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Hygiene Theory III > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

(121 cards)

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1
Q

What is the intended purpose of the office emergency manual?

A

For dental office staff preparedness training, as well as for during times of crisis

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2
Q

What does the office emergency manual contain?

A

Protocols, procedures, and training for management of potential emergencies, responsibilities and roles of staff

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3
Q

The office emergency manual addresses specific dental office medial emergency situations which are defined by

A

Symptom analysis

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4
Q

What is the most common dental emergency?

A

Syncope

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5
Q

Other then syncope, what are the common dental emergencies?

A

Allergic reations
Angina
Myocardial infarction
Cardiac arrest
Hypotenseion
Seziures
Bronchospasm
Diabetic episodes

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6
Q

What is the dental hygienist’s responsibilities in an emergency in accordance with the Regulated Health Professions, Act 1991?

A

They are to be able to ensure the provision of aid in medical emergency situations. They can administer drugs orally, by injection, or inhalation even though it is not within their scope of practice.

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7
Q

What first aid and CPR training does a dental hygienist need?

A

Current CPR level C and basic first aid.

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8
Q

The components of a sound medical emergency plan for the dental office should include:

A

Medical emergency prevention
Development of an action plan
Recognizing a client’s distress and management of medical emergencies
Emergency drugs and equipment

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9
Q

What is a low blood sugar level reading?

A

Less than 70mg/dl (3.9 mmol/L)

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10
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A

Confusion
Dizziness
Nausea
Feeling hungry/shaky
Nervousness
Irritable or anxious
Sweating
Chills
Pale, clammy skin
Rapid heartbeat
Weakness/tiredness
Tingling in the mouth area
Headaches
Seizures
Coma or loss of conciousness
Weight loss

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11
Q

What does the dental hygienist do during a hypoglycemic episode?

A

Prove client with one of the following:
A glucose tablet
A sweet juice
A candy
Sugar
Sweet syrup on gums if unable to eat

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12
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of hypergylcemia?

A

Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Headaches
Blurry vision
Fatigue

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13
Q

What is hyperosmolar syndrome?

A

Blood glucose high for too long causing dehydration and confusion.

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14
Q

What is ketoacidosis?

A

High blood sugar complication of body breaking down fat too fast, keytones produced from the liver causes blood to become acidic.

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15
Q

What does the dental hygienist do during a hyperglycemic episode?

A

Provide client with fluids, electrolytes. Client should take their insulin. If symptoms worsen, they have difficulty breathing, a very dry mouth or fruit smell on their breath they need to see a doctor ASAP.

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16
Q

When seeing a diabetic client, was does the hygienist need to ask and record?

A

The client’s blood glucose level that day and record it in the ROC

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17
Q

When is dental hygiene care contraindicated requiring medical clearance to proceed with a diabetic client?

A

When blood glucose levels are less than 3.9mmol/L or greater than 11.1 mmol/L

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18
Q

What does the dental hygienist do during client’s grand mal seizure?

A

Terminate clinical procedure
Position the client supine with legs elevated, turn client to the side, loosen tight clothing
Time the seizure
Summon medical assistance (call 911 if the seizure lasts longer than 3 minutes or if client becomes cyanotic)
Assess and perform as necessary basic life support
After seizure reassure client and allow them to recover.
Assess oral cavity for injury
Discharge client to the hospital, physician, or home with a responsible adult

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19
Q

Angina signs and symptoms

A

Sharp, bruning, or cramping pain that starts in the cental chest and then radiates to the left arm, neck, back, throat or jaw
Pressure, tightness, squeezing and or achng feeling in the chest or arms
Retrosternal burning sensation similar to persistant sever gastroesophageal reflux
Ache that starts in the neck, jaw, throat, shoulder, back, or arms
Discomfort in the neck or upper back
Numbness in the arms, shoulder, or wrists

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20
Q

What is the most common allergy related emergency in dental offices?

A

Latex

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21
Q

Signs of a mild allergy

A

Itching
Hives
Rash

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22
Q

Signs and symptoms and a severe allergy

A

Respiratory or cardiovascular compromise
Loss of conciousness

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23
Q

The final decision to proceed or not with dental hygiene treatment is the responsibility of who according to the CDHO?

A

The registrant

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24
Q

Ideally medical clearance is to be done in writing either by fax or email. If done over the phone, what must the hygienist record?

A

The substance, time, and date of the conversation.

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25
Where would you find information about if care is contraindicated?
CDHO knowledge network CDHO Contraindications Regulation Dental Hygiene Act, 1991 Best Practice Guidlines, CDHO
26
Under the Dental Hygiene Act, 1991 and CDHO best practice guidelines, when should dental hygiene care not be provided?
1. Any cardiac condition for which an antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended in the guidelines set by the Amercian Heart Association 2. Any condition for which antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended or required 3. An unstable medical or oral health condition when the condition may affect the appropriateness or safety of scaling and root planing 4. Active chemotherapy or radiation therapy 5. Significant immunosuppreision caused by disease, medications, or treatment modalities 6. Any blood disorders 7, Active TB 8. Drug or alcohol dependency of a type or extent that it may affect the appropriateness or safety of scaling and root planing 9. High risk infective endocarditis 10. A medical condition or oral health condition with which the member is unfamiliar or that could affect the appropriateness, efficiacy or safety of the procedure 11. A drug combination of drugs with which the member is unfamiliar or which could affect the appropriateness, efficiacy, or safety of the procedure
27
What can be done while awaiting medical clearance?
Non-invasive care (paperwork). NO probe or explorer, do not disturb plaque
28
Where are you going to look up medications to determine their side effects?
DC Library - CPS link under dental resources
29
What are the 8 fundamental assessment questions regarding medications?
1. Why are they taking it? 2. Are reported symptoms from the drug side effects or from the medical condition? 3. What are the adverse effects of the drug? 4. Are there potential drug interactions? 5. Do these findings suggest a problem with drug dosage? 6. How is this client managing medications? 7. Will any oral side effects of this medication require intervention? 8. What are the risks of treating the client?
30
What are some common oral side effects of medications?
Xerostomia Caries Change in taste Difficulty with mastication Difficulty wearing applicances Oral ulcerations Atrophic mucosa Hairy tongue Infection Mucositis or stomatitis Burning mouth or tongue Difficulty with speech Difficulty with swallowing Increased periodontal disease progression Opportunistic infections Bleeding Gingival enlargement
31
What act broadly describes the scope of practice of what each regulated profession does and sets out the framework for the regulation of the entire health sector, Minister of HLTC?
Regulated Health Professions Act, 1991
32
What act deals specifically with the issues pertaining to the regulation of dental hygienists?
Dental Hygiene Act, 1991
33
True or False: Regulations can be made under both the Regulated Health Professions Act and the Dental Hygiene Act
True
34
What regulations made under the Dental Hygiene Act are specific to the profession of dental hygiene?
Registration Examination Profesional misconduct Quality Assurance Containdications Advertising Notice of meetings/hearings Records
35
What regulates the practice of dental hygiene in the interest of the overall health and safety of the public of Ontario?
CDHO
36
What are health care actions that are considered potentially harmful if performed by untrained persons called?
Controlled acts
37
Can a dental hygienist communicate a formal diagnosis to a client?
No
38
What controlled acts can a hygienist do?
#2. Performing a procedure on tissue below the dermis, below the surface of a mucous membrane, in or below the surface of the cornea, or in or below the surface of the teeth, including the scaling of teeth. #8. Prescribing, dispensing, selling, or compounding a drug as defined in the Drug and Pharmacies Regulation Act, or supervising the part of a pharmacy where such drugs are kept. #11. Fitting or dispensing a dental prothesis, orthodontic, or periodontal appliance or a device used inside the mouth to protect teeth from abnormal funtioning.
39
What are the exceptions to the Regulated Health Professions Act in performing controlled acts?
1. Rendering first aid or temporary assistance in an emergency 2. Fulling requirements while in school 3. Treating a person by prayer or spiritual means in accordance with the tenets of the religion 4. Treating a member of the person's household and the act is a controlled act set out in paragraph 1, 5, 6, of subsection 27 (2) 5. Assisting a person with his or her routine activities of living and the act is a controlled act set out in paragraph 5 or 6 of subsection 27 (2)
40
What is the scope of practice statement Dental Hygiene Act 1991?
The practice of dental hygiene is the assessment of teeth and adjacent tissues and treatment by preventative and therapeutic means and the provision of restorative and orthodontic procedures and services.
41
What is the purpose of the scope of practice statement?
To educate dental hygienists and the public about the focus of the dental hygiene profession.
42
The most signifcant legal implication of the scope of practice statement is the impact on the:
Harm clause
43
What is the harm clause?
Stating that no one shall work outside their scope of practice or shall treat or advise a person with respect to their health if it may reasonably be forseen that serious bodily harm may be the result of the advice.
44
Can an RDH self-initiate immediately upon graduation?
Yes
45
When is an "order" required for a dental hygienist?
Always reuired for orthodontic and restorative procedures
46
Can a dental hygienist treat a client without a dentist in the office?
Yes
47
What guidelines do x-rays fall under?
HARP
48
When is medical clearance required?
1.When the client has a condition from the Prescribed Contraindications List - CDHO 2. If it is about a joint replacement, this should only be obtained from the ortho surgeron
49
What is INR?
International Normalized Ratio - blood clotting level
50
What does a higher INR mean
Takes more time to clot, risk of bleeding and bleeding related events increases
51
On an anti-coagulent, what shoudl the INR range be?
Between 2-3
52
What is a process by which two or more people work together to realize or achieve something successfully?
Collaboration
53
What is a meeting in which someone (like an MD) talks to a person about a client's problem?1
Consultation
54
What is the process to ensure adequate informed consent is obtained and couments in the DC Dental Hygiene Clinic?
Obtain informed consent Explain risks Eplain benefits Explain side effects Explain consequences Address specific questions or concerns
55
Is a signed consent the same as obtained an informed consent?
No
56
What do you record in your ROC when treatment is declined?
Risks of completing treatment are explained Possible alternatives are suggested
57
What is the gingival colour for children compared to adults?
More reddish
58
What is the ginigval contour for children?
Rounded free marginal gingiva
59
What is the gingival consistancy for children?
Flabby due to less connective tissue density and lack of organized fiber bundles
60
What is the surface texture of gingiva in children?
Stippling absent in infnacy; may be seen by age 6
61
Interdental gingiva in children is
Saddle-shaped
62
Children's attach gingiva increases with
Age
63
Where should the bony crests be on a BW of a child?
Within 2mm of the CEJ
64
True or False: During radiographic assessment the periodontal ligament in children is wider and has less dense fibers compared to adults.
True
65
True or False: in radiographic assessment the alveolar bone in the primary dentition has less trabeculae and clcification with larger marrow spaces.
True
66
True or False: in radiographic assessment, the lamina dura is not prominent in the primary dentition with a narrower periodontal ligament space than in the permanent dentition.
False. The lamina dura IS prominent in the primary dentition with a WIDER periodontal ligament space than in the permanent dentition.
67
True or False: in radiographic assessment, the interdental septa of children are generally broader and flatter than the interdental septa seen in healthy adults, with bony crests within 1-2 mm of the CEJ.
True
68
A thorough examination of a child patient inculdes the assessment of:
General health Chief complaint E/O I/O OH Periodontal health Developing occlusion Caries Risk Behaviour
69
How does oral responsiblity shift as a child grows?
Starts with parents, then jointly child and parent, and finally just child
70
Is family history relevant to the patient's oral condition?
Yes
71
Why would family history be important to the patient's oral condition?
May provide important diagnostic information in some hereditary disorders
72
When is plaque record performed?
Every appointment
73
When does a client start getting periodontal probing?
Age 16
74
Are mobilites and open contacts recorded for children?
No
75
When is terminal plane recorded?
Until the eruption of the 1st permanent molars
76
In a child, "primate spaces", the primary mandibular canine should align with
The space between the primary maxillary lateral and canine
77
According to Leeway Space, the combined mesio-distal width of the permanent canines and the premolars is usually
Less than that of the primary canines and molars
78
What kid of terminal plane is this?
Straight/flush
79
What occlusion does a straight/flush terminal plane usually end up?
Usally a Class I
80
What kind of terminal plane is this?
Mesial step
81
What kind of occlusion does a mesial step usually lead to?
Class III
82
What kind of occlusion does a mesial step sometimes lead to?
Class I
83
Can other factors affect a straight/flush terminal plane to create a class II or III occlusion?
Yes
84
What type of terminal plane is this?
Distal step
85
What type of an occlusion does a distal step terminal plane lead to?
Class II
86
What should be considered when creating goals for children?
Consider age and ability of client, goals should include parent/guardian
87
Do you need to consult with a parent/guardian before planning or proceeding with x-rays, fluroide, polish, and PFS?
Yes
88
True or False: Prevalence of gingivitis in children is low.
False: prevalence of gingivitis is high.
89
How many children exhibit attachment loss and alveolar bone loss?
A small percent
90
Failure to identify periodontal conditions early on can lead to
Unnecessary tooth loss
91
Gingivitis is nearly __________ in children and adolescents.
Universal
92
In children, does the amount of plaque biofirm correlate with the level of inflammation?
Not necessarily
93
Loss of periodontal attachment/bone is uncommon from the ages
5-11
94
What percentage of children/adolescents present with severe attachment loss on multiple teeth?
0.2% - 0.5%
95
What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
Severe reaction to the initial viral infection (HSV-1)
96
Sometimes initial infection of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis presents with painful gingival inflammation and multiple vesicles that rupture into
Painful ulcers
97
What is a cold sore?
Reactivation of the HSV-1
98
How long does a cold sore take to resolve?
10-14 days
99
OTC medication for cold sores
Abreva
100
Wht is a recurrent apthous ulcer?
A canker sore
101
Peak age of canker sores is
10-19
102
Possible causes of canker sores
Toothpase with sodium lauryl sulfate Foods - acidic, spicy, strawberries, eggs, cheese Lack of B12, zinc, folate, iron Stress Injury
103
What is inflammation of the gingival margin that is clinically evident around the erupting teeth of a child called?
Eruption gingivitis
104
What are the characterisitics of eruption gingivitis?
Short lived Observered in children during tooth eruption Caused by the plaque accumulation where the tooth is shedding JE migrates under the resorbing tooth crreating a pocket for plaque to accumulate
105
Treatment of eruption gingivitits
Managed with improved OH Condition is reversed after the tooth has completely erupted
106
What is a localized infection within the soft tissue (operculum) surround the crown of a partially erupted tooth called?
Periocoronitis - Pericoronal Abscess
107
Which teeth have the highest occurance of periocoronitis?
1st and 2nd molars
108
Characterisitics of periocoronitis
Bad taste Bad smell Pain upon occlusion Pain with also prevent proper plaque removal
109
Treatment of periocoronitis
Irrigation, gentle debridment or Removal of operculum + antibiotics
110
If periocoronitis is left untreated, infection can spread and cause
Trimus Dysphagia Dyspnea Ludwig angina
111
What is plaque-induced gingival disease?
Presence of inflammation limited to the marginal gingiva with no loss of clinical attachemnt or alveolar bone
112
Plaque-induced gingival disease characteristics
Very common Occurance increases as children age Peaks between 9-14 years old Related to hormonal changes 60% of teeagers have BOP Less intense reaction from body to plaque vs adults
113
Treatment of plaque-induced gingival disease
Professional care Daily plaque removal
114
Calculus percentage in children 4-6 years
9%
115
Calculus percentage in children 7-9 years
18%
116
Calculus percentage in children 10-15 years
33-43%
117
Phenytoin-Influenced Gingival Overgrowth is a severe enlargement of the gingiva assosicated with a medication for a client with epilepsy. What type of gingival disease is it?
Gingival disease modified by medications
118
What type of gingivitis results from any systemic mediation that causes exaggerated inflammatory response to plaque?
Drug influenced gingivitis
119
True or False: when periodontitis occurs in pediatric patients, characterisitics are similar to the characterisitics in adults.
True
120
Necrotizing periodontal disease occur with a low frequency in North American and Eurpopean children at what percent?
Less than 1%
121
What factors predispose a child to necrotizing periodontal disease?
Viral infections Malnutrition Emotional stress Lack of sleep Systemic diseases

Hygiene Theory III (3 decks)

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