What are stages?

Example: Terrible twos

21
Q

Qualitative vs. Quantitative differences

A

The degree to which cognitive development reflects changes in type or kind (qualitative) versus amount or rate (quantitative).

Quantitative: The actual count of words going from saying 1 word to 2 words.

Qualitative:The older child does not necessarily do more with the toy but the idea is that the entire nature of the play is different.

22
Q

It states that cognitive skills do not improve steadily throughout childhood, reach adult competence early in life, and remain stable throughout the lifespan.Another Idea is that abilities can actually decline throughout childhood and into adulthood.

A

What is Developmental invariance?

Example: Infants can discriminate between a wide variety or range of sounds, which seems to decline by the teen years.

23
Q

Tape recorder Model of development

Who ?

What?

A
  1. Tape recorder Model of development (Jerome Kagen 1976)
  2. Every experience is recorded forever without being able to rewrite or erase something once it has happened (recorded)

Examples: Children raised in environments that lacked proper stimulation or infants that received little social or physical stimulation showed signs of retardation

24
Q

Deliberate goal directed mental operations aimed at solving a problem.

Toddler moving a box to get cookies

A

Strategies:

25
Q

is also known as the sensitive period. It is a time in development usually early in life when a certain skill or ability is most easily acquired

A

Define critical period:

Adults can still learn a language in the critical period but it is with greater difficulty.

26
Q

says that development happens through a process of trying different options, keeping the ones that work best, and getting rid of the ones that don’t.

Ex. only those successful ones are selected by the immediate environment and survive

A

What are the Selectionist theories?

27
Q

__________ is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

A

Object permanance

28
Q

when a child does not reach developmental milestones at the expected age. These milestones include skills in areas like speech, motor skills, social interaction, or problem-solving. ages 3-9

A

What is a developmental delay?

29
Q

_________________refers to specialized support and services provided to young children (usually from birth to age 5) who have developmental delays, disabilities, or specific health conditions. The goal is to help the child develop essential skills and reduce the impact of challenges as they grow.

A

Early intervention

30
Q

It is specially designed instruction to meet the unique needs of an individual recognized as exceptional

A

What is Special Education?

  • Example: Vision impaired may need larger print books
  • Teachers, speech therapists, psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists and those that provide related services should work as a team to address the needs of the individual with a disability
31
Q

Label assigned to an individual who share common characteristics and feature

A

What is a category?

32
Q

George Valient-
Urie Bronfenbrenner-
Jean Piaget-
Paul Baltes-
Richard Lerner-
Jerome Kaegan-

A
  1. George valient- Study showed how upbringing had an effect on people’s personality. These persisted throughout the lifespan.Parents that provided basic trust to their children instill a sense of self worth etc. It had a positive effect on the children’s personality.

2.Urie Brodenbrenner- Ecological systems approach-We must consider the developing person in context of multiple environments.

  1. Jean Paigt was a stage theorist. He believed cognition developed in a series of stages.Thinking at any particular stage being qualitively different from what preceded it or which will follow it. He divided cognitive development into 4 major stages.

4.Paul Baltes:Lifespan developmental approach-Human development is a life long process. No single age is more important than another. At every age various developmental processes are at work (according to Paul Baltes other Psychologists may disagree)

  1. Richard Lerner- Developmental Systems Approach
    -Development happens because both our biology and experiences work together in a two-way process.
    We’re born with certain abilities and limits, and these change based on the environment we grow up in.
33
Q

What is Empiricism?

A

Human knowledge and thought derive ultimately from sensory experience (vision, hearing, touch, and so forth)

34
Q
  1. We are like machines that learn and our senses provide the input .
  2. Our senses allow us to acquire knowledge about the world around us
A

Empiricism

35
Q

What is learning

A
  1. Any process through which experience at one time can alter an individuals behavior at a future time.
    2.The behavior can be physical and overt, or it can be intellectual or attitudinal
36
Q

What is structure ?

A

Structure :Part of the person that develops.
Ex,Muscle , nervous tissue and mental knowledge

37
Q

What is a function ?

A

Function is the action related to a structure
ex.Movement of a muscle, firing of a nerve or activation of mental representation

38
Q

What is Reinforcer ?

A

A stimulus change that occurs after a response that increases the subsequent frequency of that response

39
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

Removal of some stimulus following a response makes the response more likely to recur.

40
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

Arrival of some stimulus following a response makes the response more likely to recur.

41
Q

What is classical conditioning ?

A

It is a learning process that has to do with the formation of new reflexes

42
Q

What is Sleeper Effects?

A

Various issues and problems that may show up later in development.

43
Q

What is maturation?

A

A genetic or biologically determined process of growth that unfolds over a period of time.

44
Q

What is culture ?

A

Any Idea, belief or practice that is acquired through learning from others.

Child Psychology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions