Test 2 Flashcards
Is mature cartilage vascular?
No
Does articular cartilage have a perichondrium?
No
Hyaline Cartilage
Flexible support structure. Collagen and elastic fibers. Most common type with clear, glassy appearance. No pericardium
Fibrocartilage
Numerous, coarse, readily available proteins. Arranged as irregular bundles between large chondrocytes. Little ground structure. Resists compression– good shock absorption
Elastic Cartilage
Flexible, springy cartilage. Numerous, densely packed elastic fibers within ECM. Chondrocytes closely packed by ground substance
Another name for bone tissue
Osseous connective tissue
Is Bone tissue vascular?
yes
Mature Bone cells are called
Osteocytes
Osteocytes are housed in the
lacunae
Compact bone
made of neurovascular canals. Uniform. Formed in osteons
Spongy bone
interior of bone that is lightweight but strong
Functions of bone
Support/Protection. As Levers. Hemopoiesis (process of blood cell production). Storage of mineral and energy reserves
What repeating structural unit is compact bone organized into?
Latticework
Minerals stored within bone tissue?
Calcium and phosphorous (helps with bone building)
Hematopoiteic
Type of reticular CT that makes blood cells
4 classifications of bones, description, and example
Long bone: greater length than width–femur. Short: length nearly equal to width–patella. Flat: thin surfaces that are slightly curved for good surface area–Scapulae. Irregular: Elaborate and complex shape. Ossa coxa.
Diaphysis
Long bone shaft that provides leverage and major weight support
Medullary cavity
Hollow cylindrical within diaphysis for bone marrow
Epiphysis
Expanded, knobby region at the ends of long bone (proximal and distal)
Articular cartilage
Cover of the joint surface of an epiphysis. Hyaline. Reduces friction and absorbs some shock for joints
Epiphysial plate
Bone widens and transforms from diaphysis and epiphysis. Layer of hyaline allows for length growth
Epiphysial line
Thin, defined area of compact bone
Periosteum
Tough sheath covering of the outer surface of bone
Periforating ribers
Periosteum anchored here. Runs perpendicular ot diaphysis
Endosteum
Very thin layer of CT. Has osteoprogenitor cells, osteo blasts, osteoclasts. Covers all internal surfaces of bone within medulla cavity. Active during bone growth, repair, remodelling
Two classifications of bones
Spongy and compact
Red bone marrow
Contains reticular CT, develops blood vessels. In axial skeleton (except facial bones) and anatomical heads of humerus and head of femur.
Yellow bone marrow
Fatty appearance from the increase of adipocytes over red marrow. Can revert to red bone marrow if the body needs more blood
Complete severing of bone part
Avulsion
Fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone: dinner fork
Colles
Bone splintered into several small pieces between main parts
Comminuted
Bone broken into two or more pieces
Complete
Bone does not break skin
Simple
Broken bone ends protrude skin
Compound
Bone is squashed
Compression
Broken bone forms concavity
Depressed
Fractured bone parts are out of anatomical alignment
Displaced
Epiphyseal separated from diaphysis
Epiphyseal
Partial fracture: only one side breaks
Greenstick
Fine crack in which sections of bone remain aligned
Hairline
One fragment of bone driven into another
Impacted
Partial fracture extends only partway across the bone
Incomplete
Fracture is parallel to the long axis of the bone
Linear
Diagonal fracture
Oblique
Weakening of bone caused by disease
Pathologic
Fracture is at the distal ends of tibia and fibula
Pott
Fracture spirals around axis of long bone: twisting stress
Spiral
Fracture occurred due to repeated stress impact
Stress
Fracture is at right angles to the long axis of the bone
Transverse
Osteoprogenitor cells
Stem cells from mesenchyme that divide via cellular division to produce “commuted cells” that turn to osteoblasts. In periosteum and endosteum
Osteoblasts
Synthesize and secrete osteoid which calcifies. Becomes trapped in matrix and becomes osteocytes
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells. Cytoplasmic projections keep cells together. Maintain bone matrix and detect mechanical stress
Osteoclasts
Large multicellular cells from bone marrow that involve bone reabsorption
Cartilage interstitial growth
Chondrocytes undergo mitotic cell development and two cells share a lacunae and become chondroblasts. They synthesize and secrete new matrix which pushes them apart. Becomes chondrocytes
Appositional cartilage growth
Stem cells in perichondrium stat to device
Five zones of interstitial bone growth and what they do
Zone of resting cartilage — Small constrictors are distributed throughout the cartilage matrix.; Zone of proliferating cartilage: Chondrocytes undergo rapid mitotic cell division and enlargement to push the Epiphyseal and dialysis away from each other.; Zone of hypertrophic cartilage: older Chondrocytes cease dividing and undergo hypertrophy then reabsorb into the matrix.; Zone of calcified cartilage: 2-3 layers of dead chondrocytes that deposit minerals into the matrix.; Zone of ossification: walls between lacunae break down and osteoprogenitor cells from medullary cavity film the space and develop into osteoblasts to make new matrix
