TEST 2 Flashcards
how many ATP are made in pro during glycolysis
38
how many ATP are made in eukaryotes during glycolysis
36
where does glycolysis happen in the cell
cytoplast
what is a result of glycolysis
pyruvic acid
where does the Kreb’s cycle/ citric acid cycle occur in the the cell (pro)
cytoplasmic mmb
where does the Kreb’s cycle/ citric acid cycle occur in the the cell (eukaryotes)
Mitochondria
how many ATP come out of the kreb’s cycle/Ciytic acid cycle.
2 ATP
is O2 needed for the ETS
yes
where does the ETS happen in pro cells
cytoplasmic mmb
where does the ETS happen in eukaryotes cells
Mitochondria
total ATP produced during the ETS (pro)
34
total ATP produced during the ETS (eukaryotes )
32
is O2 needed for fermentation
no
enzyme that removes H+ from pyruvic acid
dehydrogenase
what are the gases released during fermentation
CO2 and H+
what type of fermentation only produces lactic acid
homolactic fermentation
what type of fermentation produces lactic acid and other thing
heterolactic fermentation
what is the most important product of fermentation
lactic acid
what is composed of glycerol and fatty acid
fat
what is the simplest fat
triglyceride
true or false: fat breaks down easy
false
what does lipase breakdown fat into
fatty acid and glycerol
what makes up the cell wall
protein
what enzyme removes NH2 and changes it to NH3
deaminase
def? bacteria starts to grow
purefaction
def? breakdown of organic matter to produce energy
catabolism
def? to synthesize, to produce new type of compound
anabolism
what is an anabolism intermediate
PGal
what is the one enzyme for anabolism
lipase
what are the 3 factors that control anabolism and metabolism
alternate pathway,
feedback inhibition,
gene regulation
def? controlling metabolism; enzyme and pathway of ana. and cata. are diff
alternate pathway
def? involved in time (short or fast)
feedback inhibition
def? induction of the gene; mRNA transcribe DNA molecule to rRNA; tRNA brings in aa
gene regulation
true or false : gene must be put in right environment for gene transcription
true
what kind of growth does bacteria do
binary fission
are pro or eu faster at doubling time
pro
def? division of the cytoplasm
cytokinesis
what kind of division do eu cells do
mitotic division
higher metabolic activity = ____ generation time
shorter
true or false: shorter generation time cause more problems
true
what part of the population growth curve doesn’t an organism grow b/c they have to adapt to the environment
lag time/adaptation phase
what part of the population growth curve is the gene turned on, they produce enzyme, they start to use food and waste
logarithmic phase/log phase
what part of the population growth curve is the gene turned off
stationary phase/ silent phase
what is the limiting factor in the stationary phase
decrease in pH, O2, food, sample, temp., change the amount of vitamin decrease
what part of the population growth curve is acid produced that causes lysis
death phase
generation time formula
G= t/3.3 log (b/B)
def? count the # of organisms in the plate or other
cell count
what is used to count eukaryote cells
hemocytometer
what equipment is used to estimate the # of all cells in a suspension
hemocytomter
what is the most reliable/accurate way to count cells in micro
colony count
def? count the # of colonies, multiplied by the dilution factor = # of organisms
colony count
def? a machine which works with electrode to count cells
Coulter counter
can Coulter counter separate living from non-living cells
no
def? uses spectrophotometer, make a dilution of microorganism, does not differentiate between dead and living organisms
turbidity
def? suspension of organism inside a tube, washed and dried
dry mass/cell mass
def? amount of waste material
cell activity
what heat do to enzymes
denatures
def? amount of salt inside the cell in higher than outside
osmotic pressure
what happens to the cell in a hypertonic environment
water moves out, shrinks
what happens to the cell in a hypotonic environment
water gets inside, enlarge and breaks
what do bacteria have that protect them from lysis
cell wall
what kind of organisms grow in the presence of O2
strict aerobe
what kind of organism grow more in the presence of O2 (on top)
facultative aerobe
what kind of organism grow more in the presence of O2 (on bottom)
facultative anaerobe
what kind of radiation are x and gamma rays
ionizing radiation
what kind of radiation is more dangerous
ionizing radiation
what kind of radiation is UV ray
non-ionizing
where does mycobacterium tuberculosis grow
lungs
where does neisseria gonrrhea grow
genitalia
bacteria that grow not in humans or animals
autotrophic
bacteria that grows inside the body of humans/animals
heterotroph
def?association between 2 species where 1 depends on the other one for survival
symbiotic association
what kind of symbiotic association is between 2 organisms; 1 is harmed but does not affect the other
amensalist association
what kind of symbiotic association is where 1 benefit w/o harming the other one; we have it but we don’t know
commensalist
what kind of symbiotic association is where both benefit from each other, if 1 is removed , the other cannot survive
mutualist
what kind of symbiotic association is an organism benefit while harming the host
parasitic association
what kind of parasitism bothers/damages the skin of the people
ectoparasitism
what kind of parasitism problem is inside internal organ
endoparasitism
what kind of symbiotic association is with commensal or muralist but when the environment change, they become parasitic
opportunist association
def? blood poison
septicemia
def? presence of bacteria inside the blood
bacteremia
def? presence of virus in the blood
viremia
def? presence of toxins inside blood
toxemia
def? ability of any organism to cause problem
pathogenicity
