Test 1

Question 1

Macrosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

Answer 1

The cultural values, economic conditions, and other forms that shape a society.
Ex: Religion

Question 2

Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Answer 2

considers how individuals come to understand themselves and the meaning of others and their own behavior

Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory
development reflect

Question 3

Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

Answer 3

development reflects the influence of five environmental systems: microsystem mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem

Question 4

Microsystems

Answer 4

elements of the person’s immediate surroundings, such as family and peer group

Question 5

Mesosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

Answer 5

The network of different relationships and settings that the individuals encounter.

Question 6

Exosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

Answer 6

The environments that indirectly influence the child.
Ex: Extended family, parents friends, mass media

Question 7

Chronosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

Answer 7

The patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as socio-historical circumstances

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 9

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

Answer 9

power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation

Question 10

Psychosexual Development (Freud)

Answer 10

series of stages children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, focuses on a particular biological function and body part

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits.

Question 12

incomplete dominance

Answer 12

A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.

Question 13

Epigenetics

Answer 13

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

Question 14

3 periods of prenatal development

Answer 14

germinal, embryonic, fetal

Question 15

germinal stage

Answer 15

the 2-week period of prenatal development that begins at conception

Question 15

malnutrition

Answer 15

lack of proper nutrition

Question 15

embryonic period

Answer 15

the period from two to eight weeks after fertilization, during which the major organs and structures of the organism develop

Question 15

fetal period

Answer 15

the time from about eight weeks after conception until the birth of the child

Question 15

Cause of Down Syndrome

Answer 15

extra copy of chromosome 21

Question 15

viability

Answer 15

Ability of the fetus to survive outside the womb

Question 15

oxytocin release

Answer 15

in labor and delivery is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism

Question 15

birth defects

Answer 15

abnormalities present at birth that cause physical or mental disability or death

Question 15

pituary gland

Answer 15

endocrine system, most important gland, regualtes growth and other glands

Question 15

amniocentesis

Answer 15

A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.

Question 15

Colostrum

Answer 15

a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest

Question 15

breech position

Answer 15

The baby’s position in the uterus that causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge from the vagina.

Question 15

Infant vision development

Answer 15

-rapid maturation of eyes & visual centers in brain
-least mature sense at birth
-newborns prefer to look at faces

Question 15

episiotomy

Answer 15

surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth

Question 15

neonatal jaundice

Answer 15

yellowish pallor common in the first few days of life due to immaturity of the liver

Question 15

Treatment for preterm babies

Answer 15

-incubators
-monitored oxygen

Question 15

colic

Answer 15

severe abdominal pain

Question 16

Neotenous features

Answer 16

Trigger a protective or caring instinct (e.g. large eyes)

Question 16

synaptic pruning

Answer 16

a process whereby the synaptic connections in the brain that are used are preserved, and those that are not used are lost

Question 16

cephalocaudal growth

Answer 16

head to toe

Question 17

binocular vision

Answer 17

the ability to focus the two eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image

Question 18

visual cliff

Answer 18

a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Question 19

Schemas

Answer 19

Concepts or mental frameworks that organize and interpret information.

Question 20

Assimilation

Answer 20

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Question 21

accomodation

Answer 21

the process by which the eye’s lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina

Question 22

Temperaments are

Answer 22

patterns of arousal and emotionality that are consistent and enduring

Question 23

sociomoral emotions

Answer 23

emotions evoked based on learned, culturally based standards of right and wrong; also called secondary emotions

Question 24

social referencing

Answer 24

reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation