Test 1 Flashcards
Macrosystem (Bronfenbrenner)
The cultural values, economic conditions, and other forms that shape a society.
Ex: Religion
Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
considers how individuals come to understand themselves and the meaning of others and their own behavior
Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory
development reflect
Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory
development reflects the influence of five environmental systems: microsystem mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem
Microsystems
elements of the person’s immediate surroundings, such as family and peer group
Mesosystem (Bronfenbrenner)
The network of different relationships and settings that the individuals encounter.
Exosystem (Bronfenbrenner)
The environments that indirectly influence the child.
Ex: Extended family, parents friends, mass media
Chronosystem (Bronfenbrenner)
The patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as socio-historical circumstances
Genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation
Psychosexual Development (Freud)
series of stages children pass through in which pleasure, or gratification, focuses on a particular biological function and body part
Phenotype
An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits.
incomplete dominance
A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental traits.
Epigenetics
the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change
3 periods of prenatal development
germinal, embryonic, fetal
germinal stage
the 2-week period of prenatal development that begins at conception
malnutrition
lack of proper nutrition
embryonic period
the period from two to eight weeks after fertilization, during which the major organs and structures of the organism develop
fetal period
the time from about eight weeks after conception until the birth of the child
Cause of Down Syndrome
extra copy of chromosome 21
viability
Ability of the fetus to survive outside the womb
oxytocin release
in labor and delivery is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism
birth defects
abnormalities present at birth that cause physical or mental disability or death
pituary gland
endocrine system, most important gland, regualtes growth and other glands
amniocentesis
A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
