test Flashcards
During the intentional stage of infant language development, from 0-8 months, it is assumed that babies do not have the cognitive capacity necessary to formulate a communicative plan and carry it through. True or False?
False
Which of the following regarding the observation of Bates (1975) is false?
1She observed the babies between the ages of 8-12 months are intentional communicators
2-she observed the babies between the ages of 8-12 communicate through prelinguistic behaviors
3-she devised the term “perlocutionary” to refer to the intentional stage of infant language development
4-in her illocutionary stage babies communicate through prelinguistic behaviors
6-the locutionary stage begins when the first words appear.
- She devised the term ‘perlocutionary’ to refer to the intentional stage of infant language development.
Match Oller (1999) with the correct stages.
1.infants produce quasi vowels
2.the back of the tounge makes contact with the velum, producing “coo” and “goo” sounds
3.a period of vocal play
4.the infant says mamamamma or dadada
5.the infant combines a variety of consonant vowels sequences
- Phononation stage
- Primitive articulation
- Exploration/expansion
- Reduplication
- Variegated babbling
The absence of babbling at the age of 10 months is a possible red flag for future difficulties in the acquisition of language. True or False?
True
Which of the following regarding pre-intentional communication during Hanen’s Discover stage is false? stage is false
1.It is generally agreed that a newborn infant cry behavior serves no communicative function because they are in the preintentional stage of langauge development
2.smiles observed during the first few weeks of life are probably reflexive in nature
3.cry behaviors prompts caregivers to provide for an infant basic needs
4.reflexive smiles are shaped into social smiles through the reinforcement the baby receives from adults in the enviorment
5.if caregiver tend to an infant basic needs in respinse to the infant cry behavior then infants learn the concepts of natural contigncies
- It is generally agreed that a newborn infant’s cry behavior serves no communicative function because they are in the pre-intentional stage of language development.
Typically developing infants make eye contact from birth. True or False?
True
Match the types of gaze.
1.type of gaze in which infants fix eye gaze on some objects of interest.
2.the adult joins the baby in looking at an appealing object
3.regard for an object in conjunction with another person with shifting eye gaze form the object to the person
4.prolonged eye contact “eyelock”
5.an infant looks at a presented object ; should be in place by 12 months
6.an infant engages in this when showing an object or pointing to an object should be in place by 18 m
7.partners(the baby and the adult) alternary look at each other
- Type of gaze in which infants fix eye gaze on some objects of interest - Dietic
- The adult joins the baby in looking at an appealing object - Joint attention
- Regard for an object in conjunction with another person with shifting eye gaze from the object to the person - Co-orientation
- Prolonged eye contact ‘eyelock’ - Mutual gaze
- An infant looks at a presented object; should be in place by 12 months - Responding to joint attention
- An infant engages in this when showing an object or pointing to an object; should be in place by 18 months -initiatting joint attention
- Partners (the baby and the adult) alternately look at each other - gaze coupling
The communicator stage (Hanen, 2001) lines up with the locutionary stage (Bates, 1976). True or False?
False
Match the correct gestures.
1,Infant turns her head away when presented with a non preffered food
2.infant points to a dog in the envioment excitedly looks at the adult and then back at the dog
3.infant reaches to be picked up
4.infant pushes an overly friendly puppy who is bothering him away
5.infant holds up an appealing toy saying “this is so cool”
6.infant hands an empty sippy cup to the parent, because she is thirsty
- Infant turns her head away when presented with a non-preferred food - Protest/distal
- Infant points to a dog in the environment, excitedly looks at the adult and then back at the dog - Comment/distal gesture
- Infant reaches to be picked up - Request/distal
- Infant pushes an overly friendly puppy who is bothering him away - Protest/contact gesture
- Infant holds up an appealing toy saying ‘this is so cool’ - Comment/contact gesture
- Infant hands an empty sippy cup to the parent because she is thirsty - Request/contact gesture
An infant in the communicator stage may produce jargon, which is long strings of unintelligible sounds with adult-like intonation. True or False?
True
Infants in the pre-intentional stage will develop an understanding of others’ nonverbal cues such as gestures and intonation. True or False?
True
Children make the shift from talking about the ‘here and now’ to the ‘there and then’ in the early sentence user stage. True or False?
True
The emergence of the first word marks the beginning of oral language usage and is the beginning of the first word user stage (Hanen, 2001) and the locutionary stage. True or False?
True
Which of the following protowords is false?
1.protowords are also called phonetically consistent forms (PCF)
2.protowords are units with distinguishable utterance boundaries
3.protowords are used in recurring utterances
4.protowords are reliably associated with recurring situations
5.protowords closely resemble the adult form
5
All infants produce protowords before they produce real words. True or False?
False
Which of the following regarding real words is false?
1.real words are consistent productions that are phoneticallly similar to the adult-word form
2.real words have a consonant sound close to the adult production, but vowels are often erred
3.real words are followed by a brief period of silence
4.real words are used under recurring consitions
5.real words are used in conversations
- Real words are consistent productions that are phonetically similar to the adult-word form. .
The environment in which the child lives influences which words the child will first produce. True or False?
True
Children learn to produce abstract nouns and verbs before they learn to produce concrete nouns and verbs. True or False?
False
Match the type of two-word combinations likely to be produced by children in the combiner stage to its example.
object+action
descriptor+object
request
refusal
possessive
Object + Action - Daddy eat
Descriptor + Object - Big ball
Request - Want up
Refusal - No bed
Possessive - My cookie
According to Brown (1973), the third person singular present tense verb -ing is the first morpheme to appear in children developing oral language. True or False?
False
By the time a child is 4 years old, all of the grammatical morphemes and sentence structures of the English language should be in place. True or False?
True
Match the sentence and its type.
1.she was my teacher
2.i lie, to play soccer and i like to play baseball too
3.when my uncle bob visits, we alwyas have a good time
4.although she did not usually go to amusement parks she went with her boyfriend, and she actually enjoyed it very much .
- She was my teacher - Simple sentence
- I like to play soccer and I like to play baseball too - Compound
- When my uncle Bob visits, we always have a good time - Complex
- Although she did not usually go to amusement parks, she went with her boyfriend, and she actually enjoyed it very much - Complex compound
Match terms with the early sentence user stage.
children learn the word “ball” for the toy ball in their home and then call all other round objects “balls”
children learn the word “flower” in reference to the roses growing in their backyard, but do not apply the word to any other flower
children learn a grammatical rule but not the exceptions right away (I runned fast)
type of speech resulting from omission of functions words
a speaker notices the listener is not understanding what he is saying so he restates his message
occurs when shared knowledge is recognized and not unessasaury repeaeted
Children learn the word ‘ball’ for the toy ball in their home and then call all other round objects ‘balls’ - Over extension
Children learn the word ‘flower’ in reference to the roses growing in their backyard, but do not apply the word to any other flower - Under extension
Children learn a grammatical rule but not the exceptions right away (I runned fast) - Overgeneralization
Type of speech resulting from omission of function words - Telegraphic
A speaker notices the listener is not understanding what he is saying so he restates his message - Conversation repair
Occurs when shared knowledge is recognized and not unnecessarily repeated - Ellipsis
