Test 2

Question 1

Synaptic Pruning

Answer 1

A process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that aren’t used are lost

Question 2

sleep regression

Answer 2

a period of time when a baby or toddler who has been sleeping well suddenly has changes in sleep behavior for no apparent reason.

Question 3

separation anxiety

Answer 3

emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with who they formed an attachment

Question 4

teething

Answer 4

the process of the teeth pushing their way through the gums

Question 5

gross motor development

Answer 5

development of motor abilities including balance and posture as well as whole-body movements like crawling

Question 6

deferred imitation

Answer 6

the ability to remember and copy the behavior of models who are not present.

Question 7

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural theory

Answer 7

cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture.

Question 8

infinite generativity

Answer 8

the ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules

Question 9

overregularization

Answer 9

applying to grammatical rule too widely and thereby creating incorrect forms

Question 10

secondary emotions

Answer 10

blends of primary emotions; remorse, guilt, submission, and anticipation

Question 11

attachment theory

Answer 11

the idea that early attachments with parents and other caregivers can shape relationships for a person’s whole life.

Question 12

infantile amnesia

Answer 12

the inability to remember events from early childhood

Question 13

food attitudes

Answer 13

beliefs, thoughts, feelings, behavior and relationship with food

Question 14

handedness

Answer 14

preference of using one hand over another.

Question 15

the properties of piaget’s preoperational stage

Answer 15

conservation, egocentrism, and classification

Question 16

conservation (piaget)

Answer 16

the realization that properties of objects remain the same even when appearance changes

Question 17

egocentrism

Answer 17

the quality of not being able to view an object from another’s vantage point.

Question 18

classification

Answer 18

classify or divide things into different sets or subsets, and categories to consider their interrelationship. (Color, number, size, shape)

Question 19

theory of mind

Answer 19

people’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

Question 20

gender schema theory

Answer 20

the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly.

Question 21

Parenting styles: authoritarian

Answer 21

Parents impose rules and expect obedience; high control, low warmth

Question 22

cultural differences parenting styles

Answer 22

due to the difference in cultures, some lines are blurred between the different parenting styles

Question 23

myopia

Answer 23

nearsightedness

Question 24

fine motor development

Answer 24

development of motor abilities involving finely tuned movements of the hands such as grasping and manipulation objects.

Question 25

the concrete operational stage

Answer 25

in piagets theory, the stage of cognitive development (6 to 7-11 years or age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Question 26

executive function middle childhood

Answer 26

improvements in working memory and sustained attention and reflection, and a reduction in impulsive behavior

Question 27

genetics and environment in IQ

Answer 27

a child may be born with genes for high intelligence, but if that child grows up in a deprived environment where he/she is malnourished or lacks access to mental stimulation, the child may not score well on measures of IQ

Question 28

flynn effect

Answer 28

the rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations

Question 29

language development

Answer 29

the process by which children come to understand and communicate language during early childhood

Question 30

pragmatic

Answer 30

practical as opposed to idealistic

Question 31

social comparison in middle childhood

Answer 31

an important means by which children evaluate their skills, knowledge, and personal qualities.

Question 32

coregulation

Answer 32

a period in which parents and children jointly control children’s behavior

Question 33

popularity types

Answer 33

popular, rejected, neglected, controversial