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Anatomy & Physiology 2101 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is mature cartilage vascular?

A

No

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2
Q

Does articular cartilage have a perichondrium?

A

No

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3
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Flexible support structure. Collagen and elastic fibers. Most common type with clear, glassy appearance. No pericardium

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4
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Numerous, coarse, readily available proteins. Arranged as irregular bundles between large chondrocytes. Little ground structure. Resists compression– good shock absorption

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5
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Flexible, springy cartilage. Numerous, densely packed elastic fibers within ECM. Chondrocytes closely packed by ground substance

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6
Q

Another name for bone tissue

A

Osseous connective tissue

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7
Q

Is Bone tissue vascular?

A

yes

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8
Q

Mature Bone cells are called

A

Osteocytes

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9
Q

Osteocytes are housed in the

A

lacunae

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10
Q

Compact bone

A

made of neurovascular canals. Uniform. Formed in osteons

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11
Q

Spongy bone

A

interior of bone that is lightweight but strong

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12
Q

Functions of bone

A

Support/Protection. As Levers. Hemopoiesis (process of blood cell production). Storage of mineral and energy reserves

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13
Q

What repeating structural unit is compact bone organized into?

A

Latticework

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14
Q

Minerals stored within bone tissue?

A

Calcium and phosphorous (helps with bone building)

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15
Q

Hematopoiteic

A

Type of reticular CT that makes blood cells

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16
Q

4 classifications of bones, description, and example

A

Long bone: greater length than width–femur. Short: length nearly equal to width–patella. Flat: thin surfaces that are slightly curved for good surface area–Scapulae. Irregular: Elaborate and complex shape. Ossa coxa.

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17
Q

Diaphysis

A

Long bone shaft that provides leverage and major weight support

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18
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Hollow cylindrical within diaphysis for bone marrow

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19
Q

Epiphysis

A

Expanded, knobby region at the ends of long bone (proximal and distal)

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20
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Cover of the joint surface of an epiphysis. Hyaline. Reduces friction and absorbs some shock for joints

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21
Q

Epiphysial plate

A

Bone widens and transforms from diaphysis and epiphysis. Layer of hyaline allows for length growth

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22
Q

Epiphysial line

A

Thin, defined area of compact bone

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23
Q

Periosteum

A

Tough sheath covering of the outer surface of bone

24
Q

Periforating ribers

A

Periosteum anchored here. Runs perpendicular ot diaphysis

25
Q

Endosteum

A

Very thin layer of CT. Has osteoprogenitor cells, osteo blasts, osteoclasts. Covers all internal surfaces of bone within medulla cavity. Active during bone growth, repair, remodelling

26
Q

Two classifications of bones

A

Spongy and compact

27
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Contains reticular CT, develops blood vessels. In axial skeleton (except facial bones) and anatomical heads of humerus and head of femur.

28
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Fatty appearance from the increase of adipocytes over red marrow. Can revert to red bone marrow if the body needs more blood

29
Q

Complete severing of bone part

A

Avulsion

30
Q

Fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone: dinner fork

A

Colles

31
Q

Bone splintered into several small pieces between main parts

A

Comminuted

32
Q

Bone broken into two or more pieces

A

Complete

33
Q

Bone does not break skin

A

Simple

34
Q

Broken bone ends protrude skin

A

Compound

35
Q

Bone is squashed

A

Compression

36
Q

Broken bone forms concavity

A

Depressed

37
Q

Fractured bone parts are out of anatomical alignment

A

Displaced

38
Q

Epiphyseal separated from diaphysis

A

Epiphyseal

39
Q

Partial fracture: only one side breaks

A

Greenstick

40
Q

Fine crack in which sections of bone remain aligned

A

Hairline

41
Q

One fragment of bone driven into another

A

Impacted

42
Q

Partial fracture extends only partway across the bone

A

Incomplete

43
Q

Fracture is parallel to the long axis of the bone

A

Linear

44
Q

Diagonal fracture

A

Oblique

45
Q

Weakening of bone caused by disease

A

Pathologic

46
Q

Fracture is at the distal ends of tibia and fibula

A

Pott

47
Q

Fracture spirals around axis of long bone: twisting stress

A

Spiral

48
Q

Fracture occurred due to repeated stress impact

A

Stress

49
Q

Fracture is at right angles to the long axis of the bone

A

Transverse

50
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

Stem cells from mesenchyme that divide via cellular division to produce “commuted cells” that turn to osteoblasts. In periosteum and endosteum

51
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Synthesize and secrete osteoid which calcifies. Becomes trapped in matrix and becomes osteocytes

52
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells. Cytoplasmic projections keep cells together. Maintain bone matrix and detect mechanical stress

53
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large multicellular cells from bone marrow that involve bone reabsorption

54
Q

Cartilage interstitial growth

A

Chondrocytes undergo mitotic cell development and two cells share a lacunae and become chondroblasts. They synthesize and secrete new matrix which pushes them apart. Becomes chondrocytes

55
Q

Appositional cartilage growth

A

Stem cells in perichondrium stat to device

56
Q

Five zones of interstitial bone growth and what they do

A

Zone of resting cartilage — Small constrictors are distributed throughout the cartilage matrix.; Zone of proliferating cartilage: Chondrocytes undergo rapid mitotic cell division and enlargement to push the Epiphyseal and dialysis away from each other.; Zone of hypertrophic cartilage: older Chondrocytes cease dividing and undergo hypertrophy then reabsorb into the matrix.; Zone of calcified cartilage: 2-3 layers of dead chondrocytes that deposit minerals into the matrix.; Zone of ossification: walls between lacunae break down and osteoprogenitor cells from medullary cavity film the space and develop into osteoblasts to make new matrix

Anatomy & Physiology 2101 (5 decks)

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