test 2 Flashcards
what were the 2 events that altered the way that indigenous art was practiced?
when the railroad was completed and the buffalo was hunted in to extinction
the forced removal of plains native Americans to reserves
when was the rail road compleated?
1869
how did the forced removal of the plains native Americans impact their lives?
it shattered their former lives
finish this quote: the reservation era in the United States _________
the reservation era in the united states “was a time of profound cultural upheaval”
how did the reservation era change indigenous life style?
it changed their lifestyle from one that was defined by ecology to one that was place based
what did the shift from ecological lifestyle to place based lifestyle change?
this shift opened up a creative vein
how did the shift from ecological lifestyle to place based lifestyle change their lives?
because indigenous people were forced to use the ecological materials in their reserve and they did not have a large plot of land with different ecological zones
what do ledger drawings offer?
a network of a different form of recording
what are 4 reasons why does indigenous are, culture and history matter?
it tells a story of the past and the struggles of the past
it teaches lessons from the past so people do not repeat the same mistakes
it serves as a living link to the past so it never goes extinct
art tells the truths of people struggles
did indigenous people have a massive plot of land until the government took it away?
yes
are indigenous people good at adapting?
yes
where are the 5 places the Lakota, Lakota and Dakota people from?
treaty 1
skaktchawan
montana
north Dakota
South Dakota
who is Arthur Ammiot?
a Lakota artist who was born on pine ridge reserve, he paints about Lakota history
where was Arthur Ammiot from?
pine ridge reserve
what nation nation was Arthur Ammiot from?
Lakota
what was wounded knee?
land of the Lakota people
what was the battle wounded knee?
it was a battle between the Lakota people and the US army and FBI, they were fighting over the Lakota land called “wounded knee”
finish the quote: “to under stand art you need to under stand_______”
to understand art you need to under stand “who people are and where they are from”
who is Oscar howe?
Oscar how is a yanktonai Dakota artist, he was one of the most innovative native American painters of the 20th century
how does Oscar Howe want his art to be seen?
he wants his art to be seem on the same field as another cultures are, he is not wanting his art to be seen as a protest but as a recounting of true facts
when was the Sundance banned in the US?
1883
when was the Sundance banned in canada?
1895
why was the Sundance banned?
to help civilize native Americans
what was the ghost dance?
it was a spiritual practice that stoped trade goods allowed in, this encouraged an alternate way to honour the creator
why was the ghost dance created?
as a messianic form of protection
when did the ghost dance end?
1890
why did the ghost dance end?
due to the slaughter at wounded knee
the land reservations that they were placed in where not resource rich
who was silver horn?
a Kiowa artist from the plains
what happened when the Lakota people were placed in once place with less resources?
their art became more creative due to the lack of resources
name 5 artists from through out the course?
Charles loloma
Oscar howe
Arthur Ammiot
Diego remaro
kent monk man
who is charels loloma?
Charles Loloma was a hopi native American artist who was know for his jewlery
who is Diego Remaro?
Diego remaro was a puebllo visual artist who is know for is ceramics and pottery
what nation is Diego remaro from?
puebllo
what nation was Charles loloma from?
hopi
who is Kent monkman?
kent monkman is a cree artist from fisher river who is known for his political paintings
what nation is kent monkman from?
cree
where is kent monkman from?
fisher river,manitoba
what band is kent monkman a member of?
fisher river band
what was the Dakota 38?
it was 38 Dakota men who were executed by hanging under orders from president Abraham Lincoln
what is the poem “38” about?
it is about the lying and deceit of the government towards the Dakota and souix people and how they took their land and forced in to reserves to starve to death
who wrote the poem “38”?
layli long soilder
who is Horace poolaw?
a kiowa photographer
what does Horace Poolaw’s photography reveal?
it reveals an invisible era of American Indian history
what is turtle island?
North America
what are the 4 regions of Inuit in turtle island?
Inuvialuit
Nunavut
nunavick
Nunatsiavut
where is Inuvialuit region?
Northwest Territories
is the Nunavut region?
Nunavut
where is the nunavick region?
northern quebec
where is the Nunatsiavut region?
northern Labrador
what are the 6 things wrong with the canadian coat of arms?
british flag
French flag
crown
unicorn
African lion
european plants
why is the canadian coat of arms wrong?
because it doesn’t truly represent the canadian people
what is the Inuit way of thinking?
there are many people inside of you like, friends and family
what is a Sedna?
the Inuit creator god
what is muktuk?
whale blubber
what is an ulu?
a traditional women’s knife, used for any cooking or cutting needs
what his the ulu used for?
any cooking or cutting needs
what is the Inuit belief when you kill an animal?
if you killed something you would have to share it with your neighbour or else they wouldn’t share with you
when did Nunavut become canada 3rd territory?
April 1, 1999
what Canadian territory is Nunavut?
canadas 3rd territory
how big is Nunavut?
2 million square kilometres
what percentage of Canadas land mass is Nunavut?
roughly 20% of Canadas land mass
what is Nunavuts largest community?
iqualout
what does “qallunaq” mean?
it was the way that the Inuit people described the bones on the eyebrows sit and how they protrude on white people
what did the government make the Inuit people do in the 40’s 50’s and 60’s?
wear dog tags to identify them as Inuit people
why did the government make Inuit people dog tags?
they made them wear dog tags to identify them as Inuit people and reduce them down to a number and a dog tag
what nation is indigenous to the north?
the Inuit
what is the Inuit language?
inuktatook
are the Inuit people diverse across the north?
yes
when was the Inuit referendum?
1992
how was the Inuit referendum ended?
it ended in a 69% vote in favour of land-claim agreements
what are land-claim agreements?
an agreement that outlines conditions for individuals who hunt, trap and fish within the Settlement Area
is there a great coherence across of religious ideologies in the north?
yes
what form do shamans normally come in?
animal form
what are shamans considered to Inuit families?
they were considered family members
what is the struggle that people face when being born in to indigenous famlies?
the struggle of learning European culture and not forgetting their past and culture
what does “qimmit” mean?
their dogs
what are “qimmit” (dogs) considered as, by Inuit families?
they are considered to be part of the family
why did the government invade up north?
to mine resources like gold, Dimond and uranium
what was the “dog ordinance”?
a law that let the RCMP kill dogs that were not tied up, thus targeted the inuit dogs
did the RCMP give an explanation for why they killed their dogs?
no, there was a truth and reconciliation committee that tried to get an explanation but the government said it was part of a larger policy and forced the Inuit to settle
what is the Yup’ik?
they are a community that is very far up north, they are very small and remote
how many yup’ik tribal members are in the Yup’ik delta?
about 20,000 yup’k tribal members
what are the suicide rates in the yup’k regions and Nunavut?
there are 111 suicides in every 100,000 people
what is the are the 3 big reasons of the big suicide rates in the yup’ik regions and Nunavut?
having to live in 2 cultures
being removed from your culture
having to live a double life
(these all are describing the same thing)
what caused the over commercialization of beaver pelts?
when the Europeans came to turtle island
when is eye contact done by indigenous people?
when a closer relationship is formed with a person
who are the 2 perpetrators in residential schools?
RCMP (government)
the church
when did residential schools end?
1997
what percent of men in prisons are indigenous?
40% of men in prisons are indigenous but they are only 4 percent of the population
why are 40% of men in prisons indigenous but they only make up 4% of the population?
because of the intergenerational trauma that has put them in a position where they have to commit crimes
where do indigenous histories believe us to come from?
the stars
what is the grease trial?
it was a sacred trial that was used to create a large trade network
why is the grease trail called the “grease trail”?
due to the frequent trade of fish grease on this trail
4 men decided to take this journey through the path, it was very grown over, who left a trail for these men to go through?
the elk
what are elk considered in indigenous world view?
guides
what is the grease trail origin story?
it is a trail that takes them to end end of their territory, this is believed to take them to the end of their world
how is the grease trail connected to indigenous sovereignty?
due to its relation to the land
what are “the little people”?
they are seen as workers for the creators who provide protection
what are the 8 teachings that bring people hope?
language
knowledge
family
medicine
ceremony
tradition
joy
hope
where was wounded knee?
on the one ridge Indian reservation in south dakota
where 6 place the Lakota people are from?
montana
Wyoming
colorado
Nebraska
south Dakota
north dakota
where are 4 places the Dakota people are from?
montana
Wyoming
North Dakota
South Dakota
what is an example of the art of adornment?
impractical moccasins- wealthy horse riders wore fancy beaded sole moccasins to show they did not need to walk on the ground often
what is hunka?
a Lakota ceremony that blesses a child with “moral generosity towards others”
what is an example of 20th century bead work?
digital bead work
what is the largest “legal” mass execution in US history?
the Dakota 38
why did the Dakota 38 happen?
the 38 men were hanged to due to souix uprising, during the 1800s when the us “purchased” land from the Dakota people the Dakota leaders did not fully understand the terms and felt like they were tricked
what is a result of the Dakotas people land being taken?
they had no land and were exiled
what do the Dakota people do now as a memorial to the Dakota 38?
there is a group that conduct a memorial horse ride from lower rule, South Dakota to mankato Minnesota, the memorial riders travel 325 miles on horse back for 18 days, they end their journey on December 26, the day of the hanging
what Is the group of Dakota 38 memorial riders called?
Dakota 38 + 2 riders
did traders extend store credit to starving Dakota people?
no, they did not extend store credit to “Indians”
what did trader Andrew Myrick say about the starving Dakota people?
“if they are hungry, let them eat grass”
what does “racism in a can” refer to?
the treaties that were signed between the Ojibwe and US Government regarding the right to the Ojibwa to hunt, fish and gather on ceded land. the US did not up hold their end of the bargin. in 1987, the Stop Treaty Abuse (STA) organization launched treaty beer as a means to raise funds to support organizations and political candidates committed to ending treaties
what does the “spear this” poster refer to?
the anti treaty moment was highly charged, the public and government posted posters with a gun saying “spear this” as a way to fight back against their spear fishing
what is an autonym?
preferred term or term of self-identification
what is an exonym?
name in euro-north Amercican history
where is the wet,suwet’en territory?
Houston or kitmat, interior BC
where is Eeyou Istchee?
east side of James bay in northern Quebec
what is the English name for “Eeyou Istchee”?
James bay
Name the number of current
province/ territories that
have # treaties on them?
6-
BC
Manitoba
skatchawan
Ontario
northwest territory
where are the 3 places the dene nation is located?
northwest territories
Manitoba
Alaska
where are the 3 places the Navajo (dine) nation is located?
arizona
Utah
new mexico
name 6 Iroquoian nations?
oneida
onondaga
seneca
cayuga
tuscadora
mohawk
where are 4 places you can find the Iroquoian?
southwestern Ontario
eastern Ontario
upstate New York
western quebec
what were the 4 nations part of the wentdat confederacy?
huron went of wendake
wyandotte Oklahoma
Wyandot nation of kansas
Wyandot of Michigan
what are the 3 home territories of there Tlingit?
Alaska
bc
Yukon
where do the Inuvialuit Inuit live?
Northwest Territories
where do the nunatsiavut Inuit live?
labrador
what are 6 nations that originally hold territory in BC?
Haida
haisla
nuu’chah’nulth
wet’suwet’en
talhatan
tutonche
what are 2 current locations where Inuit were forcibly relocated to?
grise fjord
inukjuak
where is tadousac located?
quebec
where is tsu tsina?
Alberta
where is saniquiliac?
Nunavut
where is red sucker lake?
Manitoba
where is la ronge?
Saskatchewan
what nations are in the;
opaskwayak reserve
o-pipon-na-piwin reserve?
cree
where are the;
opaskwayak reserve
o-pipon-na-piwin reserve?
central and northern Manitoba
what nation lives in tadoule lake?
dene
where is tadoule lake?
Manitoba
where is webequie?
northern Manitoba
what nation lives in webequie?
anishinaabe
what are 3 reserves within an hour and a half drive from Winnipeg?
sakeeing
Dakota tipi
Rouseau river
long plain
Dakota plains
broken head
who is miss chief eagle testickle?
a fluid character and another form of kent monkman, he feels it is a representation is his story and truth
what happened in 1763?
the proclamation act
what was the proclamation act?
this is when all of the French territory in North America was transferred in to the hands of the British
what happened in 1867?
canadian federation
what was the canadian federation?
this was when canada became a country
what happened in 1876?
the Indian act
what was the Indian act?
The Indian Act is a Canadian act of Parliament that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves
what happened in 1982?
cananda repatriated our constitution
what is the repatriation of canandian constitution?
It transferred the country’s highest law, the constitution act, from the authority of the British Parliament to Canada’s federal and provincial legislatures
