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kin 2501 > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Discovery of New World- Native americans playing sports

A

1500’s

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2
Q

Settling the New World

A

1600’s

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3
Q

Colonies fight for independence/expansion

A

1700’s

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4
Q

Era of Good Feeling

A

1800’s

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5
Q

Colonial period

A

New England Colonies

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6
Q

Sports, Physical Education and Dance- Associated with religious ceremonies, festive celebrations and social relaxation

A
  • Prominent in the life of Native Americans
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7
Q

Most popular sport was

A

baggataway (lax)

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8
Q

serves as a source of motivation and pride, preparation for war, pursuit of game animals and delivery of messages

A

footraces

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9
Q

Kicking a ball for 25 miles

A

footraces

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10
Q

women played this- similar to field hockey

A

Shinny

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11
Q

pulling a stick over frozen lakes

A

Snow Snake

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12
Q

Came in search of new life, adventure and religious freedom

A

Massachusetts (Pilgrims)

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13
Q

Puritan Work Ethic

A

all work no play, sunday was idle day

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14
Q

who followed a puritan work ethic

A
  • Massachusetts (Pilgrims)
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15
Q

Prohibited sporting activities such as sledding, football, dancing, swimming, ninepins, shuffleboard

A

Massachusetts (Pilgrims)

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16
Q

Strong desire to set up schools

A

Massachusetts (Pilgrims)

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17
Q

1st public school (massachusetts)

A

Boston Latin School

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18
Q

First university

A

Harvard

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19
Q

Absolutely no Sunday amusements and Games for children had moral teachings

A

Massachusetts (Pilgrims)

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20
Q

were a major social center in Massachusetts

A

Taverns

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21
Q

led by dutch and german

A

New York (New Amsterdam)

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22
Q

Came to the New World with a strong commercial spirit – wealth seekers

A

New York (New Amsterdam)

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23
Q

Good food, drink & gambling – lots of festivals!

A

New York (New Amsterdam)

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24
Q

Bowling (ninepins), tennis, cricket, horseracing, ice skating

A

New York (New Amsterdam)

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25
Q

○ Had a strong family and community values as well as frugality and diligence
○ Set an early precedent for sport

A

New York (New Amsterdam)

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26
Q

Came in search of religious freedom

A

Pennsylvania

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27
Q

Quakers: Society of Friends (William Penn)

A

Pennsylvania

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28
Q

Quakers was owned by

A

William Penn

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29
Q

This territory welcomed settlers from several European countries (Sweden, Germany, France, Scotland, Ireland)

A

Pennsylvania

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30
Q

education of youth
- Wrote 2 books

A

Ben Franklin

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31
Q

Peace loving - ice skate, swim, hunt & fish

A

Pennsylvania

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32
Q

Economic opportunity rather than for religious freedom

A

Virginia

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33
Q

Tobacco main crop

A

Virginia

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34
Q

was most popular sport in Virginia

A

Horse racing

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35
Q

Physical activity embraced

A

Virginia

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36
Q

African slaves provided labor & were jockeys and boxers

A

Virginia

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37
Q
  • Popular activities: foxhunting, horse racing, hunting, fishing, rowing, cock fighting, boxing, shooting matches, and dancing
    ○ Strongly influenced by the english
A

Virginia

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38
Q

These were the American version of English pubs, German beer halls and European inns.

A

taverns/ inns

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39
Q

American boxers were called [ ] – strongly influenced by the English; matches staged by slave owners

A

“pugilists”

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40
Q

Matches were between slaves of one land to another

A

“pugilists”

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41
Q

1st well known pugilist

A

Tom Molineaux

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42
Q

1st great american boxed

A

Tom Molineaux

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43
Q

○ Born a slave in 1784; won his freedom by fighting in 1809 (25 years old) but only if he won
○ He left for England and under Bill Richmond’s tutelage began serious training.
○ The British fighters often used adopted false names so that losses would not be so embarrassing.
○ Only ended when one fighter gave up

A

Tom Molineaux

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44
Q

Who did Tom Molineaux train under

A

Bill Richmond

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45
Q

Molineaux went to England in 1810 to fight the British champion [ ]

A

Tom Cribb

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46
Q

the world heavyweight champion in front of more than 20,000 fans. Billed as the “fight of the century.

A

Tom Cribb

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47
Q

The Era of Good Feeling

A

1800 to 1860

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48
Q

track and field was called

A

athletics

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49
Q

amateur sports were

A

rowing and boxing

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50
Q

ball games consisted of

A

cricket, baseball, football

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51
Q

Popular in established cities
Gambling made it controversial
Banned in many northern cities
Became more popular in the south
Rich horse owners
**Importing/breeding/training of horses for racing
Slave jockeys & trainers

A

Horse racing

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52
Q

Opened a national race horse in

A

washington DC

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53
Q

Even though legal before 1823, horse racing did not capture the hearts of Americans until the famous 1823 race between

A

Eclipse (North) and Sir Henry (South).

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54
Q

[ ] became popular when horse racing declined in the 1830’s (many people owned trotters while only the wealthy could afford thoroughbred racehorses).

A

Harness racing (or trotting)

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55
Q

horse racers used to run [ ] mile heats

A

4

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56
Q

Sir henry lost to

A

eclipse

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57
Q
  • Greatest rider in American thoroughbred horse racing
  • hand rider rather than a whip rider
  • 1st victory in 1875; in 1884, won six races on four different horses, including the Kentucky Derby; in 1890, became the first rider to win three Kentucky Derbies
A

Isaac Murphy

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58
Q

died of heart failure in 1896 at age 35

A

Isaac Murphy

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59
Q

Latter part of 19th century, [ ] was both a popular pastime and a serious competitive sport

A

cycling

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60
Q

The first “superstar” of cycling

A

Marshall (Major) Taylor

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61
Q

educated on plantation, had a bicycle, performing stunts on it

A

Marshall (Major) Taylor

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62
Q

Moved from Indianapolis to Massachusetts because of racism when he was 17; however, the League of American Wheelmen (LAW) enacted a “whites only” rule – membership

A

Marshall (Major) Taylor

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63
Q

Story of how he had to race!–> had to race from start to finish in order to not be hit off his bike

A

Marshall (Major) Taylor

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64
Q

[ ] created baseball in 1839 in Cooperstown, NY – this story was created by Albert Spalding (former major league pitcher and sporting goods magnate)

A

Abner Doubleday

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65
Q

[ ] thought baseball should have an American pedigree and this would ultimately help his profit in his sporting goods store.

A

Spalding

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66
Q

1791 law in Pittsfield, MA prohibiting baseball within [ ] of town hall

A

80 yards

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67
Q

Establish rules for play
Moved their field to the Elysian Fields in Hoboken, NJ
Begins play as an “organized club”

A

Alexander Cartwright and his friends “The Knickerbockers”

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68
Q

Rules Alexander Cartwright and the Knickerbockers

A

Rules included:
* 9 players on the field
* Bases 90 feet apart
* Game consisted of 21 counts (outs)
with change after 3 outs
* Ball must be “pitched for the bat”

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69
Q

site of 1st organized baseball game

A

Elysian Fields

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70
Q

Teams form throughout NJ area
Adult recreational sport for “gentlemen”
1858: Games between “all star” teams (admission charged)

A

Players ran the league (no owners).
People began to pay to see

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71
Q

Prior to the Civil War: Baseball

A
  • Known mostly in New England
    Played by “gentlemen”
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72
Q

During the Civil War: Baseball

A
  • Played by soldiers in both Union and Confederate Armies
    Spontaneous games to pass time and some documented games between companies/regiments.
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73
Q

As a result of the Civil War: Baseball

A
  • Was spread across the country
  • Was spread to be played by all social classes (not only “gentlemen”)
    Become recognized as “The National Pastime”
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74
Q

physically and socially

A

Reconstruction

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75
Q

electricity, telephone, printing press, radio, moving pictures

A

technology

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76
Q

Comes from a black face character who performed song and dance (derogatory)

A

Jim Crow Laws

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77
Q

Plessy vs. Ferguson

A

○ Homer Plessy sat in a white only train car
○ Ferguson put him in jail for 20 days
□ Plessy went to LA supreme court
□ Plessy then went to US supreme court
- Separate but equal

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78
Q

Baseball spread by [ ] during Civil War

A

soldiers

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79
Q

baseball was called [ ] after the civil war

A

the national pastime

80
Q

An American professional baseball catcher who is credited with being one of the first black men to play in the MLB

A

Moses Fleetwood Walker

81
Q

Walker played in the minor leagues until 1889, and was the last African-American to participate on the major league level before [ ] broke baseball color barrier in 1947.

A

Jackie Robinson

82
Q

he became a successful businessman and inventor after his baseball career

A

Moses Fleetwood Walker

83
Q

In 1871, National Association of Professional Base Ball Clubs is formed; became [ ] in 1876

A

National League

84
Q

responsible for getting sport league of owned teams together; wanted to make money; signed players to contracts; had teams in the larger cities (philly, St. louis, NY); required a membership fee and rules if you forfeit a game, you are out of the league

A

W.A. Hulbert & A.G. Spalding

85
Q

Tried to “clean up professional baseball”

A

WA Hulbert and AG Spalding

86
Q

In 1882, American Association of Base Ball Clubs is formed; [ ] in 1901

A

American League

87
Q

Difference between American League and National League

A

American League was a rougher, wilder league

88
Q

Ned Cuthbert ran from 1st to 2nd without waiting for the batter to get a hit in 1863

A

Deadball era

89
Q

Pitching changes in Deadball era

A
  • Underhand pitching to make the batter miss
  • Overhand pitching
90
Q

threw the first curve ball

A

Candy Cummings

91
Q

[ ] were not a part of the strategy in the deadball era

A

Bunts

92
Q

Nicknamed the “Georgia Peach”

A

Ty Cobb

93
Q

○ Defined the rough and tumble style of play
○ Baseball’s meanest player
○ Best of the Dead Ball Era

A

Ty Cobb

94
Q

Denton True (real name)

A

Cy Young

95
Q

○ Pitched for 5 different teams
In 1956, annual award created voted to most effective pitcher in each of the two leagues

A

Cy Young

96
Q

Cy Young was nicknamed [ ] because of the speed of his fastball.

A

Cyclone “Cy”

97
Q

Major concern of 19th century Americans was

A

health

98
Q

Before then the physicians were the [ ]

A

physical educators

99
Q

Foundation of the attitudes toward health was: “mens sana in corpore sano” translated as

A

“ a healthy mind resides in a healthy body”

100
Q

immigrants>Turnverein >Jahn

A

Charles Follen and charles beck

101
Q

created Harvard’s 1st gym

A

Charles Follen

102
Q

Created round hill school

A

charles beck

103
Q

Round Hill School, - Northhampton, MA, 1823
Fitness-based rationale
- Charles Beck (hired to teach Latin & gymnastics)

A

The start of school Physical Education

104
Q

German immigrants in Mass and NY bring gymnastics/volksturnen to the US, form exercise groups

A

“Turner Societies”

105
Q

Charles Follen Follower of Jahn and friend of Beck
- Hired to teach German at Harvard
- Opens turnplatz there, introduces German Gymnastics to Harvard students
- Boston opens first public gymnasium in US, hires Follen to run it

A

Gymnastics in colleges and public gymnasiums

106
Q

□ Young men’s christian association
1st that began to train physical educators

A

YMCA Training School (Springfeild, MA)

107
Q

□ Womens college to tulane
Beginning to specific kinds of training

A

Newcomb College (Tulane University)

108
Q

Colleges/Universities get into the business of training PE teachers (shift away from liberal arts)

A

YMCA Training School (Springfield, MA)and Newcomb College (Tulane University)

109
Q

The first “PE leaders/thinkers emerge”

A

Dudley Sargent and William Anderson

110
Q

designs strength training equipment, founds “Harvard Fatigue Lab”)

A

Dudley Sargent

111
Q

organizes meeting of college PE faculty to discuss the “Battle of the Systems”

A

William Anderson, M.D. in 1885

112
Q

□ Owned his own school
□ Implementing this own training into his school
□ Recruited by harvard to head their physical education department

A

Dudley Sargent

113
Q

□ Director of “Harvard Fatigue Lab”
First exercise physiology lab

A

Dudley Sargent

114
Q

Father of Exercise Physiology

A

Dudley Sargent

115
Q

Director of school

A

William Anderson

116
Q

Organizes meeting for physical education faculty

A

William Anderson

117
Q

□ Forms association AFORD
- Changes to SHAPE
Still alive today Maintained mission and growth

A

William Anderson

118
Q

□ Director of another school
□ Hosted a conference - to share ideas
Debated different philosophers and what pe programs should look like for different ages

A

Amy Morris Homans

119
Q

Society views discouraged [ ] from participating in physical education

A

women

120
Q

Clothing women wore restricted movement
- Couldn’t show arm, had to wear skirts

A

women in athletics

121
Q

Exercise (vigorous activity) would have negative impacts on [ ] for women

A

fertility

122
Q

sports appropriate for women

A

croquet, doubles tennis

123
Q

§ Teacher at colleges for women (female seminaries)–> Teaches her students calisthenics
□ Jumping jacks, squats, running in place

A

Catherine Beecher

124
Q

Promotes exercise for women
Connects exercise to religious responsibility
She took up exercises because she had health problems
Physician told her to and it changed her life

A

Catherine Beecher

125
Q

Became advocate of exercise for women

A

Catherine Beecher

126
Q

Very first philosophy people had toward fitness
Changed over years

A

Catherine Beecher

127
Q

Another seminary
Included daily walking into the routine
Exercise was a religious responsibility (Leon and Beecher)

A

Mary Leon

128
Q

Responsible for popularizing the dance movement

A

Margret H’doubler

129
Q

Appeal to youth through sport and exercise

A

YMCA

130
Q

§ Through exercise and sport, youth can learn values, and hear
□ You can still learn values through sport and physical activities today
□ Teamwork, discipline, cooperation

A

YMCA

131
Q

Public speaker, fitness promoter, exercise leader
Exercise classes using beanbags, dumbbells, calisthenics
1861: Opens “Boston Normal Institute for PE” (Boston)
(preparation of 1st PE teachers)

A

Dio Lewis (homeopathic physician)

132
Q

Department of Hygiene and Physical Education
Edward Hitchcock, MD as first faculty member

A

Amherst College (MA)

133
Q

no person could be excluded from any program receiving federal money

A

Title IX - 1972

134
Q

PE made available to every child regardless of disability

A

PL 94-142 - 1975

135
Q

USOC create programs for disabled

A

Amateur Sports Act - 1978

136
Q

Muscular Christianity

A

YMCA

137
Q

Had the vision to make american land National parks to preserve them for centuries
-College football just started up during his presidency
- Lots of death and injuries
-Got people together to make football safer

A

President Theodore Roosevelt

138
Q

1st employee of Amherst COllege

A

Edward Hitckcock MD

139
Q

Youth programs with Educators and religious leaders supported health and social values

A

YMCA’s , Boys club , Pee Wee

140
Q

Youth programs with Educators and religious leaders supported health and social values

A

YMCA’s , Boys club , Pee Wee

141
Q

1st ever football game

A

Princeton vs. Rutgers (1869)

142
Q

football Teams were called

A

“campus clubs”

143
Q

Father of American Football

A

Walter Camp

144
Q

how many players used to be on a football team

A

25

145
Q

how many players are on a football team now

A

11

146
Q

Marking the field

A

Grid Iron

147
Q

one big thing about football rules

A

no passing ball

148
Q

Flying wedge strategy

A

hitting as hard as you can

149
Q

Baseball originated in [ ], but it was more recreational before college/pro

A

New york

150
Q

Football originates in [ ]and then spreads out to pro/youth sports

A

colleges

151
Q

1st association of football

A

Intercollegiate association for football (4 years after 1st game)

152
Q

1st big rivalry in football

A

Harvard vs Yale

153
Q

faculty coach became obsolete fairly quickly

A

Mens athletics

154
Q

LSU coach taught Kinesiology and coached women’s basketball and volleyball

A

Women’s athletics

155
Q

1st college athletic conference

A

League of IV

156
Q

1st bowl game

A

Rose Bowl (1902)

157
Q

President Theodore Roosevelt intervened in football in

A

1906

158
Q

urged to examine football and make changes, money-making potential

A

Meeting of universities with FB (1906)

159
Q

Intercollegiate Athletic Association formed in 1906 becomes the

A

NCAA (1910)

160
Q

eally good recruiter, started a national T&F field at Notre Dame

A

Amos Alonzo Stagg-

161
Q

risky pass bc if touched and not caught it would be a fumble, if dropped it would be an immediate turnover

A

Forward pass

162
Q

why was passing not used much

A

“fat” football was hard to throw and it was a high risk play

163
Q

if you drop pass it is

A

incomplete pass

164
Q

if you drop ball it is a

A

fumble

165
Q

if you kick ball it is a

A

turnover

166
Q

football is established as the

A

college sport

167
Q

[ ] becomes America’s team

A

Notre Dame

168
Q

travels across the US to play and promotes Notre Dame via the press

A

Knute Rockne

169
Q

American Professional Football League forms in

A

1920

170
Q

was a big name, ppl knew him, legitimizes professional football

A

Jim Thorpe

171
Q

George Halas buys Decatur team, moves it to Chicago

A

Harold “Red” Grange (The Galloping Ghost)

172
Q

what is so significant about Harold “Red” Grange (The Galloping Ghost))

A

-Stars at University of Illinois; best known college player of the time
-Signs with Bears
-Barnstorming tour; Grange gets ½ of the gate
-Thousands attend
-Pro FB legitimized

173
Q

organized first tournament

A

James Dwight

174
Q

Father of American Tennis

A

James Dwight

175
Q

Davis cup is named after

A

Dwight Davis

176
Q

an american tennis player who created the challenge with the Davis cup

A

Dwight Davis

177
Q

french called tennis

A

tenez

178
Q

where did french play tennis

A

inside

179
Q

brought tennis to America in 1874

A

Mary Outerbridge

180
Q

who invented basketball

A

James Naismith

181
Q

when was basketball created

A

1891

182
Q

what were the baskets used for basketball

A

peach baskets

183
Q

how many ppl used to play basketball

A

9 on each team

184
Q

how long was a basketball game

A

2 15 minute halves

185
Q

if ball went out of bounds, who got it

A

whoever went and got it

186
Q

Introduced basketball to women and modified rules
3 zones
6 or 9 players on a team
Stealing not allowed

A

Senda Berenson, Smith College

187
Q

netting that extended from ceiling that kept ball in play

A

cagers

188
Q

how was basketball spread

A

How the game was spread:
(1) Visitors to YMCA Training School
(2) YMCA Newsletter
(3) YMCA graduates

189
Q

the 2nd sport of YMCA

A

volleyball

190
Q

when was volleyball founded

A

1895

191
Q

who founded volleyball

A

William Morgan, Holyoke MA YMCA

192
Q

what was volleyball called

A

Minonette (or mintonette)

193
Q

how tall was the volleyball net

A

6’6” net

194
Q

who invented the set and spike

A

Philippines

195
Q

The Filipinos developed the “bomba” or kill, and called the hitter a [ ]

A

“bomberino”

196
Q

who introduced Smith College to basketball

A

Senda Berenson

197
Q

was there a limit on how many hits volleyball could hit before they hit it over

A

no

kin 2501 (3 decks)

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