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Hygiene Theory III > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Client goals should be:

A

Client-centered
Specific, clear, concise
Measureable & observable
Time-limited
Realistic

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2
Q

Goals should include:

A

Subject
Verb
Criterion

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3
Q

What are the 8 human need deficits?

A
  1. Protection from health risks
  2. Freedom from fear and stress
  3. Freedom from pain
  4. Wholesome facial image
  5. Skin and mucous membrane integrity of head and neck
  6. Bioloigcally sound and functional dentition
  7. Conceptualization and problem solving
  8. Responsibility for oral health
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4
Q

What is the “related to” portion of the dental hygiene diagnosis?

A

Etiology (cause)

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5
Q

What is the “evidenced by” portion of the dental hygiene diagnosis?

A

Supporting facts of diagnosis

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6
Q

True or False: goals need to be numbered

A

True

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7
Q

What records does a dental hygiene need to keep in regards to the Dental Hygiene Act 1991 - Records Regulation?

A

Clinical notes of treatment
Equipment service record
Equipment sterilization record
Financial record for each client
Health record

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8
Q

What does the client’s health record need to contain?

A

Name
Address
Date of birth
Date of each professional contact
Amount of time for each intervention
Name and address of primary care provider
Name and address of client’s primary care dentist
Name and address of any referring health professional
Appropriate medical and dental history
Every written report received by the member respecting examinations, tests, consultations or treatments performed by any other person
Copy of every written communication
Each examination, clinical finding and assessment relating to the client
Medication list
Any dental hygiene treatment plan
Each treatment or procedure performed
Any advice given by the member
Every controlled act including the source of authority to perform the controlled act
Every referral of the client by the hygienist
Every procedure that was commenced by not completed
A copy of every written consent
Every refusal of a treatment

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9
Q

What needs to be included in the ROC for cornoal polishing?

A

Name of the product
Grit
Flavour
Location
Time spent in minutes

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10
Q

What needs to be included in the ROC for Fluoride?

A

Chemical name
Percentage of fluoride
Flavour
Application technique
POI

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11
Q

What is needed in the ROC for desensitizing?

A

Reason for use
Location
Product name
Percentage
Time spent
POI
Client satisifcation where previously done

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12
Q

What is needed in ROC for pit and fissure sealants?

A

Location
Materials
Occlusion
Adjusted if needed
Instructor who checked

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13
Q

What is needed in ROC for alginate impressions?

A

Tray size
What was taken
How many were taken
Material used
Client reaction to procedure

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14
Q

What information is needed in ROC for topical anaesthetic?

A

Reason for use
Product used
Percentage of active ingrediant
Specific location applied
Flavour if applicable

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15
Q

What is needed in the ROC for local anaesthetic?

A

Reason for use
Percentage of active ingredient
Name of product
Ratio of epinephrine or none
Injection location
Number of carpules
Client reaction
The name of DDS providing injection

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16
Q

What does Adj mean?

A

Adjust (ed) (ment)

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17
Q

What does BW mean?

A

Bitewing x-rays

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18
Q

What does Ct mean?

A

Client

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19
Q

What does CR mean?

A

Composite resin

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20
Q

What does EO mean?

A

Extra-oral

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21
Q

What does Fl mean?

A

Fluoride

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22
Q

What does APF mean?

A

Acidulated phosphate fluoride

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23
Q

Wbat does NaF mean?

A

Sodium fluroide

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24
Q

What does FMS mean?

A

Full Mouth Series (x-rays)

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25
Q

What does IO mean?

A

Intra-oral

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26
Q

What does Imp mean?

A

Impressions

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27
Q

What does Md mean?

A

Mandibular

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28
Q

What does Max mean?

A

Maxillary

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29
Q

What does PR mean?

A

Plaque record

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30
Q

What does MH mean?

A

Medical history

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31
Q

What does NC mean?

A

No change

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32
Q

What does OHI mean?

A

Oral hygiene instruction

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33
Q

What does PFS mean?

A

Pit and fissure sealant

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34
Q

What does PA mean?

A

Periapical (x-ray)

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35
Q

What does POI mean?

A

Post operative instruction

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36
Q

What does Sc mean?

A

Scale(d)

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37
Q

What does Var mean?

A

Cavity varnish

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38
Q

Wht does Min mean?

A

Minutes

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39
Q

What does Sup by mean?

A

Supervised by

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40
Q

What does ICO mean?

A

Informed consent obtained

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41
Q

What is the dental hygiene evaluation for?

A

To determine whether the client’s goals have been attained

To determine if the care outcomes have been attained

To verify that the client has received the planned services

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42
Q

True or False: evaluation includes measuring the client’s level of satisifaction

A

True

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43
Q

True or False: evaluation does not allow the dental hygeinist to modify the dental hygiene intervention plan

A

False. The evaluation allows the dental hygienist to modify dental hygiene intervention plans and programs based on outcome measures, changing needs, and new information

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44
Q

To determine the future needs, and further care for the client interval for on-going preventative care or any consultation or referal to another health professional the hygeinist must complete

A

Evaluation

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45
Q

When must the dental hygienist communicate and collaborate with the client about goals, outcomes, and/or interventions performed or to be performed?

A

At every appointment

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46
Q

The evaluation framework is a plan within a plan or program that measures:

A

The outcomes using a set of key indicators that have been established based on the initial assessment and the client’s identified needs.

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47
Q

What is the failure to evaluate an indication of?

A

The unwillingness to assume responsiblity for quality of care provided.

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48
Q

What are the three levels of goal attainment?

A
  1. Goal met
  2. Goal partially met
  3. Goal not met
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49
Q

What are the types of evaluation used in dental hygiene?

A

Process evaluation
Outcomes evaluation
Structural evaluation

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50
Q

Can goals be met at various appointments?

A

Yes

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51
Q

If the goals are met at various appointments what needs to be recorded when the goal is met?

A

The date and how it was met

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52
Q

What are the three components requires when writing/recording an evaluation?

A

Decision of the dental hygienist
Supporting evidence
The date on which the evaluation took place

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53
Q

What future needs/care are determined by the evaluation results?

A

Future needs priorities
The necessity of further care
Consultation/referral to another health care provider
The client re-care interval

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54
Q

What is the client satisfaction survey?

A

A Durham College Dental Clinic Feedback survey that is provided to the client in a link at the end of care.

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55
Q

What does the client satisfaction feedback help the hygiene student understand?

A

That you met your client’s chief concerns
If the service you provided met teir expectation related to their comfort level
The success of your communications

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56
Q

What happens to clients who are not maintained in a supervised recall program?

A

They show obvious signs of recurrent periodontitis

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57
Q

Should motivational techniques and reinforcement of the importance of the maintenance phase of treatment be considered before performing periodontal treatment?

A

Yes

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58
Q

What are the considerations when establishing recare intervals?

A

Caries
Unresolved inflammation
Periodontal condition
Medically compromised
Family history
Ortho concerns

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59
Q

What will happen if you don’t indicate the continous care interval in the Dentrix Family File?

A

You will lose marks on your chart audit

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60
Q

What factors indicate a 4-6 week re-eval is needed?

A

Systemic factors
Risk factors
Agressive forms of the disease
Pockets of 6mm or greater
Advanced bone loss or attachment loss - furcations, mobilities
Adherence on the part of the client requires the discussion of the need for the re-evaluation visit as an essential part of the NSPT care plan at the time of case presentation and informed consent

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61
Q

In semesters 4, 5 and 6, what DD levels may be asked to return for 4-6 week re-eval?

A

DD3
DD4

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62
Q

What does a 4-6 re-eval include?

A

MH update
EO/IO update
Discussion with client regarding how they are doing with previously taught education and determine/document if changes are required
Soft and hard deposit assessment Assessment of the soft issues
Full mouth probing
CAL
Bleeding Index
Plaque Record
Full debridement/deplaquing
All findings are to be compared to previous findings and recorded in ROC

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63
Q

What happens if during the re-eval there are extensive deposits that have reaccumulated?

A

The client must be reappointed for a continuous care appointment

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64
Q

Are additional credits awarded for re-evaluations?

A

No

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65
Q

What may be prescribed at the reevaluation?

A

Chlorhexidine rinse

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66
Q

Who determines if Chlorhexidine rinse needs to be prescribed?

A

The student in conjunction with the RDH instructors and the DDS who will prescribe and dispense the chlorhexidine

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67
Q

What needs to be recorded in the ROC for the re-eval?

A

Addressing improvement in gingival health - yes or no?
Comparison of pocket depths - reduction? Indicate areas
Assess clinical attachment level - indicate areas
Any removal of calculus - where? time spent?
Client treatment goals - were any evaluated?
Review OHI and client compliance

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68
Q

When can the appropriate recare interval be determined for a client that requires a re-eval?

A

Upon completion of the re-eval

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69
Q

What are the reasons for referral?

A

Caries
Perio
Night guard
Ortho
Oral surgeon
Periodontist

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70
Q

What forms need to be completed for a referral?

A

A paper copy to give to the client signed by RDH or DDS

An electronic copy in Dentrix signed by RDH or DDS

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71
Q

What needs to be documented in the ROC for a referral?

A

Client has been informed of the nature of the referral

The benefits of following up as well as risks ad possible side effects of not following up with referral have been explained and documented

Indicate hard copy given to client and electronic copy completed

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72
Q

What is the rationale for a chart audit process?

A

Quality control
Understanding areas of record keeping that may have not been met
Legal guidelines

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73
Q

Why is quality control a rationale for the chart audit process?

A

Shows Standards are being met

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74
Q

Why are legal guidelines a rationale for the chart audit process?

A

Allows the office to ensure all are their part

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75
Q

What do you do if you find an ROC is missing information during your audit?

A

Add an addendum

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76
Q

Who needs to correct the information if an instructor indicates changes need to be made from the audit?

A

The student

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77
Q

Where does the student put their name to show they were the provider in the client’s Family File in Dentrix?

A

In the driver’s lisence spot

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78
Q

What needs to be put under Prov 2 on the client’s file?

A

DH3A (DH + semester + group)

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79
Q

What happens when a client in the middle of care fails to attend a scheduled appointment with or without notice?

A

Determine the reason and provide another opportunity.

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80
Q

What needs to be recorded in the client’s ROC if a client fails to attend an appointment with or without notice?

A

Record information regarding why the client missed the appointment and document the conversation you had with the client.

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81
Q

What happens when a client missed more than one appointment and the reasons are not substaintial?

A

You may defer their treatment to a time when it is convenient for you, or you may need to advie them you no longer have appointments available for them, if the case warrents this decision.

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82
Q

When a client misses more than one appointment, and the reasons are not substantial, and you are unsure how to proceed, what do you do?

A

Discuss options with your advisor, and/or the recepionist. Every phone conversation must be recorded in the clinical notes.

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83
Q

What needs to be done to the client file is they indicate they are not returning?

A

The client needs to be inactivated

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84
Q

What needs to be added to the Post Care Evaluation form if a client does not complete care?

A

Identify any goals complete or incomplete and future needs, and signed off by an instructor.

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85
Q

What happens if care is incomplete and you are on break the following semseter?

A

Care needs to be transferred to another student (speak to receptionist/advisor)

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86
Q

What is the expectation of the RDH/DH Student with respect to the Client who smokes tobacco?

A

Education about health risks, connection between tobacco use and oral cancer, periodontal disease
Motivate clients to quit
Provide cessation options
Refer

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87
Q

What is tobacco cessation?

A

Quitting or stopping the use of tobacco

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88
Q

True or False: Most tobacco users require mutliple attempts at stopping their tobacco use before they are ultimately sucessful.

A

True

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89
Q

How many smokers will return to smoking within a year?

A

85%

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90
Q

People who relapse after 6 weeks of not smoking usally don’t do it because of nicotine withdrawl. Why do they do it?

A

They find themselves in situations that make them want a cigarette.

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91
Q

A UofT study found people quitting smoking requires up to ____ attempts.

A

30

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92
Q

What happens to the brain from chronic exposure to nicotine?

A

With chonric exposure to nicotine, brain cells adapt to compensate for the actions of nicotine.

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93
Q

What is the process of brain cells adpating to compensate for the actions of nicotine with chonric exposure to nicotine called?

A

Neuroadaptation

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94
Q

True or False: Over time, less nicotine is required to achieve the rewarding effects.

A

False. Over time, more niotine is required to achieve the rewarding effects.

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95
Q

What are the physical aspects of nicotine addiction?

A

Dopamine = pleasure
Serotonin = Mood modulation
Beta-endorphin = Anxiety reduction
Acetylcholine = Cognitive enhancement (stimulant)
Vasopressin = Short-term memory enhancement
Norepinephrine = appetite suppression

96
Q

How does the scientific cycle of nicotine addiction work?

A

Nicotine binding = increased dopamine
Dopamine = pleasure
Dopamine decrease between cigarattes = withdrawl/stress
Cravings for nicotine/dopamine
Competetive binding nicotine = desensitization
Nicotine levels decrease, receptors revert which leads to cravings

97
Q

How does the nicotine addiction cycle work in short?

A

Nicotine = increase dopamine
Dopamine = pleasure
Dopamine goes down in between hits
Cravings of nictotine to restore dopamine/pleasure
Starts over

98
Q

What are the psychologic aspects of nicotine addiction?

A

Stress
Depression
Boredom

99
Q

What are the behavioural aspects of nicotine addiction?

A

Gratification from tobacco use in certain situations
Environment clues trigger need for cigarette
Learned anticipatory response

100
Q

How long can the learned anticipatory response to nicotine addiction last?

A

6 months after the physical dependence to nicotine is overcome

101
Q

What are the sensory aspects of nicotine addiction?

A

Oral gratification
Appetite supressant

102
Q

True or False: People trying to quit will often swap out smoking for food

A

True

103
Q

How much weight will the average person gain when quitting nicotine?

A

10 pounds

104
Q

What are the sociocultural aspects of nicotine addiction?

A

Peer pressure
Social networks
Families/cultural

105
Q

What should the dental hygienist mention when approaching the topic of tobacco cessation focus?

A

Tissue damage through cytotoxic substances
Decreased salivation
Increased calculus
Vasoconstriction
Periodontal disease

106
Q

Nicotine causes what percentage decrease of blood circulation in the mouth?

A

70%

107
Q

DId dentists ever recommend tobacco?

A

Yes, many many years ago before harmful effects were well known

108
Q

True or False: Tobacco is the number one cause of preventable death in Canada

A

True

109
Q

Can the DH see early tissue changes?

A

Yes

110
Q

Smoking increases the chance of developing oral cancer by

A

400%

111
Q

What illnesses are caused by tobacco use?

A

Oral cancer - lips, buccal, gingiva, tongue
Laryngeal/pharyngeal cancer - esophagus, voice box
Oral disease - gingivitis, periodontitis

112
Q

What are the oral effects of tobacco?

A

Halitosis
Stained teeth
Recession
Chewing tobaccos increase sugar and caries
Mouth sores
Poor healing
Low salivation
Leukoplakia/erythroplakia (tissue changes)
Hairy tongue
Candidasis
Decreased sense of smell
Sensitivity to hot/cold

113
Q

How much more likely are smokers to have periodontal disease?

A

400%

114
Q

What is nicotine stomatitis?

A

A reaction seen on the roof of the mouth caused by extreme heat in the mouth, most commonly from smoking

115
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

A white lesion

116
Q

What is erthroplakia?

A

A red lesion

117
Q

What is erythroleukoplakia?

A

A red and white lesion

118
Q

Where to commonly find pre-malignant oral lesions?

A

Lateral borders of tongue

119
Q

What are the five A’s for?

A

An evidenced-based strategy we can implement to help a client become tobacco free.

120
Q

What are the five A’s?

A

Ask
Advise
Assess
Assist
Arrange

121
Q

What is the Ask part of the five A’s approach?

A

Ask clients about tobacco use

122
Q

What is the Advise part of the 5 A’s approach?

A

Advise clients to quit

123
Q

What is the Assess portion of the 5 A’s approach?

A

Assess client’s readiness to quit through questioning

124
Q

What is the Assist portion of the 5 A’s approach?

A

Assist client with the quitting process based on the client’s readiness to quit

125
Q

What is the Arrange portion of the 5 A’s process?

A

Arrange follow up.
Set an appointment visit or phone call to the client.
Provide a referral to a tobacco use cessation program

126
Q

What needs to be completed if the client idicates they would like to quit tobacco?

A

Tobacco cessation questionnaire

127
Q

What is included in the tobacco cessation questionnaire?

A

Number smoked per day
Time of the first cigarette of the day
History of smoking
Quitting attempts
Confidence and motivation to quit

128
Q

How can we effectively assist our clients with quitting?

A

Encourage serious effort
Emphasize complete abstinence
Provide self help materials
Quitline - www.smokershelponline.ca

129
Q

What to do if a client is not ready to quit when you reach the assist part of the 5 A’s?

A

Provide some information about the benefits of quitting and link their tobacco use to oral findings

130
Q

What is motivational interviewing?

A

Person-centered, goal directed method of communicating for eliciting and strengtheing intrinsic motivation for positive change

131
Q

What are the four general principles of motivational interviewing?

A
  1. Express empathy
  2. Develop discrepancies between current behaviour and important goals/values

3.Roll with resistance and avoid arguing

  1. Support self-efficacy and optimism
132
Q

What is the first thing you should do during a motivational interview?

A

Ask permission to share information. It sets the collaborative spirit and you are not infriging on their personal freedom.

133
Q

What kinds of questions should you ask during a motivational interview?

A

Open ended questions to gain information about values, attitudes, and beliefs held by the client

134
Q

What is change talk in a motivational interview?

A

It is a strategy that elicits reasons for changing from clients by having them give voice to the need or reason for changing.

135
Q

What is the Stages of Change model?

A

Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
*Relapse

136
Q

What should the DH do during the precontemplation stage?

A

Remind the client that services are available to them when they are ready.

137
Q

What should the DH do during the contemplation stage?

A

Offer them self help material, assist with planning or referrals to other health professionals who can assist them with quiting/planning.

138
Q

What should the DH do during the preparation stage?

A

Same as contemplation - Offer them self help material, assist with planning or referrals to other health professionals who can assist them with quiting/planning.

139
Q

What should the DH do during the action phase?

A

Encourge and provide them with information about relapse

140
Q

What should the DH do during the maintenance phase?

A

Same as action - Provide them with encouragement and informaton about relapse

141
Q

What are the key elements of intensive tobacco cessation treatment programs?

A

Assessing: motivation, reasoning, previous attempts, nicotine dependence
Setting a quit date
Establishing a plan for quitting
Offering coping skills training
Encouraging the enlistment of support from others
Recommending pharmacologic agents
Preventing relapse
Following up

142
Q

What are action responses in coping skills training?

A

Avoid
Distract
Alternatives
Relaxation
Use of oral substitutes
On the quite date

143
Q

What are thinking responses of coping skills training?

A

Positive thinking
Delay - decide later
Rewards - pride

144
Q

True or False: clients are encouraged to tell family, friends, and co-workers when trying to quit.

A

True

145
Q

How long does nicotine withdrawl last?

A

2-4 weeks

146
Q

How long does the tobacco temptation last?

A

Years

147
Q

What is a good tip for relapse prevention?

A

Clients should identify 3 tough situations in which they will be tempted to smoke and plan ways to remain tobacco free.

148
Q

What are the two basic methods or quitting tobacco use?

A

Cold turkey
Gradual nicotine reduction

149
Q

What are nicotine replacement therapy options?

A

Patch
Gum
Lozenges
Oral inhaler
Combination

150
Q

What does nonmaleficence mean?

A

Do no harm

151
Q

What is the goal when it comes to caries detection?

A

By enhancing caries detection skills demineralization and caries can b detected at the earliest possible stage.

152
Q

What is important to remember when using technologies to detect caries?

A

Evidenced research must support the claims they are making

The clinican must understand the underlying principles

Be aware of drawbacks

153
Q

What is fibre optic transillumination?

A

A caries detection method

154
Q

What is laser fluorescence (ex. DIAGNOdent)?

A

A caries detection method that measures laser fluorescence within the tooth structure.

155
Q

What will laser flourescence show on a healthy tooth?

A

No fluorescence will pass through

156
Q

How will demineralized tooth stucture appear from laser fluorescence?

A

Demineralized tooth structure will allow fluoresence to pass through

157
Q

How does a laser florescence unit like DIAGNOdent work?

A

The unit measures the fluorescence and sends it to a small countertop unit that emits an audio signal, registers a digital read-out and identifies cavities developing below the surface.

158
Q

What is a drawback to DIAGNOdent?

A

Increased incidence of false positives

159
Q

How does an electrical caries monitor (ex. CarieScan) work?

A

Low voltage current detects change in mineral density of occlusal surface

160
Q

What are the drawbacks of electrical caries monitor like CarieScan?

A

Results showed low ability to disclose occlusal caries in non-cavitated lesions

Time consuming

161
Q

How does laser based (eg. Canary System) caries detection system work?

A

It analyzes and measures the crystallin structures of a tooth within a depth of 5mm on all tooth surfaces.

162
Q

What class of laser is Itero?

A

Class I

163
Q

What type of technology is Itero?

A

Near-infrared imaging (NIRI) technology

163
Q

What is PSR?

A

Method of screening clients for periodontal disease

164
Q

What is the measurement from the ball tip of the PSR probe?

A

0.5mm

165
Q

Where is a PSR probe colour coded?

A

3.5mm to 5.5mm

166
Q

What does PSR stand for?

A

Periodontal Screening and Recording

167
Q

What is the goal of PSR?

A

To screen clients to decide if a more comprehensive assessment is necessary

168
Q

Is PSR a replacement for full-mouth-periodontal evaluation?

A

No

169
Q

What are the 6 sextants?

A

1: 18-14
2: 13-23
3: 24-28
4: 38-34
5: 33-43
6: 44-48

170
Q

How to use a PSR probe?

A

Walk the probe around each tooth
Record the highest score for each sextant

171
Q

How many numbers are assigned per quadrant?

A

One

172
Q

What is the measurement of a PSR probe recording called?

A

A Code Number

173
Q

What is a PSR Code 0?

A

Coloured area of probe remains visible
No calculus, bleeding or defective margins
Gingival tissues are healthy

174
Q

What is a PSR Code 1?

A

Coloured area of probe is visible
No calculus or defective margins
There is BOP

175
Q

What is a PSR Code 2?

A

Coloured area of probe is visible
Supra or subgingival calculus
and/or
Defective margins

176
Q

Whare is a PSR Code 3?

A

Coloured area of probe remains partly visible

177
Q

What is a PSR Code 4?

A

Coloured area of probe disappears completely

178
Q

What does the * symbol mean next to a PSR Code?

A

Abnormal findings such as:
Furcation involvement
Mobility
Mucogingival problems
Recession extending to the coloured area of probe

179
Q

What are the treatment recommendations for PSR Code 0?

A

Appropriate preventative care

180
Q

What are the treatment recommendations for PSR Code 1?

A

OHI
Hygiene therapy including subgingival plaque removal

181
Q

What are the treatment recommendations for PSR Code 2?

A

OHI
Treatment including subgingival plaque removal, calculus removal, corrections of overhangs and defective restoration margins

182
Q

What is the recommended treatment for PSR Code 3?

A

Comprehensive periodontal assessment

183
Q

What is the recommended treatment for PSR Code 3?

A

Comprehensive periodontal assessment

184
Q

What are the benefits of PSR?

A

Early detection
Fast method to screen client at each appointment
Simple to complete and communicate results to the clients-pictures
Documentation is easy, only six scores recorded
Risk management - legal and ethically should be probing each client

185
Q

What are the limitations of PSR?

A

Screening system only
Not complete baseline data collection

186
Q

What is Premier’s “PerioWise” Screening Report?

A

Another periodontal screening program

187
Q

What are the options of the PerioWise screening report?

A

Health
Gingivitis
Periodontitis

188
Q

How is the mouth divided and recorded in the PerioWise screening report?

A

By sextant

189
Q

What should be done with the PerioWise screening report?

A

It should be reviewed with the client and then given to them

190
Q

What is one of the best tools to get clients engaged emotionally with their oral health?

A

The intraoral camera

191
Q

What are the benefits of an intraoral camera?

A

Insurance Billing
Store pictures in client charts
Referrals

192
Q

What is one of the most important uses of the intraoral camera by dental hygienists?

A

Educating clients about periodontal disease

193
Q

What is the criteria ( other than intaoral) to consider when advocating for the prescription of radiography?

A

Date of last dental care and radiographs
Type of last radiographs
OH
Chief Complaint/Concern
Nutrition survery

194
Q

What intraoral criteria should be considered when advocating for the prescription of radiographs?

A

Decalcification
Probing depths
History of decay/restorations
Xerostomia
Impacted or partially erupted teeth

195
Q

What is radiographic intepretation?

A

An explanation of what is viewed on a radiograph

196
Q

What is radiographic diagnosis?

A

The identification of disease by examination or analysis

197
Q

Why is client education about the value of radiographs in dentistry critical?

A

Clients must be able to make evidence informed decisions to provide information consent or understand the ramifications, risks, and potential outcomes if radiographs are denied.

198
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Cortical bone

199
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Cancelleous bone

200
Q

Label 1

A

Incisive foramen

201
Q

Label 2

A

Median palatal suture

202
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Incisive foramen

203
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Median palatine suture

204
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Nasal septum

205
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Anterior nasal spine

206
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Inverted Y

207
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Zygoma

208
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Zygomatic process

209
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Max Sinus

210
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Septa within the max sinus

211
Q

What is in the circle?

A

Genial tubercles

212
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Mental foramen

213
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Border of the mandibular canal

214
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Hamulus

215
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Myloguoid ridge or interal oblique ridge

216
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

External oblique ridge

217
Q

Label A

A

Enamel

218
Q

Label B

A

Dentin

219
Q

Label C

A

DEJ

220
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Broken scaler tip

221
Q

Explain uniocular

A

One compartment

222
Q

Explain Multiocular

A

Multiple compartments

223
Q

Explain coricated

A

White defined border line

224
Q

Explain non-corticated

A

No border

225
Q

Explain moth eaten

A

A pattern that appears like moth-eaten clothing

226
Q

Explain multifocal

A

Multiple radiolucent spots

227
Q

Explain widened PDL

A

Widened black border of the tooth

228
Q

Explain focal opacity

A

Well defined radiopaque lesion

229
Q

Explain target lesion

A

Localized radiopaque lesion with surrounding black border

230
Q

Explain multifocal confluent radiopacities

A

Multiple radiopactiies that overlap/flow together

231
Q

Irregular radiopaque lesion

A

Poorly defined white pattern
(Very rare)

232
Q

Explain ground glass radiopacity

A

Pebble like or orangepeel like look of black lesion with white spots

233
Q

Explain mixed lucent opaque lesion

A

Has both radiopaque and lucent compartments. A radiolucent area with opaque flakes.

234
Q

What could an irregular radiopaque lesion represent?

A

A malignant condition

235
Q

What descriptions need to be documented of a lesion found on a radiograph?

A

Appearance
Location
Size

Hygiene Theory III (3 decks)

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