Test 2

Question 1

What is an SLP?

Answer 1

Someone who diagnoses, prognoses, prescribes for or remediate speech and/or language disorder

Question 2

➢ What is a comprehensive assessment?

Answer 2

o Get info about one’s background, history, skills, knowledge, perception and feelings
o Comprehensively understand one’s processes & abilities in language, speech, cognition, feeding, swallowing, voice, fluency, hearing, oral mechanism, phonological , metaphonological awareness

Question 3

➢ What are the 2 categories of human health described by ICF?

Answer 3

o Health conditions: Body structure+ Activities+ Participation
o Contextual factors: Environmental+ Physical factors

Question 4

➢ What are the 9 main impairments?

Answer 4

o Articulation i.e. Dysarthria
o Voice & resonance i.e. Vocal folds nodules
o Fluency i.e. Stuttering
o Receptive & Expressive language i.e. language based disability
o Hearing i.e. Sensorineural hearing loss
o Swallowing i.e. Dysphagia
o Cognitive aspects of communication
o Social aspects of communication i.e. autism
o Communication modalities i.e. AAC

Question 5

➢ What are the components of the diagnostic process?

Answer 5

o Screening and referral 
o Designing assessment protocol
o Administering assessment protocol
o Interpreting assessment findings
o Develop intervention plan
o Monitor progress and treatments outcomes

Question 6

➢ What is a norm-referenced test?

Answer 6

o Answers→how does a client compare to average?
o Standardized→ reliable from person to person, from tester to tester
o Helps focus and sharpen observational skills & decide if a problem exist (reliability & validity)

Question 7

➢ What is a criterion-referenced test?

Answer 7

o Answers→ how does the client compares to an expected level of performance
o Can be standardized or not standardized
o Identifies one’s performance according to predefined criteria

Question 8

➢ What is phonological evaluation?

Answer 8

1. Obtaining speech samples:
   Continuous speech sampled/ oral reading/ single words i.e. pictures & objects
2. production: spontaneous, direct imitation, delayed imitation

Question 9

➢ Define phonetic

Answer 9

o Oral-motor/acoustic property of the sound itself

Question 10

➢ Define phonemic

Answer 10

o Identifies sound within speech system, refers to phonemes (sounds of a language); contrast and signal semantic distinctiveness

Question 11

➢ What is traditional articulation?

Answer 11

o One of the motor approach 
o Problems due to placement error
o Sound by sound
      •Assessment→SODA
      •Intervention →articulation therapy

Question 12

➢ Phonemic treatment/ minimal pairs

Answer 12

Contrast the child’s error with the target sound to eliminate homonymy and establish phonemic contrast

1. Perception (pictures –>stimulus cues)
2. Phonetic production (placement)
3. Minimal pairs ex: tea/sea
4. Minimal pairs in context (carrier sentences)

Question 13

➢ Phonological processing approach

Answer 13

o Descriptive approach which does not identify whether the process is phonetic or phonemic
o Targets sounds child uses on a consistent basis
o Treatment process to be generalized
ex:dripping sounds/flowing sounds

Question 14

➢ Phonetic treatment approach/minimal pair

Answer 14

o Teaches the motor movement requisite to a particular sound using principles of motor skills learning
i.e. Stimulability (visual +audio= target sound)

Question 15

➢ Representation based approach:

Answer 15

o Auditory perception+ phonetic practice+ phonemic contrast in client’s treatment
•Phoneme perception+ phonetic training: Stimulability
•Phonemic treatments+ minimal pairs: phonemic contrast
•Phonetic transfer: target sentences+ conversation+ narration

Question 16

➢ Purposes of comprehensive communicative assessment

Answer 16

o Identify specific communication skills
o Guide intervention design
o Monitor growth and progress
o Qualify a person for special services

Question 17

➢ Application of comprehensive communicative assessment

Answer 17

o Identify the presence and absence of a disorder
o Identify goals and strategies to meet
o Monitor progress toward therapy outcome

Question 18

➢ Traditional articulation? (Hodson)

Answer 18

o Perceptual ear training→ identification+ Isolation+ Stimulation+ discrimination
o Production training→ increased length and complexity of response

Question 19

➢ Traditional or Phonological?

Answer 19

o Traditional approaches(motor) focus on individual sound learning
Emphasis is on placement and sound production accuracy
o Phonological approaches(linguistic) focus on system-wide change
Emphasis is on generalization and system shifting

Question 20

Sequencing of Therapy Targets

Answer 20

Task Mode
Imitation
Imitation + cues (1-5) 90% then fade the cues in the order they came (/i/+c2-5; /i/+c3-5;/i/+c4-5; /i/+c5, until the monokinestetic and tactile fade, and the cue is more verbal
Cue/prompt

Spontaneous

Question 21

➢ Motor approach

Answer 21

Teaching how to physically make a sound. Therapy is based on the phonetic or physical aspect of sounds. Problems due to placement errors, Treated on sound-by-sound basis.

Question 22

➢ Linguistic approach:

Answer 22

Client has partial/incomplete knowledge of the phonological system. Therapy needed to restructure phonological system.