Test 2 Flashcards

Question

Diet of Speyer II

Answer 1

1529 Persecutions of anabaptists were carried out in both Protestant and Catholic lands.

Answer 2

1490-1527 Wrote the Schleitheim Confession Martyred in May 1527 with his wife. Not violent (anabaptist virtue) - he was meek and humble Killed in a nasty way Seen as a dangerous radical because of his rejection of civil government

Answer 3

1495 - 1543/44 End time about to happen Radical in an extreme way Engaged in itinerant preaching. No theological training. Claimed inspiration of the Holy Spirit. Followers: Melchiorites. Jesus would come back to Strassburg in 1533. Suspension of rebaptism until Jesus returned. Imprisoned in Strassburg and died.

Answer 4

1533-1535 Melchiorite kingdom Jan Mathys and Jan Bockelson Munster was divided among competing groups but held together by a kind of tolerance. Mathys and Bockleson decided Jesus would come back to Munster. Rebaptism became a badge of loyalty to this kingdom. Preached to destroy people who disagreed Government and society were one phenomenon

Answer 5

Catholics laid seige. Mathys was killed after believing the Holy Spirit would help him defeat the enemy Bockelson took over control; declared polygamy to be the rule of God, made himself a king. Famine took its toll. Munsterites told Catholics the weakness. Bockelson killed, his body with two of his cohort's bodies in cages.

Answer 6

1496-1561 Reforming anabaptist ideology after Munster disaster Governments to be obeyed; oaths still not ok Christians should never use the sword Only proper Christian discipline was the ban - in love, as a type of penance, for the purpose of receiving the person back Followers called Mennonites.

Answer 7

Separation of church/state Denounced war True church based upon personal experience. - believer's baptism - Possession of the Holy Spirit, quickening of moral conscience. Committed to returning to pre-Constantine church Lay leadership (vs. clergy)

Answer 8

England's hostility to the Avignon papacy during 100 year war with France limited papal appointments and provisions for vacant benefices in England

Answer 9

England's hostility to the Avignon papacy during 100 year war with France threatened forfeiture of land and goods of any one who introduced papal bulls against English bishops

Answer 10

Edict issued by pope (discipline, church management, appointment)

Answer 11

Written during Avignon papacy Pope John XXII Primacy of the ruler over the church. State is the only source of peace and civilized life. The state derives its authority from the whole people. The church has no rights, property, or jurisdiction of its own; rather these are delegated to it by the state The church’s only concern is the afterlife.

Answer 12

Marsilius of Padua’s Defensor pacis

Answer 13

Statutes of Provisors Statutes of Praemunire

Answer 14

Catherine of Aragon (aunt of Emperor Charles V) No male heir; Mary Tudor Had been married to Henry's brother for a few months, who died Arranged marriage, special permission from pope because of married brother's wife in Leviticus An official annulment was important to ensure the legitimacy of the male heir. Charles V did not want stable English rule Pope was under control of Charles V Pope was unable and unwilling to annul Pope said for case to be tried in English papal courts Henry thought the (very powerful) Cardinal Wosley would be able to secure the annulment. When he was unable to, he fell from the king's favor. Found a new set of advisors: Thomas More (Lord Chancellor), Thomas Cranmer (future archbishop of Canterbury-resolute Catholic and disliked), Thomas Cronwell (a lawyer-star of Henry's show).

Answer 15

1532-1536 Called by Henry VII Presented his case as a victim of papal policies By drawing Parliament along every step of the way, Henry received legal and public sanction for his eventual situation.

Answer 16

Beginning 1532 Three goals or stages: 1) curtailment of the legislative power of the church in England 2) setting of barriers to Rome 3) requirement of loyalty to the crown

Answer 17

1532 Curtailment of ecclesiastical legislative power. 1. The king wanted to control ecclesiastical law (e.g. his divorce). 2. Parliament wanted England to be free from the practices of the ecclesiastical courts: delays, exorbitant fees, and subtleties of accusations of heresies. 3. Parliament declared its grievances against the bishops. 4. The bishops responded with an appeal to the king to protect the church from its detractors in the Parliament. 5. Henry, with the help of Cromwell, obtained the Submission of the Clergy, which placed control of ecclesiastical courts and legislation in the hands of the king. 6. Thomas More resigned as Chancellor bc he saw a direct assault on the papal authority

Answer 18

1533-1534 Barriers to Rome 1. Thomas Cranmer was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury. 2. Act in Restraint of Appeals: England was declared an empire, a sovereign state. 3. The king owes no submission to any other ruler, i.e., the pope. 4. All cases concerning matrimony, testaments and tithes were spiritual questions to be settled in English courts without appeal to Rome. 5. Archbishop of Canterbury, Cranmer, would decide with regard to Henry’s divorce and remarriage. a. Cranmer annulled Henry’s marriage to Catherine. b. Cranmer consecrated Henry’s marriage to the pregnant Anne Boleyn who gave birth to Elizabeth I a few months later. 6. The king would nominate those to be elected bishop without any reference to consecration from Rome. 7. Permission to depart from canon law would come from the BIB392 Reformation History 4 Archbishop of Canterbury alone; no fees for dispensations would go to Rome.

Answer 19

1534-1536 Loyalty to the crown Supremacy Act Succession and Treason Act Thomas More, the former Chancellor, was beheaded on July 6, 1535 for his refusal to acknowledge the king as the head of the church.

Answer 20

King as head of Church of England a. Now no “mere protector,” the king had the power to exercise spiritual functions previously pertaining to the papacy. b. He had the power to correct the opinions of preachers; c. to supervise the formulation of doctrine; d. to reform the canon law; e. to visit and discipline clergy; f. to try heretics. g. The king did not claim the right to consecrate bishops or to administer the sacraments.

Answer 21

The heirs of Henry and Anne were to succeed to the throne, and that it was treason to question the marriage or to attempt any harm to an heir apparent.

Answer 22

Between 1536 and 1540, 800 monasteries dissolved Crown needed cash for programs, and Parliament did not want to increase taxation. Monasteries dissolved; excess revenue sent to crown programs Not broadcasted and not resisted by public Thomas Cromwell had been appointed the king’s vice regent and vicar general for ecclesiastical affairs in 1535. Rationalized dissolution as a means to get rid of corruption and inefficiency.

Answer 23

Charged with adultery and beheaded in 1536

Answer 24

Married Henry VII Bore him a son, Edward VI

Answer 25

No interest in it Catholic, but english (no papal control) Six articles act (1539) maintained transubstantiation, clerical celibacy, private confession, witholding the cup. Cromwell started tried to align henry with the protestants; failed and was beheaded

Answer 26

Henry died in 1547 Died at 16 First three years of his reign was really done by Edward Seymour Power then passed to John Dudley Generally, direction of reform during Edward’s reign was toward a church designed on the Zurich model Production of scriptrues authorized; clerical marriage ok

Answer 27

(1547-1550) Six articles rescinded Refugees came to england from the continent. They had significant influence, and resulted in a spectrum of church styles Parliament imposed Cranmer’s First Prayer Book on the varieties of worship practice (Act of Uniformity, 1549) (ambiguous, many possible meanings and applications) Somerset was deposed by Northumberland who had him beheaded for treason (1552)

Answer 28

the Protestant grandniece to Henry VIII Northumberland married his son to her Persuaded Edward to name Lady Jane as his successor rather than Mary Tudor, a Catholic. Northumberland neglected to retain Mary Tudor in a secure prison, and she escaped. The people rallied to Mary Tudor

Answer 29

Bloody Mary English people were neither ardently Catholic nor ardently Protestant Mary attained the throne because of the deeper desire for the legitimate heir to ascend the throne. Thus the popular acclamation of Mary was not a Catholic revival Intent upon re-establishing England as a Catholic nation loyal to the Pope Replaced the Protestant officials with her own loyal Catholics. 2. Parliament repealed all the laws concerning religion which had been passed during Edward’s reign. 3. Worship according to Henry VIII’s Six Articles Act was reinstated. 4. With Parliament’s consent she married Philip II of Spain (son of Charles V), a Catholic. The marriage did not produce an heir soon enough to suit Philip, and he left Mary to pursue his interests on the continent. Died 1558

Answer 30

started 1555 Many fled england for strausborg Those who fled to Geneva eventually returned and had great effects From 1555 to Mary’s death in 1558, around 300 Protestants lost their lives. Thomas Cranmer, the architect of the spiritual side of the English reformation, was burned at the stake in 1556 Not rooted well enough to have great effect England from Henry VII to Somerset had a great change in national self understanding

Answer 31

1558-1603 Goal: Free England of papacy, Hapsburgs, power, etc Committed to a non-Catholic solution, non-Genevan to the religious divisions in England. However, return of the Marian exiles to England, heavily influenced by Calvinist principles, would have a great impact on future development.

Answer 32

1559 he Catholic legislation under Mary was repealed. 2. Elizabeth was designated “the only supreme governor of this realm, as well in all spiritual or ecclesiastical things.” b. “Supreme governor” was preferred to “supreme head” in an effort to offend neither Catholics, for whom the supreme head was the pope, nor the more hardline Protestants, for whom the supreme head was Christ. c. Although she refused the title, she nonetheless functioned as the head of the Church of England. Act of Uniformity The Elizabethan settlement was effective and brought order to the chaos of the previous decades. 1.Denying supremacy of crown over the church or refusal to take an oath of loyalty resulted in immediate dismissal from office. 2. To acknowledge the authority of any foreign prince or prelate was defined as high treason and made punishable by death. 3. Bishops who refused to conform were gradually replaced with Elizabeth’s appointees.

Answer 33

enforced by the imposition of an oath upon all holders of religious and civil offices

Answer 34

1559 established a revised liturgy from the Second Prayer Book of 1552 he prayer against the pope was deleted. 2. The ornaments and vestments of ministers should be those established in the second year of Edward VI’s reign. Traditional vestments therefore were to be preserved. 3. The declaration that kneeling at the Lord’s Supper did not imply adoration was also omitted (the “Black Rubric” insisted upon by John Knox). 4. The question of the mode of Christ’s presence was left obscure. 5. Puritanism (pure from catholicism) begins here.