Test 1 Flashcards
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What is the Sleeper Effect?
Various issues and problems that may show up later in development.
What is Law of Association?
- If a person experiences two or more environmental events (stimuli or sensations) at the same time or one right after the other (contiguously)
- these 2 or more events will become associated (bound together) in the person’s mind.
Empiricism and Nativism
Nativism: It says that knowledge and rules are native to the human mind, inborn and do not have to be acquired through experience
Empiricism: Human knowledge and thought derive ultimately from sensory experience (vision, hearing, touch, and so forth)
Differences between
experiments, correlational studies and descriptive studies
Experiments: An experiment is the most direct and conclusive approach to testing a hypothesis (about a cause and effect relationship between 2 variables)
Correlational studies:Investigates relationships between variables without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them.
Descriptive studies:Aim is to describe behavior of an individual or group without systematically investigating relationships between specific variables.
Why is it important for Society to understand Child Development?
1.Protect and advance the well being of children
2.Research findings lead to helpful advice in our interaction with children
3.Understanding the influence of poverty
4.Understand how violent programs impact children
5.Better determine if child is having a developmental difficulty and able to treat that child.
6.Better understand the process of maturation
7. Creating effective day care programs
What are the levels of analysis :
- Neural - Brain as cause.
- Cultural - Cultural you grew up in as cause.
- Physiological - Chemical functions as cause.
- Genetic - Gene as cause
- Learning - Individual’s prior experiences with the environment as the cause
- Cognitive - The individuals knowledge and beliefs as a cause
- Developmental- Age related changes as cause.
- Social- They influence of others as cause.
- Evolutionary level- Natural selection as the cause.
Define Levels of analysis:
Refers to the level or type of causal process that is studied.
Facts lead to theories which lead to hypotheses which are tested by research studies or experiments.
Cycle of Science
Difference between a Between Groups experiment and a Within subject experiments:
Within subject: The different conditions of the independent variable are applied to each subject (everyone gets the different conditions, same people with different conditions)(Hans the horse)
Between Groups:the different conditions are applied across the different groups of subjects (different groups get different conditions)
What is Learning?
- Any process through which experience at one time can alter an individuals behavior at a future time.
2.The behavior can be physical and overt, or it can be intellectual or attitudinal
What is Classical Conditioning?
It is a learning process that has to do with the formation of new reflexes
Biology as it relates to developmental psychology:
- Because it has it roots in biology
- Consistent physical and mental changes that happen to most human beings.
A genetic or biologically determined process of growth that unfolds over a period of time.
What is maturation?
Define Structure and Function:
1.Structure :Part of the person that develops.
Ex,Muscle , nervous tissue and mental knowledge
2.Function is the action related to a structure
ex.Movement of a muscle, firing of a nerve or activation of mental representation
What is Developmental Psychology?
Field of study that deals with behavior, thoughts, and emotions of individuals as they go through various parts of the lifespan
