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Speech Sound Disorders > Test 1 vocab > Flashcards

Test 1 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Allophones

A

Variant of phoneme in a particular language; often very similar to one another (aspirated/unaspirated p)

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2
Q

Alveolar:

A

Consonant produced at the alveolar ridge behind upper teeth (i.e. /l/)

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3
Q

Amplification

A

process used to increase the intensity of sound

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4
Q

Apraxia

A

motor difficulty particularly involving consonant sequence →suspected childhood apraxia of speech

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5
Q

Articulation

A

Movements of the speech production mechanism to produce speech sounds

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6
Q

Coarticulation:

A

The related overlapping articulatory influences that occur as sounds are produced

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7
Q

Assimilation

A

A sound change in which one sound is influenced by another and changes to become identical to it

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8
Q

Cognates

A

Consonant sounds that differ from each other only by voicing; place and manner of articulation are the same

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9
Q

Consonants

A

A sound that is produced by a partially or completely constricted vocal cord

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10
Q

Dental

A

A consonant sound produced with contact of the tongue and teeth

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11
Q

Diacritics

A

Special marks used with the symbols of the IPA to add more details to phonetic transcriptions

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12
Q

Dialect

A

A variety of a language spoken by a group

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13
Q

Diphthongs

A

2 vowels produced consecutively in the same syllable by moving the articulators smoothly from one position to the other so that together they serve as the nucleus of the syllables

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14
Q

Distinctive Features/Binary:

A

A universal set of phonetic characteristics that differentiate speech sounds. Each phoneme differs from all others by at least one distinctive feature

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15
Q

Distortions

A

Deviation in production that is non phonemic i.e. lisp

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16
Q

Graphemes

A

Written or printed letters that may or may not correspond to phonemes

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17
Q

Digraphs

A

2 letters yielding one sound i.e. sh

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18
Q

Idiolect

A

Speech that is characteristic of a single individual

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19
Q

Intelligibility

A

The degree to which others can understand a person’s speech

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20
Q

IPA

A

International Phonetic Alphabet→symbols that have been assigned for each phoneme across all the world’s language

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21
Q

Labial

A

Sound produced with the lips (bilabial & labiodental), one of the articulator nodes in geometry

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22
Q

Lisp

A

frontal, interdental, lateral; occur within mild and moderate severities distortions

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23
Q

Metaphonology/ Phonological Awareness

A

reflecting on and understanding aspects of phonetics/phonology independent of meaning→ important for literacy acquisition in English

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24
Q

Minimal Pairs

A

Words that differ by one phoneme i.e. bit & hit

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25
Q

Morpheme:

A

Minimal meaningful linguistic unit, may involve more than one phoneme

26
Q

Nucleus [of syllable]:

A

The loudest part of a syllable, usually a vowel, although sometimes a syllabic consonant

27
Q

Obstruents:

A

Consonant made with the vocal tract airflow partially or totally impeded (stops, fricatives & affricates)

28
Q

Orthography

A

The writing and spelling system of a language

29
Q

Phone

A

A single speech sound produced by a speaker, may not be meaningful

30
Q

Phoneme

A

One of a group of similar speech sounds that are perceived within the same language as being the same; differentiate meaning in a language i.e. know that cat →/k/ /æ/ /t/

31
Q

Phonetic/Phonemic Repertoire

A

All of the speech sounds that an individual produces

32
Q

Phonetics—Acoustic & Physiological

A

The scientific study of speech sounds, their form, substance, and perception, and the application of this study to an understanding and improvement of linguistic expression

33
Q

Phonology

A

Sound system of a language and the study of sound system

34
Q

Phonological Patterns/Deviations

A

Accepted grouping of sounds within an oral language (i.e. consonant clusters, strident); what a child needs to produce to be understood

35
Q

Phonotactics:

A

Rules of a language specifying where sounds can occur (in words or syllables) and how sounds can be combined in that language

36
Q

Place of Articulation

A

The major point of contact or near contact of the active and passive articulators when producing a speech sound

37
Q

Prelinguistic

A

Vocalizations prior to the first true words

38
Q

Linguistic

A

The period of language use that occurs once true words are spoken

39
Q

Protowords

A

Consistent sounds patterns produced by young children that are semantically similar but may not be modeled after adult words, child’s first meaningful vocal production

40
Q

Prosody/Suprasegmentals

A

Aspects such as stress and tone that extend over more than one segment

41
Q

Sibilants

A

Consonants that are produced with mid-to-high frequency turbulence

42
Q

Stridents

A

Fricatives and affricates characterized by considerable turbulence caused by forceful airflow striking the back of the teeth, includes sibilants /f/ and /v/

43
Q

Sonorants

A

Sounds produced with relatively unobstructed vocal tract →vowels, diphthongs, nasals, liquids and glides

44
Q

Speech Perception

A

Identification of the vowels and consonants of a language, largely from auditory cues.

45
Q

Stimulability

A

The ability of a child to produce sound (not pronounced spontaneously) following a model and, if necessary with additional assists i.e. tactile cues, amplifications

46
Q

Stimulable

A

Sound that can be produced after cuing i.e. imitating a model

47
Q

Stimulate/Stimulation

A

To provide assist to help an individual learn to produce a sound/pattern

48
Q

Successive Approximations

A

Gradual progressions in productions toward the desired target

49
Q

Syllable

A

Smallest unit of speech production, requires vowel, diphthong or syllabic consonant

50
Q

Syllabic Consonants

A

Consonant that serves as syllable nuclei (/m/,/n/, /l/ without a vowel n the syllable)

51
Q

Tactile Cues

A

Touch cues to stimulate appropriate placement or manner production i.e. touch tongue

52
Q

Transcription

A

Broad/Phonemic: virgule; A pair of backslash marks (//) used to denote distinctive speech sound
Narrow/Phonetic: Brackets

53
Q

Velopharyngeal Port

A

Those structure (soft palate, uvula, and pharyngeal wall) that open and close the connection between the oral and nasal cavities.

54
Q

Vocables

A

Vocalizations that have some phonetic consistency but do not have stable sound or meaning

55
Q

Vocalizations

A

Infants early vocalizations (prelinguistic) that do not appear to be based on the adult language or to be used in a meaningful way

56
Q

Voiced

A

A type of sound produced with vibration of the adducted vocal fold in the larynx

57
Q

Voiceless

A

Sound produced without vibration of the adducted vocal folds

58
Q

Vowels

A

Speech sounds produced with unobstructed vocal tract

59
Q

“Matthew Effects”

A

Stanovich compared achievement levels of children who are poor beginning readers with their peers who have good decoding skills and noted that the gap widens over time
-rich gets richer and the poor poorer

60
Q

Severity Continuum

A

distortions at all levels, but mostly in mild/moderate assimilation common in severe/profound

61
Q

Distortion

A
  • Mild→ omissions rare, substitution few

* Moderate → omission some, substitution some

62
Q

Assimilation

A
  • Severe→omission many substitution extensive

* Profound→omission extensive, substation many

Speech Sound Disorders (7 decks)

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