Test 2 Flashcards
Normal Adult BP
Normal adult 120/80 mmHg
Infant BP
80’50 mmHg
High blood pressure (hypertension)
when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time.
Pre-Hypertension
If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or higher, but below 140/90,
Low blood pressure, or hypotension
when blood pressure during and after each heartbeat is much lower than usual. This means the heart, brain, and other parts of the body do not get enough blood.
Brachial Artery
artery that is used to take standard B.P
Systolic
Systolic blood pressure takes place when the ventricles of the heart contract.
Diastolic
Diastolic blood pressure takes place when the ventricles of the heart relax and are filled with blood.
How many mmHg (millimeters of mercury) should you inflate the blood pressure cuff pass the patient know systolic blood pressure?
30mmhg
the definition of orthostatic hypotension and what are common causes of this condition
Orthostatic hypotension is brought on by a sudden change in body position, most often when shifting from lying down to standing. This type of hypotension usually lasts only a few seconds or minutes.
locations to assess an arterial pulse
carotid between the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the trachea
temporal on the superior and lateral side of the eye
radial - base of the thumb
pedal (in foot) - dorsalis pedis artery, on the dorsal and medial aspect of the foot
femoral arteries situated over the femoral artery int he inguinal area
instrument is used to measure the vital lung capacity
Spirometer
Tachypnea
the increased respiratory rate of breathing of an adult to 20 br/min or greater
bradypnea
decreased respiratory rate of breathing of an adult to 10 br/min or less
heard through the stethoscope when taking a standard blood pressure?
Korotkoff’s sound - the first sound heard, which is the systolic pressure. At the point where the sound disappears, which st he diastolic pressure.
Mitral Valve Prolapse
heart problem in which the valve that separates the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart does not close properly.
the common abnormal breath sounds especially the sound that is caused by partial airway constriction associated with asthma.
a. Wheezing is a whistling sound resulting from constriction or partial obstruction of the airways. Wheezing is characteristic for patients having emphysema and asthma
Body mechanic rules
lift with the weight close
use the body to lift (legs) not the arms
maintain a stable center of gravity.
Lists and understand the preparation and safety for transferring a patient
Reading the patients chart to find out the medical and physical therapy diagnosis
Reading the patients medical history (including medications)
Determining the patent’s current level of function
Reviewing the PT’s plan of care (including short-and long-term goals)
e. Determining the patients prior physical therapy treatment (including the patients level of assistance with transfers)
f. Reviewing the physician’s, social worker, and nursing personnel’s most recent assessment of the patient
Maximum
assists the patient for approximately 75 percents of the patients total work.
Moderate
PTA assists the patient for approximately 50 percent of the patients total work
Minumum
assists the patient for approximately 25 percent of the patients total work
Contact guard
assists the patient for approximately 25 percent of the patients total work
Standby Supervision
PTA supervises the patients independent work by standing by and being ready to give light assistance
component parts of a patient assisted transfer
Weight bearing
Weight shifting
Balance
Use of stabilizing environment
Hoyer Lift
aka “Zero” Lifting - Although the PTA does not necessarily apply his or her technical skills in this transfer, he or she may need to help and coordinate the transfer. Lifts are to transfer medically fragile patients, and decrease nursing staff injury. Patient is too heavy and not safe to transfer.
Sliding board
A sliding board assisted sitting transfer can be taught as an independent transfer to patients with spinal cord injury, patients who are obese, or patients with amputations. (pg 235)
Contradictions for transferring a patient
a. Patient refuse to be transferred
b. Chart mentions that patient is bed bound
c. Change in status for the worse
d. Cardiopulmonary status
e. Joint flexibility
f. Muscle tone and strength
g. Neuromusuclar control
h. Balance and coordination during sitting and standing
i. Endurance
j. Psychosocial and personal support system
k. Tolerance to transfer positions
a. Patient refuse to be transferred
b. Chart mentions that patient is bed bound
c. Change in status for the worse
d. Cardiopulmonary status
e. Joint flexibility
f. Muscle tone and strength
g. Neuromusuclar control
h. Balance and coordination during sitting and standing
i. Endurance
j. Psychosocial and personal support system
k. Tolerance to transfer positions
Reimbursment
The clinical intervention must show through documentation the physical therapy clinical decision making involved, providing the necessary rationale to support the interventions. To ensure reimbursement, the documentation must describe physical therapy effectiveness, showing evidence of the patients improving functional abilities.
Assurance of quality care
Through documentation, the members of the PT team can define a patient problems, outline the plan of care, identify barriers to recovery, and describe goals for efficient, and skilled physical therapy intervention
Assurance of continuity care
guides PT and PTA in the intervention’s outcomes and goals and established a communication tool among PT, PTA and other health care providers on the rehabilitation staff.
Legal reasons
Legal aspects of documentation are considered in the events of lawsuits or malpractice issues by providing objective evidence of physical therapy care performed for the patient
rESEARCH AND EDUCATION
- Evidence based research through clinical practice is significant tool used tin the advancement of physical therapy education as well as the progression of the physical therapy profession.
Marketing
Documentation can also be an important marketing tool because it includes description of successful functional outcomes achieved by the patient and the skilled and efficient quality of care offered to the patient.
Quality insurance
as activities and programs designed and implemented in a clinical facility to achieve high-quality level of care.
S
Subjective findings: information provided by the patient or patient’s family/caregiver
O
Results of tests, measurements, and interventions
A ssesment
Overall response to interventions and the effects of interventions, changes in patients status, and the health care provider’s opinion about the patient’s progress
P lan
The plan for further diagnostic or therapeutic action or for the next treatment session
PT responsiblity documentation
Initial Evaluation, Progress report, and discharge report
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Decubitis ulcer
Pressure sore/ulcer - open sores due to lowered circulation
CVA stroke
a sudden loss of neurologic function caused by vascular injury to the brain
Thrombus
when one of the cerebral arteries becomes narrowed because of plaque buildup from atherosclerotic disease; they can create large blood clots that blocks blood flow
Embolus
blockage caused by a foreign object blood clot, piece of arterial wall, or bacterial blood clot; embolus is carried in bloodstream until it becomes wedged in a blood vessel
Hemorrhage
cerebral artery is not locked, but ruptures, filling the surrounding brain tissue with blood; this type is the most serious
congestive heart failure
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body
abnormal lung sound?
Discontinuous Adventitious
Sprain
– ligaments are torn from attachments
Strain
damages to muscle or tendon
Ligamentous/Capsular
Sprain
Muscle/Tendon
Strain
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
Herniated Disc
slip disc a protusion in L4-5
Muscular Dystrophy
hereditary condition in which muscles weaken
Cerebral Palsy
occurs before or after birth
Nervous system
Debrimnet
removes dead skin
PTA should work onROM
POstPolio
when symptoms reemerge after years from the original infection due to overuse of motor neuron
Myocardial infaction
aka heart attach - the loss of living heart muscle as a result of coronary artery occlusion. If blood flow is not restored with in a few hours, the heart muscle dies
