Test 2 Flashcards
social anxiety disorder
intense fear of being scrutinized or of doing something embarrassing in front of others, self-conscious in social situations, social situations are avoided or experienced in fear and anxiety
specific phobia
excessive fear of specific objects or situations, intense fear or panic attacks induced by exposure, object or situation is avoided or experienced with great anxiety, not unusual to have more than one phobia
agoraphobia
anxiety or panic in situations where escape is difficult or embarrassing. Situations nearly always produce panic and are avoided. intense fear of at least two of the following: being outside of the home alone, traveling via public transportation, being in open spaces, being in stores or theaters, standing in line or being in a crowd. Individuals who have this often have anxiety sensitivity (misinterpreting and overreacting to normal physiological changes)
panic disorder
recurrent and unexpected intense attacks of fear or terror. Also includes worry about future panic attacks and changes in behavior designed to avoid another panic attack. can occur with or without agoraphobia. Attacks cause strong physiological reactions and occur without warning.
generalized anxiety disorder
persistent, high levels of anxiety and excessive hard to control worry over life circumstances. Physical symptoms: restless or tense feeling. For diagnosis symptoms must be present for the majority of days for at least six months and cause significant distress/impairment in life activities
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
having obsessions being persistent, anxiety producing thoughts or images and compulsions that an overwhelming need to engage in activities or mental acts to lessen anxiety or prevent a dreaded event. Symptoms for diagnosis: inability to control the thoughts or behaviors, repeated disturbing thoughts/impulses, brief relief after performing the behaviors
Adjustment Disorder
difficulty adjusting to a specific life stressor. Reactions are disproportionate to the severity of the situation. For diagnosis: exposure to a specific stressor resulting in symptoms that occur within three months following the event. Emotional and behavioral symptoms disproportionate to stressor & causing significant impairment in life activities, symptoms last no longer 6 months after stressor occurred
Acute stress disorder
direct/indirect exposure to traumatic stressor involving actual/threatened death, serious injury, sexual violence. (9 or more symptoms) including intrusive memories, avoidance of reminders, negative thoughts/emotions, heightened arousal, dissociation or inability to remember details. Disturbance persists for 3 days-1 month following the trauma
Post traumatic stress disorder
direct/indirect exposure to traumatic stressor involving actual/threatened death, serious injury, sexual violence. (1 or 2 symptoms) involving intrusive memories, avoidance of reminders, negative thoughts/emotions, heightened arousal & hypervigilance, symptoms present for at least one month
Somatic Symptom Disorder
at least one physical or bodily symptom and one of these: persistent thoughts, high anxiety, excessive time devoted to symptoms, occurring for at least six months. Catastrophic thoughts surrounding the health issue
Conversion Disorder
motor or sensory disturbances, symptoms incompatible with medical findings
Factitious Disorder
physical/mental symptoms fabricated or induced on oneself or others, presents self or others as ill or or injured, have an absence of external rewards for illness, may seek out many physicians or become angered when illness/injury is questioned
Illness anxiety disorder
preoccupation with health and excessive worry about serious illness, none/little somatic symptoms, excessive health anxiety, repeatedly checks for signs of illness or avoids medical contact fearing their illness will be confirmed
Depersonalization/derealization disorder
persistent changes in perception and detachment from one’s own thoughts and body, may feel things or unreal or have a sense of being in a dreamlike state, intact reality testing
Dissociative Identity Disorder
identity disrupted by two or more distinct personality states or by the experience of possession; altered behavior, mood, sense of self, memories, emotions, cognitions, and perceptions; frequent gap in memory of everyday events or inability to recall important personal info
Dissociative Fugue
sudden confusion, wondering to new area with inability to recall one’s past and confusion about their identity
Dissociative Amnesia
sudden inability to recall information of specific events or details about one’s identity or life - results from a traumatic event or stress
Major Depressive Disorder
- at least one depressive episode (2 week duration), no history of mania or hypomania
Persistent Depressive disorder
depressive mood that has lasted at least 2 years with no more than two months symptom free
Bipolar I
at least one weeklong manic episode, mixed features or depressive episodes are common but not required for diagnosis, possible psychotic features
Bipolar II
at least one major depressive episode, at least one hypomanic episode, no history of mania
Cyclothymic Disorder
periods with milder hypomanic symptoms alternating with mild depression for at least two years ( no more than 2 months symptom free), symptoms have never met criteria for hypomanic, manic, or major depressive episode
depersonalization
feeling detached from one’s body or thoughts
derealization
a persistent sense of unreality
Mania
period of more pronounced mood change involving exaggerated activity levels and emotionality significantly impairing normal functioning
Hypomania
increased levels of activity or energy with a self-important, expansive mood or irritable, agitated mood
Rapid Cycling (Bipolar disorders)
pattern of four or more mood episodes per year, can be triggered by sleep deprivation and certain antidepressants
Coronary heart disease
depression, stress, and difficult live events increase risk as much as
smoking. Stress also affects the heart rhythm. Mental stress can lead to ventricular tachycardias
Hypertension
chronic stress can lead to hypertension
tension headaches
tension headaches are directly linked to stress
causing prolonged contraction of scalp and neck muscles leading to vascular constriction
Cluster headaches
may lead to more stress due to the severe pain and physical symptoms, a
study has found that it makes some sufferers suicidal due to the severe effects.
Asthma
stress and/or anxiety aggravate the inflammation in the lungs
What are the Faulty thinking patterns proposed by Beck? (or thinking errors).
Arbitrary inference
Personalization
Overgeneralization
Magnification/exaggeration
Polarized thinking
Selective abstraction