test 1 Flashcards
what is the pueblo world view?
humans beings have a spiritual obligation to replay the ancient act of emergence, and to don masks and special garments to impersonate and personify the spiritual forces of the world
what is the significance of the striped clowns in pueblo culture?
the striped clowns symbolize the four directions
what are the four corners of the southwest?
arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah
what are 10 groups of people that lived in the south west
O’odham
zuni
hopi
acoma
navajo
apache
rio grande
anasazi
mimbres
hohokam
where did the Navajo and apache immigrate from?
northwest canada and Alaska
what does the Navajo word “anasazi” mean?
enemy ancestors
what was the original permanent form of puebloan architecture?
a modest-looking semisubterranean structure knows as a pit house
what is a sipapu?
a hole in the floor of a kiva that served as a symbol of the opening into the underworld from which the first people emerged
what were many of the ancient structures orientated towards?
they were orientated towards the heavens and the underworld
what are kivas?
a semisubterranean circular pit house with an entrance hole in the roof
what were kivas primarily used for?
they were primarily for family ritual and ceremonial gathering
what was one of the earliest know artifact from the southwest?
fiber arts
what materials were primarily used for weaving baskets, sandals and clothing?
yucca fibres and other plant materials
what were some practical uses of fibre arts?
strength for carrying a basket or sandals, aesthetics for a gift basket or a water tight food basket
what is the most common colour scheme for puebloan pottery?
black and white is the most widespread tradition
what are 5 kinds of pottery made in the south west?
mugs with handles
bowls
wide shouldered water jars
seed jars
animal effigy forms
what was the most common kind of mimbres pottery?
the hemispheric bowl
when was the classic mimbres period?
early 12th century
in the early mimbres period what was the most common kind of pot?
hard coiled bowls that were smoothed and shaped, then painted with black and white slips before firing
where have most of the mimbres bowls been found?
in burials beneath the floors of simple one-story apartment complexes
what do modern pueblo people view the sky and the earth?
the sky is a dome that rests upon the earth like an inverted bowl, the dome sky can be pierced to allow passage between different worlds
what was the most common hohokam architecture?
earthen platform mounds and pit houses
what was a very advanced creation that the hohokam people are responsible for?
a complex irrigation system that brought water down from nearby mountains
what triggered the collapse of the economy at chaco canyon?
a severe drought
when was the pueblo revolt?
1680
what was the pueblo revolt?
when the peublo people overthrow the Spanish and torn down churches and built up kivas
what was the part that kivas play in the pueblo world view?
the village was the heart of the world and the kiva was the heart of the village, therefore the kivas was the heart of the world
what was the most used material in pueblo architecture?
adobe bricks
what was a dance plaza?
a place where community ceremonies and rituals take place
what is katsinam?
a pueblo belief that elemental forces of nature is embodied in supernatural beings named katsinam
in pueblo belif who are able to don the spiritual masks?
only men
what do the masks symbolize in pueblo culture?
they allow the gods to become a manifest
what do pueblo people insist about the masks?
the masks should not be displayed as art objects and should not be displayed in museums
what do most pueblos do with the masks after they are used in ceremony?
the masks are dismantled after ceremonial use or at least the paint is scraped off
what does the study of pueblo pottery offer us insight in to?
the scientific process, traditional world view and ever adaptable modern process of creating art
what his the most important part of the of the pottery process?
choosing the clay
when did the Navajo and apache get to the south west from the north and Alaska?
between 1200 and 1500 CE
what Is central to Navajo and apache religion?
they both feature a katsina-like spirit being who are the source of supernatural power
what Is the most common kind of Navajo and apache architecture?
an eight sided house with a hole in the roof for ventilation with a east ward facing door way
what is a hataali in Navajo culture?
a healer who takes on an apprentice who of his own volition has decided to follow the path of ritual and healing
explain a Navajo healing ritual?
a navajo healing ritual were often multi night affairs, sometimes culminating in the appearance of masked figures representing the holy people
when did the Navajo chiefs blanket turn in to the blanket that we know today?
throughout the nineteenth century, successive phases of the so-called chiefs blanket displayed a graphic boldness and simplicity, conjoining stripes, cross patterns and diamonds forms
what is weaving seen as in Navajo culture?
weaving is a spiritual practice, as well as a paradigm for womanhood
why is weaving so important in navjo culture?
because the universe is woven on a giant loom out of the sacred materials of the cosmos by spider woman, and spider woman taught changing woman how to weave
who is the Navajo supernatural changing woman?
changing woman provides the model for the Navajo aesthetic of transformation. she is, in essence, Mother Earth, clothing herself in anew vegetation each spring
what increased the commercialization of native silverware in the early 20th century?
tourism
what are Santo Domingo pueblo jewelers known for?
shell and turquoise mosaic
what are Zuni pueblo jewellers knows for?
cluster work stones
what are hopi jewlers known for?
a distinctive style of overlay of different materials
who is the most known pueblo jeweller?
Charles loloma
what does the hopi and Zuni snake dance demonstrate?
the triumph of friendly forces over evil
what is the serpent-turtle cult?
it is what the colonial explorers thought the deserted Ojibwa buildings were made by
who else has experienced colonization in the world?
almost everyone in the world have experienced colonization by the British
when Christopher Columbus celebrated the first thanks giving what did the europeans bring?
nothing, they took all of the indigenous peoples food
what are the 2 most important factors of indigenous art?
form and function
what did the europeans say about their explorers when they got to America?
they said the europeans discovered the americas and completely discredited the indigenous people
do all of the pueblo people speak the same language?
no, they all speak different languages but they were somehow able to interact with one another without speaking the same language
who is frank Lloyd?
he is an architect who is regarded as the king of architecture
what did frank Lloyd do to indigenous architecture?
he tried to take credit for creating organic architecture, when indigenous people have been using organic architecture for a long time
what is fibre art?
art made from ecological appropriate materials such as twined, coiled and woven plants
what are some common themes in mimbres pottery?
geographic patterns
black and white colour schemes
animals
what are some items that have been used to stereotype indigenous culture?
pottery, totems and war bonnets (tomahawks and war clubs)
why has indigenous culture been stereotyped to reduce the complexities?
for easy entry in to the culture and to easily define and eliminate the complexities
what are the 7 components of the kiva?
hearths or fire pits
deflectors (way of keeping the wind away from the fire)
ventilators (to increase air flow)
benches
floor vaults
sipapus
wall niches
what are sticky dollars?
dollars that are generated by people supportting indigenous businesses and buying art and not dollars that are government transfers
when was the potlatch banned through an amendment in the Indian act?
from 1884 till 1951
what was a potlatch?
a cultural ceremony and feast with an exchanging of items
what does “arts are formed from the ecosophy of the space that the art emerges from” mean?
it means that the art will be impacted and created by the regional materials and people
what does “art is an expression of renewal and a construction of time” mean?
art is a creation and reflection of how we see ourselfs and how we view history
what does “art is the practice of survivable and is alive” mean?
art is a living thing that tells and story of the past and present
due to colonization what has happened to indigenous art and culture?
it has disappeared
it has been represented or misrepresented
it has been destroyed
it has gone unknown
and has been unshared
what is the proclamation act of 1763?
it legally gave the British official claim of North America
what does traditional mean?
it is described as something that is a living link from past to present
explain the economic functions of indigenous art and culture?
there was tons of trade done of art and material and was a regular occurrence to create or maintain kinship ties
what is the importance of non-written literature in indigenous culture?
its a oral body of work that has preserved and passed down knowledge and preserved teachings for later generations
what is the importance of words in indigenous culture?
words and their combinations are aknowledged as powerful entities that can alter reality
what are the 3 catagories of creation stories?
the earth diver story
the emergence story
the two creators story
what is the importance of creation stories to indigenous people?
they provide a sense of identity and a set of moral guidelines for living the good life
what is the importance of performing arts in indigenous culture?
performing arts is a teaching tool and is used for sacred and secular purposes
what is the importance of powwows in indigenous culture?
they are a social gathering where friends and family could renew relationships
what does epistemology mean?
the theory of knowledge and the distinction between justified belief and opinion
what does ontology mean?
concerned with the nature and relations of being
what are the 5 things to understand nations through a community based frame work?
place
experience
kinship
cohesiveness
ecology
what does ecology mean?
where you grow up and what inspires your culture
what is manoomin?
wild rice
in 2016 94 calls to action were established, currently how many have been accomplished?
13
is language an example of cultural sovereignty?
yes Its a way that individual cultures can keep and make their culture live on
what does mine bimatsiwin mean?
it is the good life as it defined by you, your community and by your nation
how many years has there been colonization in canada?
500 years
