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indigenous studies > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the creation story that the haudenoseaunee believe?

A

the sky woman, who pushed from the land of the sky people through a hole opened up by uprooting the great tree of light

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2
Q

what has caused most of the woodlands people to leave their ancient eastern homelands?

A

as a result of forced removals more woodlands people live west of the Mississippi

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3
Q

what are the three language families that most woodlands people speak?

A

Algonkin
Iroquoian
siouan

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4
Q

what are sumptuary implements?

A

objects that are not intended for use and just for asthetic

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5
Q

what is the hopewell interaction sphere?

A

a network of trade exchange that stretched from Ontario to florida

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6
Q

what are some artifacts that show the woodland period world view?

A

burial practices
visual iconography

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7
Q

what was a common belief for both pre and post contact eastern cultures?

A

they attributed primary cosmic power to sky beings imagined as predatory raptorial birds

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8
Q

where were major Mississippian sites typically located?

A

at points of a junction spot of 2 rivers or on the boarder of 2 ecological zones

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9
Q

why did the Mississippian locate there sites in the strategic places that they did?

A

so they could exploit the rich soil of the flood plains and they could control trade between regions by possessing different kind of resources

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10
Q

what are many features of mississippan art and architecture derived from?

A

woodland period cultures

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11
Q

what is the mississippan world view?

A

there was a three tier universe inhabited by powers specific to the 3 realms of:
below earth
earth
sky

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12
Q

what did the mississippan have in their political, social and spiritual structures?

A

more centralized structures of authority where classes of rulers and priests acted as intermediaries to the spirit world and common people

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13
Q

what did mississippans regard the sun as?

A

Mississippians regarded the sun as a representative of the ultimate spiritual power from which political authority and sustenance flowed

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14
Q

what was the highest social class in the natchez social class system?

A

the suns

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15
Q

who was the ruler of the natchez social class system?

A

the ruler was called the great sun and was regarded as a god

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16
Q

how did mississippans express their beliefs in the sun and its powers?

A

through annual ritual celebrations

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17
Q

where did mississippan important buildings like temples, mortuaries and houses get built?

A

on the top of mounds

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18
Q

what represented the mississippan map of the cosmos?

A

a four-directional cross surrounded by a sun image

19
Q

who did the mississsippans believe to govern the upper world?

A

the sun
sacred fire
thunderers
and the falcon

20
Q

who did the mississippans believe to govern the underworld?

A

water
the cougar
the rattlesnake
the piasa

21
Q

what was very common to be found in mississippan sites in Alabama?

A

an effigy type of pot

22
Q

what kind of forms did pottery for ritual purposes take?

A

many different shapes, shallow bowls, high neck vases and effigy pots in the form of animals and humans

23
Q

what were the great mounds at earlier woodlands sites used for?

A

to make astronomical observations that helped to determine the agricultural calendar

24
Q

what caused the the Cahokia to abandon the middle-woodland period mounds?

A

a combination of resource exhaustion and climate change

25
Q

when was the first and most extensive European expedition through the east?

A

between 1539-1543

26
Q

who lead the first and most extensive expedition through the east?

A

hernando de soto

27
Q

how much did the south eastern population decrease after hernando de sotos journey?

A

a century and a half after his journey and war with the southeastern indigenous people, their population decreased by 80%

28
Q

what 4 groups of indigenous people are confederations of remnant mississippan people?

A

creeks
muskogules
chickasaws
choctaws

29
Q

what is the green corn ceremony?

A

occurring during the full moon in July or august it is a thanksgiving for the harvest and a rite of renewal, they extinguish the central fire of chiefdom and roast green corn over it as a symbol of renewal and new life

30
Q

what are the Petra forms?

A

they are the mounds and landscape architecture in the white shell

31
Q

why is 1763 an important year?

A

this is the year the royal proclamation act was finalized

32
Q

why is 1876 an important year?

A

this is the year the Indian act was finalized

33
Q

why is 1982 an important year?

A

this is the year Canada repatriated our constitution

34
Q

why is 1867 an important year?

A

this is the year of the canadian federation

35
Q

who is Robert whoole?

A

he is an indigenous artist from sandy bay who specializes as a colourist

36
Q

what is the medicine line?

A

the Canadian and US boarder

37
Q

what is the belief surrounding art in the nations of the east?

A

that art is a form of self adornment

38
Q

what did eastern people think about ceremonial garb and body decorations?

A

they were the primary vehicles for the display of the powers acquired from guardian spirits or through the vision quest

39
Q

what is a thong tree?

A

it is a tree that is bent so it is recognizable as a marker of where to go and where not to go

40
Q

what is the alwesasne?

A

it is the mohawk nation, that resides in Ontario, Quebec and New York

41
Q

was there a lot of inter marriage between the nations in the east?

A

no

42
Q

what are 5 nations in the east?

A

haudenosaunee
Hopewell
ojibwe
mi’kmaq
Mohawk

43
Q

what was the first archeological finding in the east?

A

the Indian knoll

indigenous studies (4 decks)

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