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HE304 - Indigenous Health & Wellbeing > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 9 national organizations in Canada for Indigenous people?

A
  • Assembly of First Nations (AFN)
  • Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK)
  • Metis National Council (MNC)
  • Native Women’s Association of Canada (NWAC)
  • Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada
  • Women of the Metis Nation
  • National Association of Friendships Centres
  • First Nations Child & Family Caring Society
  • First Nations Information and Governance Council (FNIGC)
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2
Q

what is the Assembly of First Nations and their main goals?

A
  • comprised of a National Chief, 10 Regional Chiefs and the chairs of Elders, Women’s and Youths councils
  • AFN advocates on behalf of First Nations as directed by Chiefs-in-Assembly on issues such as treaties, Indigenous rights, and land and resources.
  • also includes fostering relationship building between First Nations, the Crown and the public
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3
Q

what is the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and their main goals?

A
  • is a national advocacy organization that works to improve the health and wellbeing of Inuit
  • ITK does research, advocacy, public outreach and education on issues affecting the inuit
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4
Q

what is the Metis National Council and their main goals?

A
  • MNC receives direction from the elected leadership of the provincial Metis Nation governments
  • MNC aims to “secure a healthy space for the Metis Nations ongoing existence within the Canadian federation”
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5
Q

what is the Native Women’s Association of Canada and their main goals?

A
  • NWAC is an aggregate of 13 Native women’s organizations from across Canada
  • it was incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1974
  • the goal is to promote and foster the wellbeing of FNMI women
  • NWAC provides support much like a “Grandmothers Lodge,” which emphasizing the importance of familial and communal bond to collectively recognize, respect, promote, defend, and enhance their ancestry
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6
Q

What is the Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada and their main goals?

A
  • a non-profit organization representing all Inuit women in Canada
  • it aims is to foster greater awareness of the needs of Inuit women
  • encourage the participation of Inuit women in community, regional and national concerns in relation to social, cultural and economic development
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7
Q

what is the Women of the Metis Nation and their main goals?

A
  • works to ensure that Metis women from across the Motherland are safe, respected, connected and empowered
  • ensure women have the capacity to work with Canadian and Metis governments and organizations to help create the conditions for healthy, vibrant and productive communities through the Metis Nation
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8
Q

what is the National Association of Friendship Centres and their main goals?

A
  • a network of over 100 friendship centres and provincial/territorial associations
  • this makes up part of the friendship centre movement
  • it is a national network of self-determined Indigenous owned and operated civicl society community hubs offering programs, services and supports to urban indigenous people
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9
Q

what is the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society and their main goals?

A
  • works to ensure the safety and wellbeing of First Nations youth and their families
  • achieve this through reconciliation-based public
    educational initiatives, public policy campaigns, research and quality resources to support communities.
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10
Q

What is the First Nations Information and Governance Council and their main goals?

A
  • their vision is to “envisions that every First Nation will achieve data sovereignty in alignment with its distinct world view

–> refers to the right of First Nations to own, control, access their data according to their unique cultural perspectives and worldviews.

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11
Q

health-related Indigenous Organizations in Ontario

A
  • Southwest Ontario Aboriginal Health Access Centre
  • Ontario Federation of Indigenous Friendship Centres
  • Anishnawbe Health Toronto
  • Seven Generation Midwives Toronto
  • Thunderbird Partnership Foundation
  • De dwa da dehs nye>s Aboriginal Health Centre (DAHC)
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12
Q

description of Southwest Ontario Aboriginal Health Access Centre

A
  • purpose is to improve access to, and the quality of, health services for FNMI people
  • provide provide innovative, Indigenous-informed health care to FNMI communities in southwestern Ontario
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13
Q

description of Ontario Federation of Indigenous Friendship Centres

A
  • represents the collective interests of 31 Friendship Centres in cities and towns across the province.
  • Friendship Centres are places for community members and Indigenous people living in urban spaces to gather, connect with one another and receive culturally based services
  • Friendship Centres improve the lives of urban Indigenous people by supporting self-determined activities which encourage equal access to, and participation in, Canadian society while respecting Indigenous cultural distinctiveness
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14
Q

description of Anishnawbe Health Toronto

A
  • Anishnawbe Health Toronto is a fully accredited health centre, accredited by the Canadian Centre for Accreditation (CCA).
  • AHT’s model of health care is based on Indigenous culture and traditions
  • AHT is the only facility in Toronto that cares for Indigenous clients with both western and traditional approaches to health care
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15
Q

description of Seven Generations Midwives Toronto

A
  • Seventh Generation Midwives Toronto (SGMT) is a group of midwives who offer maternity care to women from the City of Toronto, particularly those from the downtown area, and from the Aboriginal community.
  • have both Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Midwives providing care for our clients
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16
Q

description of Thunderbird Partnership Foundation

A
  • non-profit organization that is committed to working with First Nations to address substance use and addiction within communities
  • they promote a wholistic approach to healing and wellness that values culture, respect, community, and compassion
  • their top priority is developing a continuum of care that would be available to all Indigenous people in Canada.
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17
Q

description of De dwa da dehs nye>s Aboriginal Health Centre (DAHC) in Hamilton

A
  • prides itself in its name of “taking care of each other amongst ourselves”
  • DAHC is the only urban Indigenous organization in the City of Brantford and Greater Hamilton area providing a blend of western and Indigenous traditional medicine
  • provides primary care and health promotions programs in the urban centres of Brantford and Hamilton
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18
Q

what are some determinants of health?

A
  • employment/working conditions
  • education and literacy
  • physical environments
  • social support networks
  • personal health practices and coping skills
  • social environments
  • health child development
  • biology and genetic endowment
  • culture
  • financial and social status
  • gender
  • health services
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19
Q

what did Gwen Philips figure relate to the tree metaphor for determinants of health?

A
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20
Q

what are the proximal determinants of health?

A
  • health behaviours
  • physical environment
  • employment and income
  • food insecurity
  • access to education
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21
Q

what are distal (root) determinants of health?

A

refers to the broader political, economic, and social contexts that significantly influence the health of populations
- like the trunk of a tree, they are the determinants thof health representing the foundation from which all other determinants evolve and are maintained
- most PROFOUND impact!

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22
Q

examples of distal determinants of health

A
  • colonialism = leads to disease and increased violence
  • racism and social exclusion = disparities in health outcomes
  • self-determination = the ability of indigenous people to make decisions about their own healthcare
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23
Q

what are the 3 root determinants of health discussed in the reading?

A
  • colonization and colonialism
  • indian residential school system
  • colonial ideologies
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24
Q

role of colonization as a root determinant of health

A
  • invasion of colonial settlers onto indigenous lands resulted in harm to those lands and displacement of people
  • colonization is not a single historical event but persistent constellation of intersecting systems
  • the impact of colonization manifests differently among Indigenous people in Canada (i.e Metis have higher socio-economic status than First Nations, but are better of than Inuit)
  • colonization has resulted in diminished self- determination
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25
Q

role of residential schools as a root determinant of health

A
  • Indian Residential School system was the most powerful mechanism of assimilation
  • goal of these schools was to “killl the indian in the child” by attempting to destory cultures, lanugage, family ties and community netwokrs of FNMI people
  • the trauma of surviving residential schools has not only impacted their own health, but also that of their children and grandchildren
    –> many survivors experienced impacts such as isolation from family and community, loss of culture, harsh discipline, and verbal/physical/mental abuse
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26
Q

role of colonial ideologies as a root determinant of health

A

1) white supremacy
- white people are superior so they should possess all forms of power and privilege causing inequitable distribution of resources
2) christianity
- christianity was imposed on Indigenous people replacing their spiritual beliefs
3) patriarchy
- missionaries attempted to replace Indigenous creation stores that were grounded in female fecundity to one about a male god
- Indian Act said that to be recognized as “Indian” status you need to be male, married to a male or recognized child of a male
4) individualism
- indigenous cultures were typically collectivist, and their identity was linked to belonging in a group but europeans colonizers belonged to high individualistic, which limited community resource distribution (fishing, hunting)
5) colonial governance
-
6) reserves and settlement
- without consulting Indigenous people, Canadian government set aside lands (reserves) that “Indian Bands” coud live which was often small, isolated and poorly resourced = far from opportunites/services/resources
- many First Nations no longer live on reserves and give up certain services only available on-reserve
7) capitalism
- Canada is a capitalist country, meaning that wealth is generated through trade and business
- while early fur trade was beneficial to some Indigenous people, Canada’s emerging capitalism promoted further land appropriation for colonial expansion and settlement

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27
Q

what were the 6 main core determinants of health described in the readings?

A
  • child welfare policies and systems
  • criminal justice system
  • health care systems
  • educational systems
  • community infrastructure and resources
  • environmental stewardship
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28
Q

role of child welfare policies & systems as core determinants of health

A
  • in 1950’s Indigenous chilsren were aprehended and relocated into the home of non-indigenous people
  • Indigenous people are overrepresented in the child welfare system (over 50% depsite being only 7% of youth)
  • intergenerational trauma, poverty, mental illness and substance abuse are commonly associated with child welfare involvement
  • there are also significant health concerns regarding the lasting health impacts of involvement of the child welfare system, including mental health, suicide, substance use, criminality, HIV/AIDS
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29
Q

role of the criminal justice system as core determinants of health

A
  • within the criminal justice system, indigenous people are far too overrepresented as both victims and offenders
  • Indigenous people are disproportionately affected by violent crimes, murder and sexual assault
  • the Supreme Court and several inquiries have identified systemic discrimination through the justice system, (policing, courts and corrections)
  • Indigenous ancestry is highly associated with forceful police interventions and incarcerations, and denial of bail = long sentences and high representation in maximum security prisons
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30
Q

role of health care systems as core determinants of health

A
  • indigenous people do not have geophysical, political or social access to healthcare systems = diminished screening, late diagnosis and helathcare outcomes
  • geographic isolation in remote, rural communities are a substantial barrier to accessing healthcare for Indigenous people
  • small isolated communities have trouble attracting and retaining health professionals = short-term, non-resident care (must pay) or have to wait and travel long distances to receive care
  • First Nations are limited by needed-services not being covered or approved by the federal Non-Insured Health Benefit Plan (NIHB) or by doctors/nurses unavailable in their area
  • another barrier is that healthcare is not culturally appropriate or severely inadequate
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31
Q

role of education system as core determinants of health

A
  • adequate education has a profound impact on employment, income, and living conditions
  • inequitable funding for education of Indigenous people has led to fewer education resources, libraries, and technologies
  • it is also hard to recruit and retain teachers as the salary is not competitive
  • there has been steady increase in Indigenous student pursuing post-secondary education but a gap continues to exist, mostly caused by economic and social challenges
32
Q

role of community infrastructure and resources as a core determinant of health

A
  • community infrastructure, including buildings, transportation, and essential services like water management, significantly impacts health and wellness, especially in land-based Indigenous communities.
  • control and use of land and natural resources are foundational to economic success in Indigenous communities
33
Q

role of environmental stewardship as a core determinant of health

A
  • traditional ties to the natural environment is acknowledged as a major resource for good health for Indigenous people prior to colonization
  • colonial expansion has lead to rapid dispossession and forced segregation of Indigenous People
  • colonial governments do not acknowledge indigenous people as stewards (caretakers) of their traditional territories or permit them an equitable share of its natural resource
  • industrial contamination of wildlife, fish, vegetation has forced Indigenous People further from their natural environments that once sustained community health
  • when Indigenous people have authority over their lands and waters = favourable health outcomer
    –> there has been growing trend toward Indigenous environmental stewardship and self-determination
34
Q

what are the mechanisms of impact of the distal determinants of health

A

1) residential schools
- caused profound trauma = poor mental health outcomes, disrupted family structures
2) intergenerational/historical trauma
- trauma is passed down within families = affects mental health, parenting styles, and overall community resilience
3) racism
- systemic racism that creates barriers within society = limits access to resources, healthcare, and opportunities leading to poorer health outcomes
4) political representation
- indigenous people are not present at many decision making tables = unequal access to control over land, economy and health services

35
Q

types of racism

A
  • violent racism
  • epistemic racism
  • scientific racism
  • structural racism
  • institutional racism
  • interpersonal racism
  • internalized racism
36
Q

what is violent racism?

A

acts of violence perpetrated against a person or group based on the racialized group they are assigned to

37
Q

examples of violent racism

A
  • bounties for scalps of mi’knaw men, women and children in 1700s in Halifax (forceful removal of the human scalp with hair attached)
  • MMIWG (i.e highway of tears =where girls/women disappeared or murdered)
38
Q

what is epistemic racism?

A
  • refers to the positioning of the knowledge of one racialized group as superior to another
  • valuing and devaluing of knowledge systems of specific cultures
  • –> i.e RCT inform clinical guidelines and medical training
    –> also called cognitive imperialism
39
Q

what is scientific racism?

A
  • referring to a school of “scientific” thought that believed different racial and ethnic groups have inherently different levels of physical, intellectual and moral abilities to make some races and ethnic groups to superior or inferior to other groups
    –> now discredited and proven false
40
Q

what is structural racism?

A

economic, social and political processes of a society that create and reinforce racial discrimination
–> ways in which societies foster racial discrimination through mutually reinforcing systems

41
Q

what is institutional racism?

A

is differential access to the goods, services and opportunities of society by race

42
Q

characteristics of institutional racism

A

1) no identifiable perpetrator
- institutional racism does not always have a clear individual or group responsible; it often operates within established systems and structures.
2) historical evolution
- this form of racism has developed over time, influenced by historic actions and policies, particularly those stemming from colonialism

example: in northern, rural and remote communities, there is often lower training of nursing staffs as compared to other urban places

43
Q

what is interpersonal racism?

A
  • acts of racism between people and can include subtle or overt racisms
  • could be acts of violence and micro-aggressions
44
Q

examples of interpersonal racism

A
  • using slurs or derogatory language when referring to someone
  • making jokes or stereotypes about a racial group
45
Q

examples of stuctural racism

A
  • indian act
  • residential and day schools
  • lack of access to health care systems
  • land development
  • child welfare
  • policing/justice
46
Q

what is internalized racism?

A

when people (or a person) of a racialized group subconsciously or consciously adopt negative beliefs, stereotypes, or biases about themselves due to systemic racism and societal norms.
–> i.e feeling inferior, rejecting cultural practices and/or shame

47
Q

how many health calls to action are in the TRC? what is their goal?

A
  • there are 7 (from #18-#24)
  • they aim to address and rectify the health disparities faced by Indigenous peoples in Canada, which are rooted in historical injustices, including the impacts of residential schools
48
Q

what are some of the main categories in the TRC?

A
  • child welfare
  • education
  • health
  • language and culture
  • justice
49
Q

what are the health calls to action from the TRC?

A

18) recognize that the current state of Indigenous health is a direct outcome of harmful past policies (i.e including residential schools)
19) federal government is urged to work with Indigenous communities to reduce health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations
20) recognize and meet the unique health needs of Métis, Inuit, and off-reserve Indigenous peoples, addressing jurisdictional challenges that can limit their access to healthcare services.
21) sustainable funding is requested for existing and new Aboriginal healing centres to address the harms caused by residential schools, and to ensure that the funding of healing centres in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories is a priority
22) emphasizes the importance of recognizing and integrating Aboriginal healing practices in collaboration with Aboriginal healers and Elders within the Canadian healthcare system, when requested by Indigenous patients
23) increase the number of Indigenous professionals in healthcare, retain them in their communities, and provide all healthcare workers with cultural competency training.
24) medical and nursing schools are urged to mandate a course on Indigenous health issues including history of residential schools, Indigenous rights, and cultural teachings, with a focus on intercultural competency, conflict resolution, human rights, and anti-racism training

50
Q

what did the reading called “Hear Our Voice” discuss?

A
  • is a report on the 20 years since the Royal Commission on Aboriginal People (RCAP) was released with research and recommendations
  • people from different sectors of society (indigenous leaders, Minister of Indigenous Affairs, leaders of non-profit organizations, researchers etc) convened in Winnipeg in Nov 2016 for a National Forum
  • it included 3 days of activities to discuss the lessons learned from the past 20 years can inform the reconciliation process for the TRC
  • this document provides an overview of the key messages from the RCAP National Forum and serves as guide for moving forward
51
Q

what is the RCAP?

A
  • the Royal Commission on Aboriginal People
  • it would begin a national process of reconciliation
  • there were 440 recommendations provided by RCAP, 54 of which were related to governance alonw
  • the RCAPs underlying theme was “achieving self-determination and self-reliance” for Indigenous peoples to better their lives and improve relationships within Canada
  • the report said if one theme dominates its that Aboriginal people must have room to exercise their autonomy and structure their own solutions
52
Q

what were the 4 guiding principles of RCAP?

A

1) Recognition
- recognize that Indigenous people are the original inhabitants of the land and caretakers of the land
- also calls on Indigenous people to accept that that non-indigenous people are also part of the land now
2) Respect
- means that we act towards each other in ways that enhance our dignity as human being living on shared land (i.e listening, learning)
- calls on all Canadians to create a climate of positive mutual regard between and among people
- includes respect for the unique rights and status of First Nations, and the unique vulture and heritage of each Indigenous person
3) Sharing
- acknowledging our reciprocal relationships and equitable sharing of the resources in Canada = “we are all treaty people”
- sharing is the basis that Canada was founded on = if Indigenous people were unwilling to share what they had, many newcomers wouldn’t prosper
4) Responsibility
- partners have the duty to act responsibly toward one another and the shared lands between them
- partners must be accountable for the promises they have made, accountable for behaving honourably, and accountable for the impact of their action and wellbeing of others

53
Q

what were the 3 priorities for action decided at the National Forum?

A

1) the need to develop new institutions
- emphasizes the creation of an Aboriginal order of government with authority over Indigenous people and their land, while adhering to the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
- also recommended replacing the federal department of Indian Affairs with two departments = one with relationships with Aboriginal Nations, other to provide services for non-self-governing communities
2) a sustained commitment to foster vibrant communities
- refers to long-term efforts to improve the social, economic, and health conditions in Indigenous communities
- two key examples of such efforts are the Kelowna Accord and the Yukon Model
- Kelowna Accord was a 10 year plan, including $5 billion commitment to closing the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous standard of living in Canada (i.e health, education, housing, economic opportunities)
3) multi-faceted commitment to education
- two areas of education stood out at the forum
- the first was education of Indigenous history, the distinction between FNMI people and their differing challenges and cultural and history training for public servants (i.e teachers, police, health care workers)
- the second was the support for the education of Indigenous youth, and closing the gap between funds received by provincial and Indigenous schools
- also ensure that Indigenous students are provided with arts and sports opportunities, and are taught about and in their own language and culture

54
Q

what is the professors current work in the area of Indigenous health?

A
  • strength based
  • community-driven
  • decolonizing/anti-colonial approaches to research
55
Q

what is the most important determinant of health for indigenous people?

A

SELF-DETERMINATION
- is widely recognized and supported as one of the most crucial determinant of health

56
Q

what does self-determination mean for indigenous people?

A
  • self governance = entitled to choose their own forms of government, within existing states.
  • participate equally in decision-making (land, economy, education, social and health services)
  • have the authority to determine what counts as evidence regarding health data, measurements, and outcomes, ensuring that definitions of wellbeing reflect their values and beliefs
57
Q

what is the association between self-determination and health outcomes?

A

there is a significant link between self-determination at the community level and improved health outcomes

  • a sense of control over one’s life is directly related to mental health, particularly in reducing feelings of depression.
  • When individuals feel empowered to make decisions affecting their lives, their overall wellbeing improves
58
Q

what is First Nations principles of OCAP?

A

4 principles establish how First Nations’ data and information will be collected, protected, used or shared

1) Ownership
2) Control
3) Access
4) Posession

59
Q

what does Ownership mean?

A
  • refers to the relationship of First Nations to their cultural knowledge, data and information
  • principle states that a community or groups owns information collectively in the same way an individual owns his or her personal information
60
Q

what does Control mean?

A
  • First Nations and their communities have the right to control (have authority and decision-making) research and information that affects them
61
Q

what does Access mean?

A
  • refers to the fact that First Nations must have access to information and data about themselves and their communities regardless of where its held
62
Q

what does Possession mean?

A
  • refers to physical control of data
  • possession is the mechanism by which ownership can be asserted and protected
63
Q

examples of self-determined governments, organization, institutions and programs

A
  • First Nations Health Authority
  • First Nations University of Canada
  • First Nations Technical Institute
  • Centre for Indigegogy (Indigenous field of Study)
  • Institute of Indigenous Peoples Health
  • Indigenous Guardian Initiative
64
Q

what is the First Nations Health Authority?

A
  • The First Nations Health Authority (FNHA) in British Columbia is the first and only health authority of its kind in Canada
  • it was established through the Tripartite Framework Agreement signed in 2011 between the First Nations of BC, the province of British Columbia, and the federal government of Canada
  • this agreement marked a historic transfer of healthcare governance from the federal government to BC First Nations, allowing them to take control over the design and delivery of health services to their communities
  • the FNHA began a new era in BC First Nations health governance and health care delivery by taking responsibility for the programs and services formerly delivered by Health Canada.
65
Q

what is the First Nations University of Canada?

A
  • The First Nations University of Canada is a First Nations owned post-secondary institution that provides post-secondary education for Indigenous and non-Indigenous students
  • The university offers programs and services on three campuses: Regina, Saskatoon and Prince Albert (Northern Campus).
66
Q

What is the First Nations Technical Institute?

A
  • FNTI is an Indigenous-owned and governed First Nations post-secondary institute that is rooted in Indigegogy and Indigenous ways of knowing
  • FNTI is a not-for-profit, registered charitable organization
  • FNTI has over 4,000 graduates with certificate, diploma and degree credentials issued in partnership with recognized Ontario colleges and universities
  • it is located on Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory in Ontario
67
Q

What is the Centre of Indigegogy?

A
  • it is situated within the Master of Social Work (MSW) Indigenous Field of Study program at Wilfrid Laurier University
  • The Centre for Indigegogy works to provide wholistic practitioners, helpers and educators with ongoing learning opportunities that are immersed in indigenous knowledge and best practices.
68
Q

What is the Institute of Indigenous Peoples Health

A
  • The Institute of Indigenous Peoples’ Health (IIPH) is 1 of the 13 Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and focuses on Indigenous health
  • it promotes research that incorporates Indigenous knowledge, traditions, and cultures, emphasizing community-centered approaches.
  • IIPH collaborates with Indigenous communities to address health disparities, support health equity, and improve health outcomes
69
Q

What is the Indigenous Guardian Initiative

A
  • Indigenous Guardians help Indigenous Nations honour the responsibility to care for lands and waters
  • they serve as the “eyes and ears” on traditional territories
  • across Canada, approximately 30 teams of Indigenous Guardians are working to conserve and manage their lands
70
Q

what is an example of an initiative that combats racism and discrimmination?

A
  • San’yas Indigenous Cultural Safety Training
  • they focus on uprooting anti-Indigenous racism and promoting cultural safety for Indigenous people
  • these efforts provide a foundation that is necessary for reconciliation between Indigenous and Settler peoples across Canada
71
Q

what is an example of racism and discrimination in health related contexts?

A
  • Joyce Echaquan who died in a Joliette (quebec) hospital in 2020
  • Brian Sinclair who died in a Winnipeg ER waiting room
72
Q

what was the case of Brian Sinclair?

A
  • In 2008, Brian Sinclair, a 45-year-old indigenous man, died after waiting 34 hours in a Winnipeg emergency room while waiting to be seen
  • health-care workers assumed he was intoxicated, homeless, or seeking shelter, leading to neglect
  • an inquest confirmed his death was preventable, and a 2014 report made 63 recommendations to improve ER triage and registration processes in Winnipeg’s health-care system
  • his death was a direct result of racism and discrimination within healthcare, and highlights systemic biases that affected his treatment
73
Q

what was the case of Joyce Echaquan?

A
  • Joyce Echaquan, an Indigenous woman, died at a hospital in Joliette, Quebec, after recording a live video showing healthcare staff making racist and derogatory remarks as she pleaded for help
  • she had gone to the hospital due to stomach pains but was subjected to mistreatment instead of receiving proper care, as nurses suspected she was just in narcotic withdrawal
  • her death sparked outrage across Canada, highlighting systemic racism within the healthcare system and prompting calls for justice and accountability
  • the coroner’s report confirmed that racism and prejudice contributed to her death, and it led to widespread demands for reforms to improve healthcare for Indigenous peoples in Quebec and across the country
74
Q

who is Murray Sinclair?

A
  • speaker at the 2017 convocation of Thompson Rivers University
  • served as Co-chair of the Aboriginal Justice inquiry in Manitoba
  • served as chief commissioner of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC)
  • Senator Sinclair served in the Justice system for over 25 years and was the first aboriginal judge appointed in Manitoba
75
Q

what what the executive summary from “first people, second class treatment”

A
  • states that racism and colonization are intertwined and deeply impact the health of Indigenous people in Canada
76
Q

what is the Non-Insured Health Benefits Program?

A
  • a Canadian government initiative that provides eligible First Nations and Inuit individuals with coverage for a range of medically necessary services that are not covered by other health insurance plans
  • being elgible for NIHB doesn’t necessarily ensure access as some services require on-reserve redidency in order to recieve funding
  • doesn’t provide to Metis and non-status First Nations
77
Q

characteristics of racism within healthcare for Indigenous people

A
  • racist treatment by healthcare providers act as a barrier to accessing need health services
  • Indigenous people fear that being identified as Aboriginal may impact their lack or credibility or affect their quality of care/ chances of receiving help
  • Indigenous people often strategize how to manage negative responses from health care providers in advance of receiving care or refrain from receiving care altogether

HE304 - Indigenous Health & Wellbeing (3 decks)

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