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test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what were the 2 events that altered the way that indigenous art was practiced?

A

when the railroad was completed and the buffalo was hunted in to extinction

the forced removal of plains native Americans to reserves

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2
Q

when was the rail road compleated?

A

1869

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3
Q

how did the forced removal of the plains native Americans impact their lives?

A

it shattered their former lives

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4
Q

finish this quote: the reservation era in the United States _________

A

the reservation era in the united states “was a time of profound cultural upheaval”

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5
Q

how did the reservation era change indigenous life style?

A

it changed their lifestyle from one that was defined by ecology to one that was place based

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6
Q

what did the shift from ecological lifestyle to place based lifestyle change?

A

this shift opened up a creative vein

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7
Q

how did the shift from ecological lifestyle to place based lifestyle change their lives?

A

because indigenous people were forced to use the ecological materials in their reserve and they did not have a large plot of land with different ecological zones

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8
Q

what do ledger drawings offer?

A

a network of a different form of recording

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9
Q

what are 4 reasons why does indigenous are, culture and history matter?

A

it tells a story of the past and the struggles of the past

it teaches lessons from the past so people do not repeat the same mistakes

it serves as a living link to the past so it never goes extinct

art tells the truths of people struggles

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10
Q

did indigenous people have a massive plot of land until the government took it away?

A

yes

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11
Q

are indigenous people good at adapting?

A

yes

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12
Q

where are the 5 places the Lakota, Lakota and Dakota people from?

A

treaty 1
skaktchawan
montana
north Dakota
South Dakota

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13
Q

who is Arthur Ammiot?

A

a Lakota artist who was born on pine ridge reserve, he paints about Lakota history

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14
Q

where was Arthur Ammiot from?

A

pine ridge reserve

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15
Q

what nation nation was Arthur Ammiot from?

A

Lakota

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16
Q

what was wounded knee?

A

land of the Lakota people

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17
Q

what was the battle wounded knee?

A

it was a battle between the Lakota people and the US army and FBI, they were fighting over the Lakota land called “wounded knee”

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18
Q

finish the quote: “to under stand art you need to under stand_______”

A

to understand art you need to under stand “who people are and where they are from”

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19
Q

who is Oscar howe?

A

Oscar how is a yanktonai Dakota artist, he was one of the most innovative native American painters of the 20th century

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20
Q

how does Oscar Howe want his art to be seen?

A

he wants his art to be seem on the same field as another cultures are, he is not wanting his art to be seen as a protest but as a recounting of true facts

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21
Q

when was the Sundance banned in the US?

A

1883

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22
Q

when was the Sundance banned in canada?

A

1895

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23
Q

why was the Sundance banned?

A

to help civilize native Americans

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24
Q

what was the ghost dance?

A

it was a spiritual practice that stoped trade goods allowed in, this encouraged an alternate way to honour the creator

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25
Q

why was the ghost dance created?

A

as a messianic form of protection

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26
Q

when did the ghost dance end?

A

1890

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27
Q

why did the ghost dance end?

A

due to the slaughter at wounded knee

the land reservations that they were placed in where not resource rich

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28
Q

who was silver horn?

A

a Kiowa artist from the plains

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29
Q

what happened when the Lakota people were placed in once place with less resources?

A

their art became more creative due to the lack of resources

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30
Q

name 5 artists from through out the course?

A

Charles loloma
Oscar howe
Arthur Ammiot
Diego remaro
kent monk man

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31
Q

who is charels loloma?

A

Charles Loloma was a hopi native American artist who was know for his jewlery

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32
Q

who is Diego Remaro?

A

Diego remaro was a puebllo visual artist who is know for is ceramics and pottery

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33
Q

what nation is Diego remaro from?

A

puebllo

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34
Q

what nation was Charles loloma from?

A

hopi

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35
Q

who is Kent monkman?

A

kent monkman is a cree artist from fisher river who is known for his political paintings

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36
Q

what nation is kent monkman from?

A

cree

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37
Q

where is kent monkman from?

A

fisher river,manitoba

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38
Q

what band is kent monkman a member of?

A

fisher river band

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39
Q

what was the Dakota 38?

A

it was 38 Dakota men who were executed by hanging under orders from president Abraham Lincoln

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40
Q

what is the poem “38” about?

A

it is about the lying and deceit of the government towards the Dakota and souix people and how they took their land and forced in to reserves to starve to death

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41
Q

who wrote the poem “38”?

A

layli long soilder

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42
Q

who is Horace poolaw?

A

a kiowa photographer

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43
Q

what does Horace Poolaw’s photography reveal?

A

it reveals an invisible era of American Indian history

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44
Q

what is turtle island?

A

North America

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45
Q

what are the 4 regions of Inuit in turtle island?

A

Inuvialuit
Nunavut
nunavick
Nunatsiavut

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46
Q

where is Inuvialuit region?

A

Northwest Territories

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47
Q

is the Nunavut region?

A

Nunavut

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48
Q

where is the nunavick region?

A

northern quebec

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49
Q

where is the Nunatsiavut region?

A

northern Labrador

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50
Q

what are the 6 things wrong with the canadian coat of arms?

A

british flag
French flag
crown
unicorn
African lion
european plants

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51
Q

why is the canadian coat of arms wrong?

A

because it doesn’t truly represent the canadian people

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52
Q

what is the Inuit way of thinking?

A

there are many people inside of you like, friends and family

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53
Q

what is a Sedna?

A

the Inuit creator god

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54
Q

what is muktuk?

A

whale blubber

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55
Q

what is an ulu?

A

a traditional women’s knife, used for any cooking or cutting needs

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56
Q

what his the ulu used for?

A

any cooking or cutting needs

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57
Q

what is the Inuit belief when you kill an animal?

A

if you killed something you would have to share it with your neighbour or else they wouldn’t share with you

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58
Q

when did Nunavut become canada 3rd territory?

A

April 1, 1999

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59
Q

what Canadian territory is Nunavut?

A

canadas 3rd territory

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60
Q

how big is Nunavut?

A

2 million square kilometres

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61
Q

what percentage of Canadas land mass is Nunavut?

A

roughly 20% of Canadas land mass

62
Q

what is Nunavuts largest community?

A

iqualout

63
Q

what does “qallunaq” mean?

A

it was the way that the Inuit people described the bones on the eyebrows sit and how they protrude on white people

64
Q

what did the government make the Inuit people do in the 40’s 50’s and 60’s?

A

wear dog tags to identify them as Inuit people

65
Q

why did the government make Inuit people dog tags?

A

they made them wear dog tags to identify them as Inuit people and reduce them down to a number and a dog tag

66
Q

what nation is indigenous to the north?

A

the Inuit

67
Q

what is the Inuit language?

A

inuktatook

68
Q

are the Inuit people diverse across the north?

A

yes

69
Q

when was the Inuit referendum?

A

1992

70
Q

how was the Inuit referendum ended?

A

it ended in a 69% vote in favour of land-claim agreements

71
Q

what are land-claim agreements?

A

an agreement that outlines conditions for individuals who hunt, trap and fish within the Settlement Area

72
Q

is there a great coherence across of religious ideologies in the north?

A

yes

73
Q

what form do shamans normally come in?

A

animal form

74
Q

what are shamans considered to Inuit families?

A

they were considered family members

75
Q

what is the struggle that people face when being born in to indigenous famlies?

A

the struggle of learning European culture and not forgetting their past and culture

76
Q

what does “qimmit” mean?

A

their dogs

77
Q

what are “qimmit” (dogs) considered as, by Inuit families?

A

they are considered to be part of the family

78
Q

why did the government invade up north?

A

to mine resources like gold, Dimond and uranium

79
Q

what was the “dog ordinance”?

A

a law that let the RCMP kill dogs that were not tied up, thus targeted the inuit dogs

80
Q

did the RCMP give an explanation for why they killed their dogs?

A

no, there was a truth and reconciliation committee that tried to get an explanation but the government said it was part of a larger policy and forced the Inuit to settle

81
Q

what is the Yup’ik?

A

they are a community that is very far up north, they are very small and remote

82
Q

how many yup’ik tribal members are in the Yup’ik delta?

A

about 20,000 yup’k tribal members

83
Q

what are the suicide rates in the yup’k regions and Nunavut?

A

there are 111 suicides in every 100,000 people

84
Q

what is the are the 3 big reasons of the big suicide rates in the yup’ik regions and Nunavut?

A

having to live in 2 cultures
being removed from your culture
having to live a double life
(these all are describing the same thing)

85
Q

what caused the over commercialization of beaver pelts?

A

when the Europeans came to turtle island

86
Q

when is eye contact done by indigenous people?

A

when a closer relationship is formed with a person

87
Q

who are the 2 perpetrators in residential schools?

A

RCMP (government)
the church

88
Q

when did residential schools end?

A

1997

89
Q

what percent of men in prisons are indigenous?

A

40% of men in prisons are indigenous but they are only 4 percent of the population

90
Q

why are 40% of men in prisons indigenous but they only make up 4% of the population?

A

because of the intergenerational trauma that has put them in a position where they have to commit crimes

91
Q

where do indigenous histories believe us to come from?

A

the stars

92
Q

what is the grease trial?

A

it was a sacred trial that was used to create a large trade network

93
Q

why is the grease trail called the “grease trail”?

A

due to the frequent trade of fish grease on this trail

94
Q

4 men decided to take this journey through the path, it was very grown over, who left a trail for these men to go through?

A

the elk

95
Q

what are elk considered in indigenous world view?

A

guides

96
Q

what is the grease trail origin story?

A

it is a trail that takes them to end end of their territory, this is believed to take them to the end of their world

97
Q

how is the grease trail connected to indigenous sovereignty?

A

due to its relation to the land

98
Q

what are “the little people”?

A

they are seen as workers for the creators who provide protection

99
Q

what are the 8 teachings that bring people hope?

A

language
knowledge
family
medicine
ceremony
tradition
joy
hope

100
Q

where was wounded knee?

A

on the one ridge Indian reservation in south dakota

101
Q

where 6 place the Lakota people are from?

A

montana
Wyoming
colorado
Nebraska
south Dakota
north dakota

102
Q

where are 4 places the Dakota people are from?

A

montana
Wyoming
North Dakota
South Dakota

103
Q

what is an example of the art of adornment?

A

impractical moccasins- wealthy horse riders wore fancy beaded sole moccasins to show they did not need to walk on the ground often

104
Q

what is hunka?

A

a Lakota ceremony that blesses a child with “moral generosity towards others”

105
Q

what is an example of 20th century bead work?

A

digital bead work

106
Q

what is the largest “legal” mass execution in US history?

A

the Dakota 38

107
Q

why did the Dakota 38 happen?

A

the 38 men were hanged to due to souix uprising, during the 1800s when the us “purchased” land from the Dakota people the Dakota leaders did not fully understand the terms and felt like they were tricked

108
Q

what is a result of the Dakotas people land being taken?

A

they had no land and were exiled

109
Q

what do the Dakota people do now as a memorial to the Dakota 38?

A

there is a group that conduct a memorial horse ride from lower rule, South Dakota to mankato Minnesota, the memorial riders travel 325 miles on horse back for 18 days, they end their journey on December 26, the day of the hanging

110
Q

what Is the group of Dakota 38 memorial riders called?

A

Dakota 38 + 2 riders

111
Q

did traders extend store credit to starving Dakota people?

A

no, they did not extend store credit to “Indians”

112
Q

what did trader Andrew Myrick say about the starving Dakota people?

A

“if they are hungry, let them eat grass”

113
Q

what does “racism in a can” refer to?

A

the treaties that were signed between the Ojibwe and US Government regarding the right to the Ojibwa to hunt, fish and gather on ceded land. the US did not up hold their end of the bargin. in 1987, the Stop Treaty Abuse (STA) organization launched treaty beer as a means to raise funds to support organizations and political candidates committed to ending treaties

114
Q

what does the “spear this” poster refer to?

A

the anti treaty moment was highly charged, the public and government posted posters with a gun saying “spear this” as a way to fight back against their spear fishing

115
Q

what is an autonym?

A

preferred term or term of self-identification

116
Q

what is an exonym?

A

name in euro-north Amercican history

117
Q

where is the wet,suwet’en territory?

A

Houston or kitmat, interior BC

118
Q

where is Eeyou Istchee?

A

east side of James bay in northern Quebec

119
Q

what is the English name for “Eeyou Istchee”?

A

James bay

120
Q

Name the number of current
province/ territories that
have # treaties on them?

A

6-
BC
Manitoba
skatchawan
Ontario
northwest territory

121
Q

where are the 3 places the dene nation is located?

A

northwest territories
Manitoba
Alaska

122
Q

where are the 3 places the Navajo (dine) nation is located?

A

arizona
Utah
new mexico

123
Q

name 6 Iroquoian nations?

A

oneida
onondaga
seneca
cayuga
tuscadora
mohawk

124
Q

where are 4 places you can find the Iroquoian?

A

southwestern Ontario
eastern Ontario
upstate New York
western quebec

125
Q

what were the 4 nations part of the wentdat confederacy?

A

huron went of wendake
wyandotte Oklahoma
Wyandot nation of kansas
Wyandot of Michigan

126
Q

what are the 3 home territories of there Tlingit?

A

Alaska
bc
Yukon

127
Q

where do the Inuvialuit Inuit live?

A

Northwest Territories

128
Q

where do the nunatsiavut Inuit live?

A

labrador

129
Q

what are 6 nations that originally hold territory in BC?

A

Haida
haisla
nuu’chah’nulth
wet’suwet’en
talhatan
tutonche

130
Q

what are 2 current locations where Inuit were forcibly relocated to?

A

grise fjord
inukjuak

131
Q

where is tadousac located?

A

quebec

132
Q

where is tsu tsina?

A

Alberta

133
Q

where is saniquiliac?

A

Nunavut

134
Q

where is red sucker lake?

A

Manitoba

135
Q

where is la ronge?

A

Saskatchewan

136
Q

what nations are in the;
opaskwayak reserve
o-pipon-na-piwin reserve?

A

cree

137
Q

where are the;
opaskwayak reserve
o-pipon-na-piwin reserve?

A

central and northern Manitoba

138
Q

what nation lives in tadoule lake?

A

dene

139
Q

where is tadoule lake?

A

Manitoba

140
Q

where is webequie?

A

northern Manitoba

141
Q

what nation lives in webequie?

A

anishinaabe

142
Q

what are 3 reserves within an hour and a half drive from Winnipeg?

A

sakeeing
Dakota tipi
Rouseau river
long plain
Dakota plains
broken head

143
Q

who is miss chief eagle testickle?

A

a fluid character and another form of kent monkman, he feels it is a representation is his story and truth

144
Q

what happened in 1763?

A

the proclamation act

145
Q

what was the proclamation act?

A

this is when all of the French territory in North America was transferred in to the hands of the British

146
Q

what happened in 1867?

A

canadian federation

147
Q

what was the canadian federation?

A

this was when canada became a country

148
Q

what happened in 1876?

A

the Indian act

149
Q

what was the Indian act?

A

The Indian Act is a Canadian act of Parliament that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves

150
Q

what happened in 1982?

A

cananda repatriated our constitution

151
Q

what is the repatriation of canandian constitution?

A

It transferred the country’s highest law, the constitution act, from the authority of the British Parliament to Canada’s federal and provincial legislatures

indigenous studies (4 decks)

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