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indigenous studies > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pueblo world view?

A

humans beings have a spiritual obligation to replay the ancient act of emergence, and to don masks and special garments to impersonate and personify the spiritual forces of the world

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2
Q

what is the significance of the striped clowns in pueblo culture?

A

the striped clowns symbolize the four directions

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3
Q

what are the four corners of the southwest?

A

arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah

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4
Q

what are 10 groups of people that lived in the south west

A

O’odham
zuni
hopi
acoma
navajo
apache
rio grande
anasazi
mimbres
hohokam

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5
Q

where did the Navajo and apache immigrate from?

A

northwest canada and Alaska

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6
Q

what does the Navajo word “anasazi” mean?

A

enemy ancestors

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7
Q

what was the original permanent form of puebloan architecture?

A

a modest-looking semisubterranean structure knows as a pit house

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8
Q

what is a sipapu?

A

a hole in the floor of a kiva that served as a symbol of the opening into the underworld from which the first people emerged

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9
Q

what were many of the ancient structures orientated towards?

A

they were orientated towards the heavens and the underworld

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10
Q

what are kivas?

A

a semisubterranean circular pit house with an entrance hole in the roof

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11
Q

what were kivas primarily used for?

A

they were primarily for family ritual and ceremonial gathering

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12
Q

what was one of the earliest know artifact from the southwest?

A

fiber arts

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13
Q

what materials were primarily used for weaving baskets, sandals and clothing?

A

yucca fibres and other plant materials

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14
Q

what were some practical uses of fibre arts?

A

strength for carrying a basket or sandals, aesthetics for a gift basket or a water tight food basket

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15
Q

what is the most common colour scheme for puebloan pottery?

A

black and white is the most widespread tradition

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16
Q

what are 5 kinds of pottery made in the south west?

A

mugs with handles
bowls
wide shouldered water jars
seed jars
animal effigy forms

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17
Q

what was the most common kind of mimbres pottery?

A

the hemispheric bowl

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18
Q

when was the classic mimbres period?

A

early 12th century

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19
Q

in the early mimbres period what was the most common kind of pot?

A

hard coiled bowls that were smoothed and shaped, then painted with black and white slips before firing

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20
Q

where have most of the mimbres bowls been found?

A

in burials beneath the floors of simple one-story apartment complexes

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21
Q

what do modern pueblo people view the sky and the earth?

A

the sky is a dome that rests upon the earth like an inverted bowl, the dome sky can be pierced to allow passage between different worlds

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22
Q

what was the most common hohokam architecture?

A

earthen platform mounds and pit houses

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23
Q

what was a very advanced creation that the hohokam people are responsible for?

A

a complex irrigation system that brought water down from nearby mountains

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24
Q

what triggered the collapse of the economy at chaco canyon?

A

a severe drought

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25
Q

when was the pueblo revolt?

A

1680

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26
Q

what was the pueblo revolt?

A

when the peublo people overthrow the Spanish and torn down churches and built up kivas

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27
Q

what was the part that kivas play in the pueblo world view?

A

the village was the heart of the world and the kiva was the heart of the village, therefore the kivas was the heart of the world

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28
Q

what was the most used material in pueblo architecture?

A

adobe bricks

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29
Q

what was a dance plaza?

A

a place where community ceremonies and rituals take place

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30
Q

what is katsinam?

A

a pueblo belief that elemental forces of nature is embodied in supernatural beings named katsinam

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31
Q

in pueblo belif who are able to don the spiritual masks?

A

only men

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32
Q

what do the masks symbolize in pueblo culture?

A

they allow the gods to become a manifest

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33
Q

what do pueblo people insist about the masks?

A

the masks should not be displayed as art objects and should not be displayed in museums

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34
Q

what do most pueblos do with the masks after they are used in ceremony?

A

the masks are dismantled after ceremonial use or at least the paint is scraped off

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35
Q

what does the study of pueblo pottery offer us insight in to?

A

the scientific process, traditional world view and ever adaptable modern process of creating art

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36
Q

what his the most important part of the of the pottery process?

A

choosing the clay

37
Q

when did the Navajo and apache get to the south west from the north and Alaska?

A

between 1200 and 1500 CE

38
Q

what Is central to Navajo and apache religion?

A

they both feature a katsina-like spirit being who are the source of supernatural power

39
Q

what Is the most common kind of Navajo and apache architecture?

A

an eight sided house with a hole in the roof for ventilation with a east ward facing door way

40
Q

what is a hataali in Navajo culture?

A

a healer who takes on an apprentice who of his own volition has decided to follow the path of ritual and healing

41
Q

explain a Navajo healing ritual?

A

a navajo healing ritual were often multi night affairs, sometimes culminating in the appearance of masked figures representing the holy people

42
Q

when did the Navajo chiefs blanket turn in to the blanket that we know today?

A

throughout the nineteenth century, successive phases of the so-called chiefs blanket displayed a graphic boldness and simplicity, conjoining stripes, cross patterns and diamonds forms

43
Q

what is weaving seen as in Navajo culture?

A

weaving is a spiritual practice, as well as a paradigm for womanhood

44
Q

why is weaving so important in navjo culture?

A

because the universe is woven on a giant loom out of the sacred materials of the cosmos by spider woman, and spider woman taught changing woman how to weave

45
Q

who is the Navajo supernatural changing woman?

A

changing woman provides the model for the Navajo aesthetic of transformation. she is, in essence, Mother Earth, clothing herself in anew vegetation each spring

46
Q

what increased the commercialization of native silverware in the early 20th century?

A

tourism

47
Q

what are Santo Domingo pueblo jewelers known for?

A

shell and turquoise mosaic

48
Q

what are Zuni pueblo jewellers knows for?

A

cluster work stones

49
Q

what are hopi jewlers known for?

A

a distinctive style of overlay of different materials

50
Q

who is the most known pueblo jeweller?

A

Charles loloma

51
Q

what does the hopi and Zuni snake dance demonstrate?

A

the triumph of friendly forces over evil

52
Q

what is the serpent-turtle cult?

A

it is what the colonial explorers thought the deserted Ojibwa buildings were made by

53
Q

who else has experienced colonization in the world?

A

almost everyone in the world have experienced colonization by the British

54
Q

when Christopher Columbus celebrated the first thanks giving what did the europeans bring?

A

nothing, they took all of the indigenous peoples food

55
Q

what are the 2 most important factors of indigenous art?

A

form and function

56
Q

what did the europeans say about their explorers when they got to America?

A

they said the europeans discovered the americas and completely discredited the indigenous people

57
Q

do all of the pueblo people speak the same language?

A

no, they all speak different languages but they were somehow able to interact with one another without speaking the same language

58
Q

who is frank Lloyd?

A

he is an architect who is regarded as the king of architecture

59
Q

what did frank Lloyd do to indigenous architecture?

A

he tried to take credit for creating organic architecture, when indigenous people have been using organic architecture for a long time

60
Q

what is fibre art?

A

art made from ecological appropriate materials such as twined, coiled and woven plants

61
Q

what are some common themes in mimbres pottery?

A

geographic patterns
black and white colour schemes
animals

62
Q

what are some items that have been used to stereotype indigenous culture?

A

pottery, totems and war bonnets (tomahawks and war clubs)

63
Q

why has indigenous culture been stereotyped to reduce the complexities?

A

for easy entry in to the culture and to easily define and eliminate the complexities

64
Q

what are the 7 components of the kiva?

A

hearths or fire pits
deflectors (way of keeping the wind away from the fire)
ventilators (to increase air flow)
benches
floor vaults
sipapus
wall niches

65
Q

what are sticky dollars?

A

dollars that are generated by people supportting indigenous businesses and buying art and not dollars that are government transfers

66
Q

when was the potlatch banned through an amendment in the Indian act?

A

from 1884 till 1951

67
Q

what was a potlatch?

A

a cultural ceremony and feast with an exchanging of items

68
Q

what does “arts are formed from the ecosophy of the space that the art emerges from” mean?

A

it means that the art will be impacted and created by the regional materials and people

69
Q

what does “art is an expression of renewal and a construction of time” mean?

A

art is a creation and reflection of how we see ourselfs and how we view history

70
Q

what does “art is the practice of survivable and is alive” mean?

A

art is a living thing that tells and story of the past and present

71
Q

due to colonization what has happened to indigenous art and culture?

A

it has disappeared
it has been represented or misrepresented
it has been destroyed
it has gone unknown
and has been unshared

72
Q

what is the proclamation act of 1763?

A

it legally gave the British official claim of North America

73
Q

what does traditional mean?

A

it is described as something that is a living link from past to present

74
Q

explain the economic functions of indigenous art and culture?

A

there was tons of trade done of art and material and was a regular occurrence to create or maintain kinship ties

75
Q

what is the importance of non-written literature in indigenous culture?

A

its a oral body of work that has preserved and passed down knowledge and preserved teachings for later generations

76
Q

what is the importance of words in indigenous culture?

A

words and their combinations are aknowledged as powerful entities that can alter reality

77
Q

what are the 3 catagories of creation stories?

A

the earth diver story
the emergence story
the two creators story

78
Q

what is the importance of creation stories to indigenous people?

A

they provide a sense of identity and a set of moral guidelines for living the good life

79
Q

what is the importance of performing arts in indigenous culture?

A

performing arts is a teaching tool and is used for sacred and secular purposes

80
Q

what is the importance of powwows in indigenous culture?

A

they are a social gathering where friends and family could renew relationships

81
Q

what does epistemology mean?

A

the theory of knowledge and the distinction between justified belief and opinion

82
Q

what does ontology mean?

A

concerned with the nature and relations of being

83
Q

what are the 5 things to understand nations through a community based frame work?

A

place
experience
kinship
cohesiveness
ecology

84
Q

what does ecology mean?

A

where you grow up and what inspires your culture

85
Q

what is manoomin?

A

wild rice

86
Q

in 2016 94 calls to action were established, currently how many have been accomplished?

A

13

87
Q

is language an example of cultural sovereignty?

A

yes Its a way that individual cultures can keep and make their culture live on

88
Q

what does mine bimatsiwin mean?

A

it is the good life as it defined by you, your community and by your nation

89
Q

how many years has there been colonization in canada?

A

500 years

indigenous studies (4 decks)

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